Browsing by Author "Karim, Olayinka"
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Item Biscuit making potentials of flours from wheat and plantain at different stages of ripeness(Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology, Published by Faculty of Food Technology, University of Osijek, Croatia, 2014) Oyeyinka, Samson; Oyeyinka, Adewumi; Karim, Olayinka; Arise, Abimbola; Toyeeb, K; Olatunde, SogoThe biscuit making potentials of wheat and plantain (stages 1 and 3 ripeness) flour blends were evaluated. Composite flours were formulated using wheat (white) and plantain flour in ratio 90/101, 80/201, 50/501, 100/0, 90/103, 80/203 and 50/503 at stages 1 and 3 respectively with the superscripts representing the stage of ripeness. The functional properties of the flours, proximate composition, mineral composition and sensory attributes of the biscuit were evaluated. The loose bulk density (LBD) of flours ranged from 0.46-0.53 g/mL, the packed bulk density (PBD) ranged from 0.64-0.76 g/mL. The water absorption capacity (WAC) ranged from 1.19-2.02 g water/g flour and oil adsorption capacity (OAC) ranged from 0.50-1.00 g oil/g flour. The LBD and PBD values of the composite blends were higher than the control (100 % white wheat flour-sample D). The proximate composition ranged from 11.00 %-9.96 % for moisture, 1.21 %-1.27 % for ash, 2.98 %-4.30 % for fat, 11.82 %- 12.64 % for protein, 0.97 %-1.52 % for fibre and 69.56 %-71.21 % for carbohydrate. The protein and carbohydrate value of biscuit produced from composite flour 80/203 (sample F) was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower than other biscuits. Composite flour 50/503 had the highest protein content (12.64 %). The observed mineral composition varied among the samples. The content of calcium, iron and phosphorus ranged from 5.89-6.14, 0.48-0.78 and 21.97-23.46 mg/100g respectively. The calcium and iron contents of biscuit produced from flour blends F was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than other biscuits, while the phosphorus content of biscuit produced from composite flour 90/101 (sample C) was higher than other biscuit samples. Sensory evaluation of the formulated biscuit samples showed similar sensory attributes with the control.Item CAKE PRODUCTION FROM WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) AND COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA) FLOURS USING DATE FRUIT AS A SWEETENER(Annals of Food Science and Technology, 2014) Oyeyinka, Samson; Oyeyinka, Adewmi; Opaleke, Deborah; Karim, Olayinka; Kolawole, Fausat; Ogunlakin, Oluwatoyin; Olayiwola, HamdalatChanges in consumer demand for new pastries due to the high rate of diabetes, obesity and celiac disease are causing an unprecedented spur in the processing and ingredient system developments within the pastry production sector. Consumers demand healthier pastries that are low in sugar, fat, cholesterol, and calories in general and contain in addition health-promoting components such as protein, unsaturated fatty acids, and fibres. This project reports the proximate, mineral, functional and sensory characteristics of cakes produced from blends of wheat and cowpea flour using date as a sweetener. Six cake samples were produced with different formulations which include wheat flour and sugar (WHS), wheat flour and date fruit extracts (WHD), composite flour of wheat and cowpea in the ratio 50:50 with sugar (COS) and dates respectively (COD) and cowpea flour with sugar (CWS) and date fruit extracts (CWD) respectively. The protein content of the wheat, cowpea and composite flours ranged from 14.20-15.37%, moisture; 4.76-5.58%, ash; 0.52-0.53, crude fat; 0.99-1.53%, crude fibre; 0.20-0.23% and carbohydrate; 77.42-78.45%. The loose bulk density, packed bulk density, water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity had a range of 0.45- 0.50g/mL, 0.68-0.73g/mL, 0.76-2.06g water/g flour and 0.70-1.20g oil/ g flour respectively. The proximate composition of the cakes varied significantly with cake produced from cowpea sweetened with sugar having the highest protein content and cake from wheat flour sweetened with date having the lowest. Generally, cakes produced from composite flour sweetened with sugar had higher contents of calcium than cakes sweetened with dates while the iron and potassium contents were higher in cakes sweetened with date extract. Cakes produced with sugar as the sweetener had better ratings than those with date fruit, however, all the cakes compared favourably well with the control (cake produced from 100% wheat flour sweetened with sugar) in all the parameters measuredItem Comparative analysis of the physicochemical properties and acceptability of enriched gari (fermented cassava product)(Carpathian Journal of Food Science and Technology, Published by Technical University of Cluj Napoca, Romania, 