Browsing by Author "Kadir E.R."
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Item Castor oil induces morphological changes in endometrium and biochemical parameters in pregnant Wistar rats(Association of Medical Doctors in Academics, 2021) Kadir E.R.; Ibrahim A.; Imam A.; Onigbolabi O.G.; Imam A.A.; Ajao M.S.Background: Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used for the management of miscarriages and labour. Castor oil is a natural plant extract that has been reported to have some abortifacient Properties Objectives: This study investigated the labour induction and abortifacient properties of castor oil, as well as possible effects on the electrolytes and hormones that regulate pregnancy, as well as to compare these effects with a standard labour inducing drug misoprostol, in Wistar rats. Methods: The study was conducted out in 2 phases. The pregnant rats were administered varying Castor oil doses of low (12.4ml/kg), medium (18.6ml/kg) and high (24.8ml/kg), which were compared with misoprostol group as well as a control group. All animals were euthanized on gestational day 15 and day 20 respectively for the two phases and blood samples collected via cardiac puncture from the apex of the heart for hormonal assay, electrolyte and kidney function tests. The uterus was also removed for histological processing. Results: The abortifacient effect of castor oil is dose dependent with high dose castor oil group seen to have significantly reduced serum progesterone level (32.8±4.25 and 40.8±0.70 compared with 51.0±2.00 of controls), resulted in weight loss and interference with kidney function (increase in serum potassium while decrease in sodium electrolytes). Castor oil also exhibited labor inducing properties. Conclusion: Castor oil has the potential to induce abortion. This study has demonstrated a possible usage of castor oil in medical induction of labor in rats as it exerted uterotonic principle on the uterus.Item Comparative Analysis of Handgrip Strength and Urine C-Peptide Creatinine Ratio as Biomarkers for Glucose Regulation in Young Adult Females in the University of Ilorin: A Cross-Sectional Study(Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 2023) Ojulari L.S.; Sulaiman S.E.; Ayinde T.O.; Kadir E.R.; Jimoh-Abdulghaffaar H.O.; Sulaiman H.Handgrip strength (HGS) is a robust biomarker predicting future disability, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Urinary C-peptide creatinine ratio (UCPCR) emerges as a novel, non-invasive tool under exploration for assessing beta cell function and glucose regulation. Despite their significance in gauging muscle strength, mass, and overall metabolic function, gaps remain in understanding the full extent of handgrip strength and UCPCR's efficiency. This study aimed to identify a better biomarker for glucose regulation by studying the relationship between handgrip strength, urine c-peptide creatinine ratio, and blood glucose levels in adult females. Using ELISA, the study measured handgrip strength, blood glucose levels, and urine samples. Social demographic data was obtained through standard questionnaires, and statistical analysis was done using IBM 25 SPSS software with Pearson's correlation, linear regression at P=< 0.05, and T-test. The study found that handgrip strength (HGS) had a slight non-significant positive correlation with fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P=0.386). However, there was a significant correlation between HGS and 2 hours postprandial glucose (2HPG) in both dominant and non-dominant hands (P= 0.045 vs P= 0.017). Additionally, the study found that handgrip strength in the dominant hand was significantly stronger than that in the non-dominant hand (P= 0.001). On the other hand, the urinary C-peptide creatinine ratio (UCPCR) had no significant correlations with FBS and 2HPG. Handgrip strength measurements provide an indicative approach for glucose regulation and are a better biomarker for blood glucose regulation than UCPCRItem Connective Tissue(Department of Anatomy, Kwara State University., 2024) Akinlolu A.A>; Abioye A.I.R.; Kadir E.R.; Ghazal O.K.; Lewu F.S.Item Cytoarchitectural differences in reproductive organs of some polycystic ovary-like induced animal models(Elsevier Limited, 2024) Kadir E.R.; Yakub A.D.; Ojulari L.S.; Hussein A.O.; Lawal I.A.; Jaji-Sulaimon R.; Ajao M.S.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common gynaecological, endocrine disorder that occurs during reproductive age and is a significant cause of anovulatory infertility. Letrozole is an aromatase inhibitor which negates the action of the aromatase enzyme, which results in the buildup of male hormones (testosterone) in the females, causing hyperandrogenism, which is a hallmark of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Mifepristone (RU486) is a progestin antagonist that acts to arrest the actions of the progesterone hormone, resulting in follicular atresia and anovulation. DHEA is an androgen which was also administered in a bid to cause hyperandrogenism in the rats.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these hormones on the cytoarchitecture of the ovaries and uterus to assess their various PCOS-like histological features.Animals were grouped mainly into three: Letrozole, Mifepristone and DHEA groups, which were further divided into two subgroups each, administered low and high doses of letrozole orally, Mifepristone and Dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA) subcutaneously. Each of the subgroups also had a comparison control group. Following the completion of administration, the Wistar rats were euthanized, and their ovaries and uterus were collected for histological analysis.Increased proliferation of ovarian follicles was noted in the treated groups compared to control, as well as thickening of the endometrial layer.Item Dominant Traits of the Cheek and Tongue in North Central Nigeria(Anatomical Society of Nigeria, 2025) Kadir E.R.; Yakub A.D.; Obe T.M.; Bada G.N.; Imam A.; Omotoso G.O.Cheek dimples (small indentations on the cheeks) and tongue rolling (the ability to fold the tongue) are dominant genetic traits observed in humans. Investigating these traits provides valuable insights into genetic inheritance patterns and their cultural significance across various populations. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and ecological implications of dominant traits like cheek dimples and tongue rolling in individuals across Kwara, Kogi, and Niger states. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 348 North-Central Nigerians, including 231 males and 117 females aged 16 to 30. Data were collected on the presence or absence of cheek dimples, tongue rolling, and tongue-twisting, and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). A chi-square test was conducted with a confidence interval of ±0.5 at a 95% confidence level. Results indicated that 33% of participants had dimples, with 57% having dimples on both cheeks, 15% on the right cheek, and 35% on the left. Additionally, 48.3% of participants had parents with dimples. For tongue rolling, 66.7% of participants could roll their tongues, with 52.6%, 46.6%, 41.4%, and 53.7% able to twist their tongues to the right, left, and both directions and shape them into a U, respectively. These findings offer insights into the prevalence and variability of these traits within the population.Item Evaluating the hypoglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa in alloxan-induced diabetic rats(I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, 2025) Ojulari L.S.; Njinga N.S.; Ganiyu R.A.; Ayinde T.O.; Kadir E.R.Hibiscus sabdariffa is beneficial in treating diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the hypoglycaemic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into six groups of five and acclimatised for two weeks before the experiment commenced. Group I: non-diabetic control; Group II: diabetic control; Group III: non-diabetic with 200 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group IV: non-diabetes with 300 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group V: diabetic with 200 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group VI: diabetic with 300 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa. The rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg of body weight), and diabetic rats were treated with Hibiscus sabdariffa for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose levels, insulin levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha were measured, and organ and blood samples were collected. The results were analysed using analysis of variance with p < 0.05 considered significant, and data were visualised using GraphPad. This study demonstrated that Hibiscus sabdariffa exerts significant effects on diabetic parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant enzymes. Daily oral treatment for 21 days lowered fasting blood glucose, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and malondialdehyde levels. It also enhanced insulin production, superoxide di smutase, and catalase activity in the skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, and kidney. It can be concluded that Hibiscus sabdariffa is beneficial in treating diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the hypoglycaemic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into six groups of five and acclimatised for two weeks before the experiment commenced. Group I: non-diabetic control; Group II: diabetic control; Group III: non-diabetic with 200 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group IV: non-diabetes with 300 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group V: diabetic with 200 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group VI: diabetic with 300 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa. The rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg of body weight), and diabetic rats were treated with Hibiscus sabdariffa for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose levels, insulin levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha were measured, and organ and blood samples were collected. The results were analysed using analysis of variance with p < 0.05 considered significant, and data were visualised using GraphPad. This study demonstrated that Hibiscus sabdariffa exerts significant effects on diabetic parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant enzymes. Daily oral treatment for 21 days lowered fasting blood glucose, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and malondialdehyde levels. It also enhanced insulin production, superoxide di smutase, and catalase activity in the skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, and kidney. It can be concluded that Hibiscus sabdariffa is beneficial in treating diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the hypoglycaemic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into six groups of five and acclimatised for two weeks before the experiment commenced. Group I: non-diabetic control; Group II: diabetic control; Group III: non-diabetic with 200 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group IV: non-diabetes with 300 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group V: diabetic with 200 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group VI: diabetic with 300 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa. The rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg of body weight), and diabetic rats were treated with Hibiscus sabdariffa for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose levels, insulin levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha were measured, and organ and blood samples were collected. The results were analysed using analysis of variance with p < 0.05 considered significant, and data were visualised using GraphPad. This study demonstrated that Hibiscus sabdariffa exerts significant effects on diabetic parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant enzymes. Daily oral treatment for 21 days lowered fasting blood glucose, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and malondialdehyde levels. It also enhanced insulin production, superoxide di smutase, and catalase activity in the skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, and kidney. It can be concluded that Hibiscus sabdariffa is beneficial