Browsing by Author "Kayode Ademola, Iroye"
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Item CHALLENGES OF WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA(FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, 2014) Kayode Ademola, IroyeWafer is finite and vulnerable resource, essential in maintaining life. environment and development. This vital resource is of vital importance ill meeting practically every developmental challenges of the 21st century such as food production, energy generation and supply, environmental protection. adaptation to climate change and management of the consequence of rapid urbanization. Despite the importance of the resource; ifs development and management in Nigeria is being confronted with a number of problems that have been broadly categorized into five groups in this study. These are physical/environmental problems, data problem, cultural problem, institutional/political problems and management problem. The study subsequently put forward a number of recommendations towards meeting the increasing water demand in the country.Item CHARACTERISTICS OF MICRO-DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS IN URBANIZED TROPICAL CITY OF ILORIN,, NIGERIA(Analele Universitatii din Oradea, Seria Geografie, 2018) Kayode Ademola, IroyeThe importance of micro drainage infrastructure, especially in rapidly growing cities cannot be over-emphasized. It is needed to evacuate storm runoff and household sewage to the natural drainage in order to prevent flooding and pollution; and promote public health and safety. The efficiency and effectiveness of this drainage infrastructure however depend on their distribution, size, and integration with the natural drainage. In this study, the effect of drainage capacity expressed as a product of length, width and height on efficiency and effectiveness have been explored. Data used were sourced from the field personally by the researcher during the peak period of rainy season in year 2015. Result obtained indicates that the dimension of the drainage channels are just too small for efficient transmission out the city, the increased runoff discharge brought about by increased frequency and intensity of rainfall induced by climate change and catalyzed by rapid rate of urbanization in the study area. People’s poor solid waste generation and disposal attitude was also observed as one of the problems confronting the effectiveness of micro drainage in the study area; this is because sediments of various types were found reducing flow efficiency in the drainage channels. Methods that can be used to effectively manage the drainage channels were subsequently recommended.Item DEFORESTATION AND SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA(Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2010) Kayode Ademola, IroyeEnvironmental degradation has assumed a serious dimension in Nigeria in recent times. There is virtually no ecological zone in the country where problem of environmental degradation is not noticed, although its nature and scale may differ. Hence, formulation of policies directed at managing the environment by government at various levels is of utmost desire. However, for a meaningful progress to be made on issues of sustainable management of the environment, ecological concerns must be given due consideration by all stakeholders, This study examines causes of deforestation, roles of vegetation on watershed management and it also examines the relevance of vegetation to the ecosystem. The paper later advances a number of recommendations towards controlling rates of deforestation in Nigeria.Item EFFECTS OF DISTANCE FROM TREATMENT PLANTS ON QUALITY PIPE-BORNE WATER SUPPLY IN ILORIN(Faculty of Science, Adamawa State University (ADSU), Mubi, Nigeria, 2011) Kayode Ademola, Iroye; Ahmed, Y.A.; Nurudeen, I.The study correlates distance from treatment plants with quality of piped water in florin. Twenty four water samples:taken with sterilized 50cl capacity bottles from runing pipes at 500m equidistance points away from three treatment plants in the city were analyzed at chemistry laboratory according to the standard methods of water examination taken into consideration the, WHO (2006) guidelines for drinking water. Results obtained indicate that quality standard of piped water in the city decreases with increasing distance from treatment plants: Values of five out of the six parameter investigated increases with increasing distance from treatment plants. The reduction in piped water quality in the city can be linked to aging infrastructure such rusted and busted pipes, unwolesome workmanship by plumbers and poor maintenance Culture and negligence on the part of the authority concerned The study thus put forward a number of recomendations towards meeting up with quality standard of piped water in the city.Item ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF URBANIZATION AND ECOLOGICAL DEGRADATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN NIGERIA(Clarion University of Pennsylvania, 2016) Kayode Ademola, IroyeThe environment, including the air, soil, water, vegetation and other facets constitute an essential life support system on which man depends. The environment which hitherto was subjected only to natural changes with little or no negative impact in its constituents is now being subjected to tremendous amount of pressure, both in terms of what is put into it and what is drawn out of it, thus endangering the health and livelihood of man and undermining sustainable development. Though the world is already seeing the grave effects of degraded environment induced by man on earth ecosystem, the most serious impacts of these abuses will be on future generations if man today refuse to factor-in, the concept of sustainability in his interaction with the environment. This study is being undertaken in order to highlight the implications of man's actions on the environment for the purpose of sustainable development. This is germane because the link between environmental health and sustainable development needs to be emphasized in other to develop policies which are not only complementary in these areas, but are also mutually beneficial both at national and global levels.Item EVALUATING PEAK RUNOFF HYDROGRAPHS FOR OYUN RIVER CATCHMENT IN KWARA STATE USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES(Association of Nigerian Geographers, 2014) Olanrewaju, R.M.; Adedayo, I.T.; Kayode Ademola, IroyeThe power of Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing techniques was used in this work, to determine the required hydrological characteristics of Oyun basin in Kwara State. Both primary and secondary data were used; the primary data are the field coordinates of prominent features in the study area while the secondary data were the administrative maps, satellite imagery, SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographical Mission) raster data and rainfall data for the study area. The GIS techniques of data analysis used comprised of overlay operation, digital terrain modeling (DTM), spatial query operations and map calculation operations. The rainfall data was fitted using Gumbel distribution to obtain basin discharges for four selected return periods. Snyder's method was used to obtain the unit hydrograph ordinates these ordinates were used in conjunction with the discharges to generate rainfall excesses for the respective return periods while the rainfall excesses were convoluted to obtain the predicted peak runoff(storm) hydrographs for each of the selected return periods. The outcome of this research showed that Oyun river watershed had the following hydrological characteristics; Catchment area is 827 square kilometers, main river length is about 83.57 km, length from Centroid to outlet is 43•24km, average basin slope is 0.01464 , the peak discharges of the basin for 5years, 25years, 50years and ioovears are 129ml/s/cm, 184.4 m3/s/cm, 207.3 m3/s/cm and 230 m3/s/cm, while the corresponding predicted storm hydrographs were 457.12M3/S ,793.32 M3/S ,941.70 M3/S and 1088.70 M3/S respectively.Item GEOLOGY, RELIEF AND DRAINAGE OF KWARA STATE, NIGERIA(Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2017) Kayode Ademola, IroyeItem GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN RURAL VILLAGES CLOSE TO IRRIGATION FARM IN MOKWA LGA OF NIGER STATE, NIGERIA(Analele Universitatii din Oradea, Seria Geografie, 2019) Kayode Ademola, Iroye; Tomisin Love, OkunlolaThis study investigated ground water quality in five rural villages that solely depends or hand-dug wells for both domestic and commercial activities. The five villages are located in the vicinity of an irrigation farm. Water samples collected from all accessible wells in the villages using standard procedures were analyzed for a total of eleven physical, chemical and biologic parameters at University of Ilorin laboratory. These parameters are pH, Temperature, Turbidity, Nitrate, Sulphate, Phosphate, Chloride, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Bio-chemical, Oxygen Demand and Dissolved Oxygen. Laboratory results obtained were compared with both Nigerian Standard on Drinking Water Quality (2015) and World Health Organization (2014) Standard on drinking water. Finding from the research revealed that only turbidity do not fall within the acceptable standard. Although the results obtained for Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen are within the acceptable limits as recommended by NSDWQ (2015) and WHO (2014), the values of these two parameters are considered not ideal enough in some of the settlements while the high temperature in some of the settlements can easily trigger chemical reaction, the values of Dissolved Oxygen recorded in some of the settlements indicates conducive conditions for active micro organism activities. The result of comparative quality rating of all the study parameter in each of the five study settlements revealed that groundwater quality