2015-06-05) Karim, Olayinka; Balogun, Mutiat; Oyeyinka, Samson; Abolade, RemilekunDifferent materials and levels have been suggested for the enrichment of staple foods like gari (a fermented and roasted cassava granule). The study was aimed at using the same method of production and evaluation of the physicochemical and acceptability of enriched gari, with soybean (90:10), melon (95:5), okra seed (95:5) and moringa leaf powder (99:1). A significant increase in crude protein content was recorded for all the enriched gari samples with soy-gari having the highest value (7.22%) and 100% gari the lowest value 1.52%). There was also a significant difference on the fat content with melon-gari having the highest value of 10.74% while 100% gari sample still had the lowest value of 6.34%. Similar variations and significant difference were also observed for the carbohydrate, moisture, ash and fibre contents. The enrichment materials significantly influenced the pasting characteristics of the samples in which peak, trough and back viscosities varied between 1016.50 to 2374.54,926.00 to 1862.50 and 1666.00 to 2924.00 RVU respectively. The enriched gari samples also exhibited high setback and breakdown viscosity values indicating that their pastes will have lower stability against retrogradation than 100% gari sample. A slight difference in hydrogen cyanide, titrable acidity, swelling and water holding capacity contents were also recorded. Sensory evaluation of the gari showed that the 100% gari was most preferred for colour, taste and odour, although, melon-gari emerged the best in overall acceptability. Enrichment of gari using these food materials is therefore recommended.Item Physicochemical properties and akara making potentials of pre-processed jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) composite flour(Croatian Journalof Food Technology, Biotechnology and Nutrition, Published by Croatian Society of Food Technologists, Biotechnologists and Nutritionists, Croatia, 2014-01) Adediran, Ayodele; Karim, Olayinka; Oyeyinka, Samson; Oyeyinka, Adewumi; Awonorin, SamuelAkara (deep-fat fried balls) prepared from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) paste is widely consumed in West Africa as a cheap source of protein. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) is also rich in protein but is under-utilized in many parts of Africa due to the presence of several anti-nutritional factors. Jack bean was therefore subjected to different pre-processing methods (cracked-soaked, cracked-boiled and germinated) to reduce the anti-nutritional content before conversion into flours. Composite blends of the pre-processed jack beans and cowpea flour in different proportions of 95:05, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20 and 50:50 for each of the pre-processing methods was used in the production of akara. The proximate, pasting, functional and anti-nutritional properties of the flours as well as the proximate and anti-nutritional properties of the akara were determined using AOAC methods. The protein content of the cracked-boiled jack bean with 50% cowpea composite flour was the highest (23.65%), while germinated jack bean composite flour with 80% cowpea flour had the lowest (20.85%). Similarly, the protein content of the akara balls produced from cracked-boiled jack bean with 50% cowpea composite flour had the highest protein value (13.15%). Generally, the functional properties, except for water and oil absorption capacities were higher in cracked-boiled than in cracked-soaked and germinated jack bean composite flours. The pre-processing methods signifcantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected the pasting properties of the composite flours, while the anti-nutritional factors such as protease inhibitor and saponins were not detected in the akara balls. Germination of jack bean decreased tannin content than cracked-boiled and cracked-soaked, while soaking decreased the phytates levels than germination and boiling methods. Sensory attributes of the akara were signifcantly different (p≤ 0.05) from each other with the germinated jack bean composite flour with 50% cowpea flour having the highest rating for all the attributes measured.Item Physicochemical properties of stiff dough 'Amala' prepared from plantain (Musa paradisca) flour and moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf powder(Journal of Food in Health and Disease, Published by Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tuzla and Faculty of Food Technology, University of J.J. Strossmayer Osijek, Croatia, 2015-08) Karim, Olayinka; Kayode, Rowland; Oyeyinka, Samson; Oyeyinka, AdewumiPlantains are a good source of resistant starch and are currently being used in the dietary management of diabetes when consumed in the unripe stage. They can be used in making amala, a stiff dough commonly consumed in some