Browsing by Author "Lawal, A. R."
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Item Bioproductivity and grain quality of two cowpea varieties in relation to frequency of hand weeding(Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2019) Olayinka, B. U.; Lawal, A. R.; Abdulbaki, S. A.; Ayinla, A.; Oladokun, L. T.; Udo, O. F.; Akinwumi, M. A.; Etejere, E. O.The concern for human health and safety coupled with the increase in herbicides resistant weeds necessitated the need to investigate the effect of frequency of hand weeding on weed suppression, productivity and grains quality in two varieties of cowpea (Tvx 3236 and Ife brown). Plot layout was a split-plot arrangement in complete randomized block design with three replications. The cowpea lines were subjected to five treatments of frequency of hand weeding. Data on weed and crop were subjected to Analysis of Variance. Means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test at 0.05 level of significance. Weed species that were found to be preponderant include Brachiaria deflexa, Euphorbia heterophylla and Commelina benghalensis. The three hand weeding at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after planting (WAP) showed the highest weed control efficiency of 90.48 % followed by those of two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WAP (86.98%) and one hand weeding at 3 WAP (74.68%). The weed free check was the most effective in controlling weeds (93.80%). Growth and productivity of the two cowpea lines were enhanced with increase in frequency of hand weeding when compared with the weedy check. Weeds reduced crop yield by 56.17%. The results of grain quality such as crude protein, lipid content, ash and crude fibre were also enhanced with increase in frequency of hand weeding. Generally, growth and yield were higher in Ife brown than Tvx3236. The research was limited to one cropping season and there is need for reproducibility for consistent of results. The study concluded that weeding twice and three times were found to be feasible since these frequencies of weeding times promoted effective weed reduction, higher growth, and yield and grain quality of the two cowpea varieties studied.Item Comparative evaluation of seed quality and physico-chemical properties of groundnut varieties consumed in Nigeria(AAU J. Physical & Applied Sciences, 2025) Olayinka, B. U.; Lawal, A. R.; Abdulkareem, K A.; Kareem, I.; Babatunde, M. O.; Ayinla, A.; Sagaya, A.; Mustapha, O. T.Groundnuts have been established to have great health benefits due to their biochemical constituents. Varieties abound, differing in their quality of seed and oil characteristics; hence, the need to continually assess the characteristics of the seeds, most importantly the improved varieties, whose chemical composition and physico-chemical properties are scant in the literature. In this study, the proximate, mineral and physico-chemical properties of five groundnut varieties (KAMPALA, SAMNUTS 23, 24, 25 and 28) were evaluated using standard procedures. The results revealed that crude protein, fat and fibre were higher in SAMNUT23 when compared to other varieties. Aside from ash and carbohydrate, the KAMPALA variety recorded the lowest values of all parameters. Regardless of varietal differences in mineral elements, the seeds were rich in phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and magnesium, compared to other essential elements such as zinc, iron, copper, and nitrogen. However, the mineral elements were significantly higher in SAMNUT varieties when compared to KAMPALA. The physico-chemical properties did not show appreciable differences except for acid value, iodine value and saponification values, which were significantly lowest in SAMNUT28. The findings revealed that all the SAMNUTvarieties, especially SAMNUT23, 24 and 25, had superior quality; hence, their use in seed certification, food processing and breeding programmes within the groundnut value chain in Nigeria should be encouraged.Item Effect of copper-based fungicide on chemical composition of cocoa seeds(UNIZIK Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2025) Lawal, A. R.; Olayinka B. U.; Olahan, G. S.; Omorinoye, O. A.; Abdulsalam, H. A.; Abdulra’uf, L. B.Production of cocoa seeds, one of Nigeria’s major non-oil foreign exchange earners as well as a major raw material for the beverage industry, is greatly hindered by diseases caused by various species of the genus Phytophthora. To avert this, copper-based fungicides are sprayed on the leaves of cocoa trees to control or prevent the survival of this organism by the farmers without paying attention to the effects of this chemical on the proximate composition of cocoa seeds. This study therefore investigated the effects of a copper-based fungicide (Ridomil Gold Copper) on the quality of the cocoa seeds by spraying cocoa trees, including the pods, with 50.00 g/L of copper-based fungicide. The results