in treating diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the hypoglycaemic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into six groups of five and acclimatised for two weeks before the experiment commenced. Group I: non-diabetic control; Group II: diabetic control; Group III: non-diabetic with 200 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group IV: non-diabetes with 300 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group V: diabetic with 200 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa; Group VI: diabetic with 300 mg/kg of Hibiscus sabdariffa. The rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg of body weight), and diabetic rats were treated with Hibiscus sabdariffa for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose levels, insulin levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha were measured, and organ and blood samples were collected. The results were analysed using analysis of variance with p < 0.05 considered significant, and data were visualised using GraphPad. This study demonstrated that Hibiscus sabdariffa exerts significant effects on diabetic parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant enzymes. Daily oral treatment for 21 days lowered fasting blood glucose, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and malondialdehyde levels. It also enhanced insulin production, superoxide di smutase, and catalase activity in the skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, and kidney. It can be concluded that Hibiscus sabdariffa has the potential to manage hyperglycaemia and inflammation while improving antioxidant enzyme activity. Furthermore, it may serve as a natural source or agent for the treatment or prevention of diabetesItem Metformin improves Reproductive Function in Diabetic female Sprague-dawley rats(Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 2017) Ojulari L.S.; Kadir E.R.; Abdulazeez F.I.; Nafiu A.B.; Adegoke O.A.The female reproductive system provides several functions including ovulation, pregnancy and childbirth. The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing rapidly worldwide and it is associated with reproductive complications. Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic drug used in the management of DM. The present study investigates the effect of metformin in relation to reproductive function in alloxan-induced diabetic female rats. Rats were divided into four groups. Diabetes was induced with alloxan in the rats followed by a six week treatment with metformin. The pattern of the estrous cycle followed by the ova count were observed and recorded. Plasma hormonal levels of estradiol, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were measured using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). Oxidative stress parameters and expression of estrogen receptors in the ovaries were determined. Results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the proestrus and estrus phases, with a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the diestrus phase in the treated diabetic group. A significant decrease (p<0.05) in the ova count, estrogen receptor expression and plasma hormone levels of catalase and glutathione were observed in all diabetic rats and these were significantly increased (p<0.05) following the administration of metformin. In conclusion, metformin improves some reproductive function in the diabetic state by increasing the expression of estrogen receptors, increasing the number of ova shed during ovulation and conferring foetal and maternal protective effects. Hence more consideration should be given to its possible use in the management of reproductive complications in DM.Item Reproductive System and Perineum(Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin., 2024) Kadir E.R.; Oyewopo A.O.; Alabi A.S.Item Restorative effects of melatonin on bisphenol A-induced interference of gene expression in hypothalamic pituitary axis following early exposure(International Journal of Health Sciences, 2024) Kadir E.R.; Yakub A.D.; Imam A.; Olajide O.J.; Lawal I.A.; Oyewole A.L.; Hussein M.O.; Ojulari L.S.; Ajao M.S.Background: Bisphenol-A is a standard monomer used industrially in manufacturing plastics and epoxy resins, and it is widely used in food preservation and packaging. There is a global increase in its use due to increased demand and the growth in world population. Bisphenol A is an endocrine-disrupting chemical miming the endogenous estradiol hormone. However, due to its exposure to the environment, food and other consumables, its effects on reproductive health have been a growing area of interest. Melatonin regulates sleep-wake cycles and plays essential physiological roles in the body through its antioxidative, anti-cancer and neuroprotective properties. This research aims to ascertain the impact of Bisphenol A on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and determine melatonin's function on possible BPA-induced effects. Methods: Six adult male Wistar rats and 12 adult female Wistar rats of proven fertility were bred and organized into groups. Litters were divided into seven groups, each comprising six rats. These animals were subjected to subcutaneous injections of high and low doses of bisphenol A from postnatal days 0-3, then oral melatonin. The rats were allowed to mature into full-grown adults and euthanized at 120 ±4 days. The serum and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian tissues were collected for various assays, histology and genetic studies. Results: Compared to the control groups, groups administered varying doses of bisphenol A showed significant overexpression of estrogen and androgen receptors. Administration of Melatonin showed some reversal and reparative effects on BPA-induced damage of the hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis. Conclusion: Elevated estrogen receptor levels induced by Bisphenol A altered receptor function, ultimately impairing hormonal cascades that regulate reproductive functions. Melatonin showed some promising reparative effects.Item Urinary System(Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin., 2024) Imam A.L.; Kareem S.B.; Kadir E.R.; Oyewopo A.O.