parts of Africa including Nigeria. The addition of fortifcant to foods may affect product composition and functionality; therefore this study investigated the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder at varying concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 %) on pasting and functional properties of the fortified plantain flour. The proximate composition, mineral content and sensory properties of amala prepared from the fortified plantain flour were also determined. Protein and carbohydrate were the major components of plantain flour and Moringa oleifera leaf powder. Generally, water absorption capacity, bulk densities, swelling power and pasting properties of the fortified plantain flour decreased with increasing concentration of Moringa oleifera leaf powder. Moringa oleifera leaf powder seems to reduce hydration and swelling power of plantain flour. The protein contents of amala prepared from the fortifed plantain flour significantly increased from 3.52 to 10.36%. Ash and fat contents of the amala also increased from 1.71-2.93% and 1.82 to 2.37% respectively. Similarly, the calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and iron contents of the amala also increased following the addition of Moringa oleifera leaf powder. The use of Moringa oleifera leaf powder thus has the potential to combat protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in developing countriesItem Physicochemical properties of yellow maize-peanut fortified tortillas.(Carpathian Journal of Food Science and Technology, Published by Technical University of Cluj Napoca, Romania, 2014) Karim, Olayinka; Oyeyinka, Samson; Kayode, Rowland; Ogunjobi, Oluwatosin; Ibrahim, AlimaIn this study, maize grain were cooked and soaked in alkaline (nixtamalization). Nixtamalized maize flour was blended with groundnut (5, 10, 15 and 20%). The proximate composition of the flours and tortillas were evaluated. A range of 3.90-5.26, 6.28-14.31, 4.50-16.20, 1.18-1.22, 2.40-2.64 and 61.73-77.44% was observed for moisture, protein, fat, fibers, ash and carbohydrate contents of the nixtamalized maize flours respectively. Upon the addition of groundnut, the protein and fat content increased. Loose bulk density and packed bulk density of the flours varied from 1.45-1.48 g/mL and 1.61-1.75 g/mL respectively. The water absorption capacities (WAC) of the flours increased while oil absorption capacities (OAC) decreased following the addition of groundnut. Calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) content of the flours was observed to increase, while the sodium (Na) content reduced after nixtamilization. The proximate composition of the tortillas made from the nixtamalized flours varied from 9.44 to 11.12 for moisture, 5.40-12.96 for protein, 32.10-42.25 for fat, 4.07-6.16 for fibre, 1.53-1.95 for ash and 33.09-43.98% for carbohydrate content. Sensory evaluation of the tortillas showed that all the fortified samples are favorable compared with the controlItem Proximate composition, microbial quality and consumer acceptability of gruel from fermented maize and soybean(Applied Tropical Agriculture, 2016) Balogun, Mutiat; Kolawole, Fausat; Karim, Olayinka; Fasakin, T.Item A review on the functionality and potential applications of bitter yam starch(Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Valahia University of Targoviste, Romania, 2017-07-18) Oyeyinka, Samson; Oyeyinka, Adewumi; Kayode, Rowland; Olagunju, Omotola; Karim, Olayinka; Joseph, JohnStarches are important ingredient in the food industry. Currently, corn, potato and tapioca are the main sources of starch for various industrial applications. However, there is a growing demand for starch by the industry, due to the pressure on the conventional sources of starch for other non-food uses. Underutilised crops such as bitter yam may play a role as alternative source of starch to the commercial sources.Bitter yam belongs to the Dioscorea specie and it is rich in starch, which may be potentially used in food and non-food applications. This paper presents a review of literature on the functionality and potential applications of bitter yam starch. Majority of the studies in the literature focused on pharmaceutical applications. Bitter yam starch has remarkably small sized granules which may be employed as fat replacers for better mouth feel in foods such as mayonnaise and salad creams. Future studies are needed to fully characterize the starch extracted from bitter yam starch using Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Rheometer and other high technologies previously used for conventional starch sources. The chain length distribution of the amylopectin components of bitter yam starch should also be investigated. Furthermore, effort should be made to modify the native starches for improved functionality for both food and non-food applications.