obtained showed that cocoa seeds from the control trees showed significantly higher contents of fiber (4.51%), protein (15.1%), and fat (36.1%) when compared to the respective values of 3.45, 3.95, and 7.59% obtained for the cocoa seeds harvested from the fungicide-treated cocoa trees. All other proximate compositions did not show any statistical difference, except for carbohydrate and calorific values, which were significantly higher in cocoa seeds from fungicide-treated cocoa trees. Seeds from fungicide-treated trees showed significantly higher potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium contents but lower zinc and copper contents. However, phytochemicals such as phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins were significantly lower in content in the seeds of fungicide-treated cocoa trees. The contents of glycosides and antioxidants in the cocoa seeds were statistically similar for both the control and treatment, except for ascorbic acid, which showed a significantly lower value (4.8 mg/100 ml) in cocoa seeds from fungicide-treated cocoa trees, compared with the value recorded for the control in this study (13.33%). The foregoing results showed that the use of copper-based fungicides for the control of black pod disease in cocoa adversely affected the quality of cocoa seeds from the treated trees.Item Effect of phosphorus fertilizer and shoot pruning on growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)(Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023) Olayinka, B. U.; Oyewole, M.; Jacobs, O. E.; Abdulkareem, K. A.; Lawal, A. R.; AbdulRauf, L. B.; Kareem, I.; Muhammed, G. Y.; Abdulbaki, A. S.Phosphorus fertilization or pruning as sole practice has been established to enhance tomato yield. However, there is a dearth of knowledge when both practices are combined. Under potted experiment, two tomato varieties (Tomato 82-B and Local) were subjected to 13 treatment combinations of phosphorus fertilization and pruning between June and September, 2021 in a garden situated at Ilorin, Nigeria. In both varieties, plants receiving 30 kg P/ha + two-stem pruning recorded highest growth indices. Marketable fruit yield was remarkably enhanced under 45 kg P/ha + four-stem pruning and 30 kg P/ha + two-stem pruning in local and Tomato 82-B respectively. Local variety showed more vigorous growth and yield than Tomato 82-B. Proximate compositions showed inconsistent results. Ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and lycopene were highest in tomato plants receiving 60 kg P/ha + four-stem pruning, 15 kg P/ha + three-stem pruning and 45 kg P/ha + four-stem respectively. Tomato 82-B had higher ascorbic acid and beta-carotene than the local variety. Conclusively, four-stem pruning + 45 kg/ha and two-stem pruning + 30 kg/ha are considered optimum for improving the yield of tomato varieties studied and that combination of pruning and phosphorus fertilization showed little influence on the fruit quality.Item Effect of weed control strategies on proximate composition of maize, cowpea, and their intercrops(FUDMA Journals of Sciences (FJS), 2021) Lawal, A. R.; Olayinka, B. U.; Etejere, E. O.; Abdulra`uf, L. B.Weed interference causes low land-use efficiency, expensive cost of production, related to control of plant and pests, low quality of crops and high cost and less efficient utilization of labour. The increase in herbicide resistance weeds which has led to increase use of herbicide has been a great concern to human health. This necessitated the need to investigate the effect of pendimethalin (P) with supplementary hand weeding (HW) on weed control efficiency and proximate composition of maize, cowpea and their intercrop. Field experiments were carried out in 2017 and 2018 rainy seasons. The field layout followed complete randomized block design with three replicates. There were eight treatments: Sole Maize/Cowpea + P, Sole Maize/Cowpea + P + 1HW at 3 weeks after sowing (WAS), Sole Maize/Cowpea + P+ 2HW at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing (WAS), Sole Maize/Cowpea weedy check, Intercrop + P, Intercrop + P + 1HW at 3WAS, Intercrop + P + 2HW at 3 and 6 WAS and Intercrop weedy check. It was observed that, P+1HW and P+2HW significantly (p≤0.05) increased carbohydrate (3.61%, 5.61%, 3.73% and 5.75%), protein (13.30%, 15.20%, 5.78% and 14.62%) and lipid contents (60.25%, 87.46%, 56.61% and 64.87%) in maize, cowpea and their respective intercrop. It can be concluded that the use of pendimethalin and 1 supplementary hand weeding effectively suppress weed-crop competition and increase the proximate composition of maize and cowpea.Item Effects of expired and non-expired pendimethalin and hand weeding on the bio-productivity and seed quality of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)(Science Journal of University of Zakho, 2023) Lawal, A. R.; Olayinka, B. U.; Ayinla, A.; Sidiq, A.; Bulala, A. F.; Muktar, S. M.; Abdulra’uf, L. B.The