generally increase with increasing distance from the irrigation scheme.Item HYDRO-GEOMORPHIC IMPLICATIONS OF IN-STREAM SAND MINING ACTIVITY IN A TRIBUTARY CHANNEL OF ASA RIVER IN ILORIN, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA(Adamawa State University, 2015) Kayode Ademola, IroyeBoth hydrology and geomorphology of Atikeke stream, a sub drainage basin of Asa River in Ilorin has been impacted by in-stream sand mining activities. The uncontrolled sand excavation which began almost four years ago in the river channel is being largely carried out to meet civil construction needs induced ~y rapid economic growth and high urbanization rate in the city. The study observed that the estimated 10,125 tons of sand being yearly excavated from the study channel is seriously impacting negatively on the hydro-geomorphic environment of the catchment. Though sand mining activities in the study area have both economic and social benefits, the activity is observed to be a destructive development endeavour where physical environment including ecology suffer at the expense of economy.Item LAND-USE FACTOR ON FLOOD OCCURRENCE IN ILORIN, NIGERIA(Department of Geography and Planning, University of Ado-Ekiti, 2013) Kayode Ademola, IroyeThis work investigates land-use factor on the occurrence of flood in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, Data used were generated from direct field measurements, satellite imagery interpretation and questionnaire administration. Such data were on distance of houses from river banks, landuse/vegetation characteristics frequency of flood experience and damage caused by flooding. Collected data were subjected to descriptive statistics and cross tabulations, Results obtained indicate that substantial portion of the floodplains in the river channels of the basins studied have houses located on them. Most alluvial plains hitherto being used for farming now have buildings on them, The study also revealed that most resident of the city dump refuse into flowing water when it rains, This practice has made most of the respondents to suffer losses from flooding with damages incurred reflecting the degree- of encroachment on floodplains. The study thus, suggests landuse planning and environmental education towards solving the incessant flood problem in the city.Item MORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF GINZO RIVER TO URBANIZATION IN KATSINA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA(Centre for Human Settlements and Urban Development, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, 2016-12) Kayode Ademola, Iroye; Aminu, K.Ginzo channel like any other small urban streams is predominated by urban induced problems, hence the examination in this study, the extent of urbanization effect on morphological changes of the river channel in Katsina city. For the investigation, bank-full , parameters of the study river were measured through direct fieldwork exercise while the river :, plan/arm parameters and degree of urbanization in.each of the three segments of the river , channel were, computed from satellite imagery of Katsina metropolis (2014) down loaded from glcf.umd.edu/data/Landsat 2014-04with Katsina NE. Topographical map on scale 1:50,000 serving as a base map. Descriptive and inferential statistics were subsequently used in analyzing the data collected. The study revealed that bankful and planform parameters of the study river were generally lower at the upstream segment when compared with downstream segments. A significant relationship was observed between degree of urbanization. and channel cross-sectional area while the result also indicate a general reduction in stream sinuosity index with degree of urbanization. Towards sustainable management of the study river, a number of recommendations were put forward. Amongst such include the use of bio-engineering approach in the river management, a review and enforcement of environment laws to control channel encroachment and relocation of houses erected close to the river channel.Item MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF URBANISED SUB-DRAINAGE BASINS OF ASA RIVER CATCHMENT IN ILORIN, NIGERIA(Department of Geography and Planning, University of Ado-Ekiti, 2013) Kayode Ademola, Iroye; Sodipo, O.A.This research work analysed morphometric properties of four urbanized sub-drainage basins of Asa river catchment in Ilorin. Data for the study were generated from florin North West topographical sheet. The extracted data were subsequently subjected to various statistical analyses. Results obtained indicate that the studied basins exhibit high variability in values of morphometric parameters. Correlation matrix generated reveals that basin area exercises a tremendous influence on other morphometric parameters. The study thereafter recommended a number of ways towards reducing environmental disaster of flooding induced by basin characteristics.Item NITRATE CONCENTRATION IN SHALLOW WELLS OF A SUB-URBAN