Browsing by Author "L.D. Edungbola"

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    Comparative Assessment of Urine Circulating Cathodic Antigen (CCA) Detection Cassette and Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis in North Central Nigeria.
    (The Tropical Journal of Health Sciences, 2020-04) A Nyamngee,; L.D. Edungbola; M.A. Abubakar; S. Abubakar; R. T. Ikpe; L. N.Agbendeh; E. Injanand; M. Ighodalo
    This study was carried out between May and December 2019 in four States (Benue, Kogi, Kwara and Niger) in North Central Nigeria to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis (urinary and intestinal) among primary school pupils using the newly developed Schisto point-of-care (PoC) Urine Circulating Cathodic Antigen (CCA) detection cassette and microscopy in order to evaluate the performance of the CCA detection cassette test. One thousand, one hundred and seventy-six stool and urine specimens were collected from participants and examined using urine CCA detection cassette test and microscopy (Kato-Katz method for stool and urine filtration techniques for urine specimens). A total of 524 (40.9%) out of the1,176 pupils sampled tested positive using CCA detection cassette, while 381 (33.5%) pupils were positive using microscopy. The difference in the prevalence of schistosomiasis using CCA detection cassette and microscopy was statistically significantly (p = 0.000). The sensitivity and specificity of CCA detection cassette using latent class analysis (LCA) were 76.3% and 76.9% respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of microscopy were 62.5% and 86.5% respectively. The prevalence of schistosomiasis in males and females was 42.6% and 38.2% respectively using CCA detection cassette, while microscopy method had a prevalence of 32.4% in males and 35.3% in females (p = 0.693) respectively. There were no significant differences in prevalence in both sexes using CCA detection cassette and microscopy It was concluded that the newly developed Urine CCA detection cassette having identified more schistosomiasis cases than the old microscopic methods, stands to be more promising for clinical and community diagnosis of schistosomiasis as compared to the old microscopic methods although further evaluation is required.
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    Evidences of Endemic Schistosoma haematobium Infection among School Children in Shonga Community, Edu Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria.
    (The Tropical Journal of Health Sciences, 2018-01) A. Nyamngee; K. A. Yusuf; L.D. Edungbola; A.A. Akanbi II; A A. Njaan; S. K. Olubiyi
    A study was carried to determine the presence, level of endemicity and the intensity of human Schistosoma haematobium infection in Shonga community of Edu Local Government Area in Kwara State, Nigeria. For permission and maximum cooperation, intensive advocacy and mobilization of the community leaders, school authorities and the pupils preceded the collection of urine specimens which were preserved in 10% alcohol. Microscopic examinations were carried out on the urine specimens. Conclusive diagnosis was based on the characteristic terminal spined egg of S. haematobium. Altogether, 1,479 pupils (60.0% boys and 40.0% girls), aged between 4-20 years, were examined in the over sixteen schools in and around the community, selected by convenience. Of all the pupils examined, 1,144 (77.4%) had the characteristic eggs of S. haematobium in their urine samples. Infection rate for boys was 516 (45.1%) while it was 296 (25.9%) for girls. Thus, boys were significantly more infected than girls (P<0.05). Children between 11-13 years of age had the highest prevalence of infection (47.2%) while those between 4-7 years of age had the least prevalence (30.0%). The overall mean egg-count for the 1,144 infected pupils was 1,598.0±49.32, while the mean egg-counts for boys and girls were 1,213.0±25.6 and 685.0±18.3 respectively. The difference in the intensity of infection between boys and girls was also significant (p<0.05). Of the 1,144 pupils who were infected with S. haematobium 195 (17.0%) had egg-count range of 1-1000, 758 (66.3%) had egg-count range of 1001-5000 while 191 (16.7%) had egg-count range of ≥5001. The prevalence of haematuria was also significantly higher among boys than girls (p<0.05). This study reveals that human Schistosoma haematobium infection is endemic in Shonga community. The awareness about the impact, transmission and prevention of this infection was relatively poor. Research on vaccine development to support the existing chemotherapy for the control and possible elimination of this dreaded but highly neglected parasitic infection should be the priority. Therefore, advocacy, health education chemotherapy and vaccine most be adopted concurrently as the best intervention strategy/approach to eradicate Schistosomiasis.