use of expired herbicides to suppress weeds growth is becoming prevalent among farmers. Hence the need to investigate and compare the effect of expired and non-expired pendimethalin and hand weeding on weed suppression, growth, yield and composition of groundnut. The experiment was carried to investigate seven weed treatments during the rainy season in 2020. These were sole pendimethalin non-expired at 0.75 kg ai/ha (T1), pendimethalin non-expired at 0.75 kg ai/ha + one hand weeding at 6 weeks after sowing (T2), pendimethalin expired at 0.75 kg ai/ha (T3), pendimethalin expired at 0.75 kg ai/ha + one hand weeding at 6 WAS (T4), two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WAS (T5), weed free check (T6) and weedy check (T7). Desmodium trifolium, Amaranthus spinosus and Commelina benghalensis were the most preponderant weed species. Both expired or non-expired pendimethalin and their integration with one hand weeding reduced weed population than other treatments. Pendimethalin nonexpired + one hand weeding at 6WAS and two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WAS significantly increased the growth parameters and yield when compared with other treatments. There was marked increase in protein, fat and ash contents of the seeds in all the weed control treatments than the weedy check. Also, the mineral elements (Fe, Ca, K and N) with the exception of zinc (Zn) were significantly higher in weed control treatments compared with the weedy check. The study established in spite of positive influence of all weed control treatments on seed quality, two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WAS and non-expired pendimethalin + one hand weeding 6 WAS, should be reinforced for weed control and the use of expired pendimethalin should be discouraged.Item Effects of organic, inorganic and organo-mineral fertilizer on the growth, yield and nutrient composition of Corchorus olitorious (L.)(Ceylon Journal of Science, 2018) Ayinla, A.; Alagbe, I. A.; Olayinka, B. U.; Lawal, A. R.; Aboyeji, O. O.; Etejere, E. O.Corchorus olitorius (L.) is an important leafy vegetable known for its rich source of several nutrients and dietary fibre in Africa, Asia and some parts of America. One major limitation of cultivating Corchorus olitorius in the tropics is inadequate soil fertility. Fertilizer application is an integral part of the vegetable cultivation due to low soil productivity. The study therefore aims at evaluating the effects of organic, inorganic and organo-mineral fertilizer at different concertation on the growth, yield and nutrient composition of Corchorus olitorious. The experimental setup followed a complete randomized block design with three replicates. Treatments include control, 1,000 kgha-1 sole poultry manure (PM), 2,000 kgha-1 sole PM, 200 kgha-1 sole NPK, 400 kgha-1 sole NPK, 600 kgha-1 sole NPK, 1,000 kgha-1 PM+200 kgha-1 NPK, 1,000 kgha-1 PM+400 kgha-1 NPK, 1,000 kgha-1 PM+600 kgha-1 NPK, 2,000 kgha-1 PM+200 kg/ha NPK, 2,000 kgha-1 PM+400 kgha-1 NPK and 2,000 kgha-1 PM+600 kgha-1 NPK fertilizer combinations. The growth, yield and nutrient composition of C. olitorious plants were significantly enhanced in all fertilizer treated plots in comparison to the control. Significantly (p<0.05) higher growth parameters, yield and nutrient composition were recorded in the plots treated with combined application of both fertilizers at 2,000 kgha-1 PM+400 kgha-1 NPK and 2,000 kgha-1 PM+600 kgha-1 NPK when compared to other application combinations. This study affirms that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer as a soil amendment could enhance growth, yield, and nutrient composition of C. olitorious in comparison with sole application of either fertilizers.Item Effects of spatial arrangements of groundnut-maize intercrop on growth, yield and proximate composition of groundnut(Al-Hikmah Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2017) Olayinka, B. U.; Adefalu, L. L.; Adisa, Y. A.; Lawal, A. R.; Etejere, E. O.Field experiment was carried out at University of Ilorin Botanical garden between May and August 2014 to evaluate the influence of different spatial arrangements on groundnut-maize intercrop and proximate composition of groundnut seeds. Experimental layout followed completely randomized block design with three replications. The spatial arrangements investigated were 3 rows of groundnut alternated with 1 row of maize (3:1), 3 rows of groundnut alternated with 2 rows of maize (3:2), 3 rows of groundnut alternated with 3 rows of maize (3:3), sole maize and groundnut. The results indicated that growth characters such as number of leaves and leaf area were enhanced in 3G:1M and 3G:2M spatial arrangement when compared to 3G:3M and their respective sole cropping. Yield was also enhanced in the intercrop compared to their soles. The 3G:3M produced groundnut seeds with increased percentage ash, fibre and crude protein with concomitant