SETTLEMENT(Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2010) Kayode Ademola, IroyeBudo-Nuhu, a sub-urban community of I1orin, has a population of about t ,500 people; it has no access to modern water supply system. Residents mainly rely on shallow wells for both domestic and commercial activities. However, lack. of sewerage network and poor living condition of the people have led to progressive deterioration of groundwater quality in the area. This is due to closeness of the settlement to farmsteads, high rate of animal domestication, widespread use of open dumps and liquid waste disposal through surface impoundments. This paper seeks to examine the concentration of nitrate in shallow wells in Budo Nuru, 23 water wells were sampled, and the water samples were analyzed for nitrate concentration using cadmium reduction method. The result of chemical analysis revealed high nitrate concentration in wells as 62-of the wells have nitrate values above the 50mgll upper limit recommended by WHO (I 984) for drinking water. The study thus suggest ways of reducing the impact of excessive nitrate concentration in wells.Item OPENING UP THE RURAL AREAS IN KWARA STATE THROUGH THE PROVISION OF WATER RESOURCES(Department of Geography and Planning, Kogi State University, Anyigba, 2007) Oyegun, R.O.; Jimoh, H.I.; Kayode Ademola, IroyeMany of the states in Nigeria have the provision of portable water supply for the people high on their priority list agenda. There are however quite a number of options to doing this particularly in rural areas. This paper examined the various options in Kwara State based on the physical resources available and the subsequent analysis shows that the state has enough water to open up the rural areas, not only for domestic purpose but also for industrial development too. Further, it was equally observed that the major hindrance to achieving this goal bothers largely on government commitments, finance and management.Item QUANTITATIVE REVOLUTION IN GEOGRAPHY(Department of Geography, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria, 2017-02) Kayode Ademola, IroyeThe study traces the origin and development of quantitative revolution in Geography. It observed that the method which originated from" United State of America was first introduced into the discipline in the 1950's, However, during the earlyperiod of its introduction into Geography, its application did not have the. same impact, both in the, different aspects of the discipline (Physical/Human) and in the global world large. Five reasons were adduced for the initial rejection of the' technique in the early stage of its introduction. The study however observed that though' the approach' Was first rejected, it is now widely accepted, not 'only in-different aspects of the discipline but also in. the global community at large, hence the acceptance in this' study, the introduction of 'quantitative techniques as a revolution in Geography.Item RAINFALL AND POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION PATTERNS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON CLIMATIC WATER BALANCE IN THE WESTERN LITHORA HYDROLOGICAL ZONE OF NIGERIA(Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, 2018-12) Ashaolu, E.D.; Kayode Ademola, IroyeThis study examined the climatic water balance and aridity in the Western Lithoral hydrological zone of Nigeria. Monthly climatic data from 1976-2015 collected from six Nigeria Metrological Agency (NIMET) stations located in Ikeja, Ibadan, Akure, Abeokuta, Osogbo and Ilorin were used. The climatic variables are rainfall amount, temperature, sunshine hour, relative humidity and wind speed. The FAO Penman-Monteith method was adopted in estimating the potential evapotranspiration (PET). Water balance was determined from PET and rainfall amount. The spatial and temporal pattern of rainfall amount and PET were evaluated using universal kriging interpolation method, Mann-Kendall and regression trend analysis. The results of the Mann-Kendall and regression trend analysis revealed a statistically significant (Z= 2.74, P= 0.005) upward trend in rainfall amount between 1976 and 2015. Similarly, a statistically significant (Z= 4.40, p= 0.001) increasing trend was observed in PET during the same period. Six months of water surplus (May-October) and six months of water deficit (November-April) were identified. Overall, 27 years of water deficit was discovered over the 40 years period. Water balance pattern revealed the highest annual mean water surplus (324.51 mm) in the hinterland of Idanre, Akure, and Owo rather than the coastal city of Ikeja which can be attributed to orographic effect in the hinterland. The study area with a mean Aridity index (AI) of 0.94 can still be regarded as humid environment, although the spatial variability of AI indicates that the northern part is tending towards a dry sub-humid condition (AI= 0.76). This study recommends conservation of water surplus in the wet months for the augmentation of deficit in the dry