Browsing by Author "Kareem S.B."
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Item Central Cholinergic Markers and Spatial memory Performance in rats following administration of Rauwolfia Vomitoria and Chlorpromazine(Centre Point Journal (Science Edition). Published by Library and Publication Committee, University of Ilorin, 2015) Ajao M.S.; Imam A.; Adana M.Y.; Kareem S.B.; Alabi A.S.; Olawepo A.; Okesina A.; Kadir R.E.; Oyewopo A.O.The study was designed to compare the effects of Rauwolfia vomitoria and chlorpromazine on metabolic activities, spatial memory performance, central cholinergic markers, oxidative stress markers and neurohistoarchitecture in the brain of adult wistar rats. Twenty five adult male wister rats weighing between 200 - 230 g were divided into five groups (A-E) of five rats each. Group A (control) received 2mls of normal saline daily, Group B received 5mg/kg of chlorpromazine, Group C received 10 mg/kg of chlorpromazine, Group D received 150 mg/kg of R. vomitoria and Group E received 300 mg/kg of R. vomitoria orally. All the medications were given daily for 21 days. Body weights were taken weekly and recorded. A y-maze apparatus was used to assess the spatial memory performance in the rats at days 14 and 21 of the experiment. All the animals were euthanized using 20mg/kgbw of intramuscular ketamine, cardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde and the brains were removed, some were homogenised for analysis of central cholinergic markers and others for histological analysis. Low doses of chlorpromazine increase body weight and Rauwolfia vomitoria increase central cholinergic markers. The findings of the study show that R.vomitoria and chlorpromazine exert differential and dosage dependent effects on body weight, central cholinergic neurons and learning performance. The conclusion from the study indicates that R. vomitoria could be a better alternative drug in the treatment of psychosis with lesser metabolic and central nervous system side effects.Item Central cholinergic markers and spatial performance in rats following administration of rauwolfia vomitoria and chlorpromazine(Center Point Journal (Science Edition). The Official Journal of the Library and Publications Committee, University of Ilorin, Ilorin., 2015) Ajao M.S.; Imam A.; Adana M.Y.; Kareem S.B.; Alabi A.S.; Olawepo A.; Okesina A.A.; Kadir R.E.; Oyewopo A.O.The study was designed to compare the effects of Rauwolfia vomitoria and chlorpromazine on metabolic activities, spatial memory performance, central cholinergic markers, oxidative stress markers and neurohistoarchitecture in the brain of adult wistar rats. Twenty five adult male wister rats weighing between 200 - 230 g were divided into five groups (A-E) of five rats each. Group A (control) received 2mls of normal saline daily, Group B received 5mg/kg of chlorpromazine, Group C received 10 mg/kg of chlorpromazine, Group D received 150 mg/kg of R. vomitoria and Group E received 300 mg/kg of R. vomitoria orally. All the medications were given daily for 21 days. Body weights were taken weekly and recorded. A y-maze apparatus was used to assess the spatial memory performance in the rats at days 14 and 21 of the experiment. All the animals were euthanized using 20mg/kgbw of intramuscular ketamine, cardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde and the brains were removed, some were homogenised for analysis of central cholinergic markers and others for histological analysis. Low doses of chlorpromazine increase body weight and Rauwolfia vomitoria increase central cholinergic markers. The findings of the study show that R.vomitoria and chlorpromazine exert differential and dosage dependent effects on body weight, central cholinergic neurons and learning performance. The conclusion from the study indicates that R. vomitoria could be a better alternative drug in the treatment of psychosis with lesser metabolic and central nervous system side effects.Item Morphology and Histoarchitectural of the Cerebellum of Grasscutter (Thyronomys swinderianus) and Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)(Centre Point Journal (Science Edition). The official Journal of Library and Publications Committee, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 2016) Ajao M.S.; Usman I.T.; Abioye A.I.R.; Imam A.; Olawepo A.; Adana M.Y.; Kareem S.B.; Olayaki L.A.The study investigated the general morphology and histoarchitecture of the cerebellar of grasscutter and the Hedgehog. Six grasscuttters and six hedgehogs were used for the study. They were obtained from Jobavic farm in Ilorin, Nigeria. The animals were euthanised, transcardially perfused with 0.9% normal saline and by 4% paraformaldehyde solution. the brains of the animals were removed and the cerebellum detached, weighed and processed for histological purpose and comparism. the findings of this study show a well organised gyration and sulci in the grasscutter compared to the hedgehog. the brain and cerebellar weights of the grasscutter are comparably larger than that of the hedgehog. However the cerebellar cortices and the histoarchitecture of the two animals were similar with little variations in the cellular layers especially the Purkinje cell layer. The study concludes that that though there are no marked histological differences between the cerebellar cortices in the two animals, the observed complex motor functions in the grasscutter may be explained by the complexities in their cerebellar gyration and sulci.Item Protective Effect of Nigella sativa (black caraway) oil on oral dichlorvos induced hematological, renal and nonspecific immune system toxicity in wistar rats(Arak University of Medical Sciences and Iranian Society of Toxicology, 2017) Adana, M. Y.; Ajao M. S.; Sansa A. B.; Imam A.; Ibrahim A.; Alli-Oluwafuyi A.; Kareem S.B.Background: Exposure to environmental toxins such as organophosphates poses a great threat to the health of the public. In this work, we investigated the effects of continuous exposure to dichlorvos (DDVP) on kidney function and hematological parameters, and the possible antidote activity of Nigella sativa oil (NSO). Methods: This research was conducted in 2016, at The Animal Holding and Research Laboratory of Faculty Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, six rats each. The four groups received: 1. phosphate buffer solution as controls, 2. DDVP, 3. DDVP+NSO and 4. NSO alone. After 2 wk of treatment, blood samples were collected and hematological profile (RBC, Hb), erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC, and Plt), renal function parameters (albumin, urea, total protein, chloride, sodium, and potassium ions) and nonspecific immune response (WBC) were measured. Results: Rat exposed to DDVP showed red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, albumin, and total protein levels was reduced from control, while white blood cell count and urea significantly increased as compared to controls, the change in K+ level was not significant. NSO maintained optimal levels of red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, albumin, white blood cell count, and urea, indicative of its protective effect against hemo-, immuno- and nephrotoxicity of DDVP. Conclusion: N. sativa (Black Caraway) oil might be a potential antidote in hematotoxicity, immunosuppression and renal dysfunction in organophosphate poisoning, especially dichlorvos. The protective effect of NSO against dichlorvos toxicity can be attributed to its antioxidant capacity.Item Urinary System(Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin., 2024) Imam A.L.; Kareem S.B.; Kadir E.R.; Oyewopo A.O.