reduction of the fat and carbohydrate when compared to other spatial arrangements and sole groundnut. The results showed that 3G:1M and 3G:2M could be considered as appropriate spatial arrangement for enhancing the growth and yield of the intercrop. The study therefore recommends that field trials be conducted outside the University Botanical Garden with the participation of extension agents and farmers to ensure the adoption of the research outcomes.Item The effects of storage time on fuel properties of Jatropha biodiesel blends(Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2018) Ajimotokan, H. A.; Rabiu, A. B.; Lawal, A. R.This study investigates the effects of storage time on fuel properties of biodiesel made from Jatropha oil and its blends with mineral diesel at different percentage compositions. The influence of storage stability on selected fuel properties such as kinematic viscosity, density, pour, cloud and flash points for Jatropha biodiesel and its blends at varying storage times were investigated using standard test methods. The biodiesel obtained through trans-esterification of Jatropha oil was blended with mineral diesel to obtain fractional samples of B20 (20% biodiesel blend), B40 (40% biodiesel blend), B60 (60% biodiesel blend) and B100 (100% neat biodiesel). Results show that kinematic viscosity and density increase for each blend over the 12 weeks of storage period. Flash, cloud and pour points decrease for each blend over the period of study. B20 was observed to be the optimum blend mix as its fuel properties were relatively unchanged over the storage period when compared to that of mineral diesel. It can be implied from the research that while properties like kinematic viscosity and density deteriorate with time; flash, cloud and pour points are observed to have improved with storage time.Item Enhancing germination and seedling growth in salt stressed maize lines through chemical priming(Basrah Journal Agricultural Sciences, 2023) Olayinka, B. U.; Abdulbaki, S. A.; Lawal, A. R.; Alsamadany, H.; AbdulRauf, L. B.; Ayinla, A.; Odudu, U. F.This study aimed to investigate the tolerance level and the use of primers (H2O, KNO3, ascorbic acid and salicylic acid), in mitigating stress in maize in the newly released cultivars (SWAN-LSR-Y, BR9928-OMR-SR-Y and OMR-LSR-SY). Activities of SOD, APX, CAT and GSH and lipid peroxidation were investigated, to measure the biochemical response of the primed maize seeds. Maize seeds primed with KNO3 and ascorbic acid improved germination and anti-oxidative potential against ROS in ameliorating the salinity stress, while salicylic acid slowed germination. The same trend was followed in the seed vigour index and radicle length of seeds primed with ascorbic acid, which recorded the highest values. The control was observed to have the highest seed vigour index, while seeds primed with salicylic acid showed the least vigour index in the maize seeds. Increased salinity stress showed adverse effects on all growth parameters. Of the maize cultivars tested, SWAN-LSR-Y showed the most tolerance to salinity stress, in terms of germination. Significant high enzymatic activities and lipid peroxidation were recorded in seeds primed with ascorbic acid and KNO3 show their importance in plant metabolic activities.Item Proximate and phytochemical compositions of leaf and root (cattle stick) Carpolobia lutea G.Don(Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2019) Olayinka B. U.; Ogungbemi, R. F.; Abinde, O. O.; Lawal, A. R.; AbdulRahaman, A. A.; Etejere, E. O.Carpolobia lutea is a medicinal plant commonly utilized in Nigeria to boost libido. The ethnomedicinal importance of any plant lies in some secondary metabolites. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the proximate and phytochemical composition of roots and leaves of this plant using standard methods. The proximate composition of leaves and roots showed moisture, ash, fibre, protein, fat and carbohydrate contents with values that ranged between 8.84-9.55, 3.48-3.65, 1.10-1.06, 6.64-8.39, 1.80-1.80 and 76.16-77.47% respectively. The leaves contained higher amount of ash, crude protein and fat than the roots. The results of ethanolic extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, steroids, saponins, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, anthocyanin, carotenoids and flavonoids in both the leaves and roots. These phytochemicals were found to be significantly higher in roots except for anthraquinones, flavonoids and steroids which were significantly higher in the leaves. Among the phytochemicals, alkaloids were found to be highest in concentration followed in decreasing order by saponins, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, anthocyanin, terpenoids, phenols and carotenoids. The results indicated that, C. lutea leaf and root have high nutritive and medicinal values and this could be explored for pharmaceutical purposes.