months; this will not only boost agricultural production, but also alleviate water supply problem in the study area.Item RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHLORINE RESIDUE AND BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF PUBLIC TAP WATER SUPPLY IN ILORIN, NIGERIA(Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2013-12) Kayode Ademola, Iroye; Lawal, F.O.The study examined the relationship between chlorine residue and bacteriological qualify of top water in Ilorin. Twenty six water samples were collected from public tops at equidistance position of 500m along three road axis away from treatment plants using sterilized 50cl capacity plastic bottles. The samples were subsequently analysed at both Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratories of University of Ilorin following the standard procedure on drinking water. Of all the five water quality parameters examined in the study, only chloride level conforms to WHO (2008) standard on drinking water. Correlation analysis carried out revealed a strong negative relationship (r=-0.86) between free chlorine residue and fecal coliform count. The poor quality of pipe born water supply in the study area can be linked to inadequate chlorination, ageing infrastructure, unwholesome workmanship by plumbers and poor maintenance culture on the part of consumers authority concerned. The study thus put forward a number of recommendations towards improving the quality of water piped to the people.Item RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WELL YIELD AND WELL CHARACTERISTICS IN SOME PARTS OF AFON RIVER CATCHMENT AREA OF KWARA STATE, NIGERIA(Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2006) Kayode Ademola, IroyeThis study examines the relationship between well wafer yield and well characteristics in some parts of Afon River catchment area of Kwara State, Nigeria. The required data were collected directly from 27 wells over a period of nine months (January September. 1994) using an improvised well-depth estimator. The data sets were processed using regression analysis. Results indicate that the well characteristics examined account for 78.1% variability in well yield. Also, well water yield is found to be a function of well depth and well diameter The study thus recommend the sinking of more wells and deepening of existing ones to increase both the quantity and quality of wafer supply in 'he study area.Item RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION OF A REGIONAL WATER DEVELOPMENT SCHEME IN A TROPICAL RURAL SETTLEMENT OF KWARA STATE, NIGERIA(Association of Nigerian Geographers, 2014) Kayode Ademola, Iroye; Jimoh, H.I.This paper investigates the level of silts and sediments deposited in Oyun dam; a regional water supply project designed to serve seven communities in Kwara State of Nigeria. The dam was commissioned in 1967 with initial height of 7 meters was later raised to 9.8 meters in 1988 so as to meet the increasing water need of the region. Data used was generated from simple land survey technique which entails the imposition of 45 grids of 40m x 40m on the lake. In each grid, depth of the lake was measured and this data helped in estimating the current capacity of the lake. The result of sediments obtained showed that Oyun reservoir currently has a mean depth of 4.33 meters which indicates a loss of about 5.47 meters depth to sedimentation in filling. This figure represents about 55.8 percent loss in storage capacity of the lake. Likely reasons for high sediment level in the reservoir were examined while recommendations that can be used in abating the high sedimentation rate of the reservoir were also suggested .Item SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF NITRATE CONCENTRATION IN RAINWATER IN ILORIN, KWARA STATE NIGERIA(FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, 2014) Kayode Ademola, Iroye; Olanrewaju, R.M.; Oyelakin, R.I.This study examined the spatio-temporal pattern of nitrate concentration in rainwater in florin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Thirty jive rainwater samples were collected from each of the five different land-uses using sterilized 75 centiliters plastic bottles on event basis between the onset and cessation of rainfall (March 4th- October 24th, 2013) in the study area. The collected water samples were subsequently analyzed for nitrate concentration ill University of florin Chemistry laboratory using sodium salicylate (colorimetric) method. Result obtained indicates high variability in both spatial and temporal patterns of nitrate concentration ill the study area. While the temporal pattern revealed high concentrations in the months of March, April, July and September; Oja-Oba, Asa Dam and Oke-Oyi areas of the city exhibits high degree of concentrations in that order spatially. Likely reasons for the observed pattern of concentrations were discussed while suggestions towards reducing the rate of pollution to biologically safe levels were presented.