Browsing by Author "Joannis, Tony"

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    Bacterial and Parasitic Agents Associated with Outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) in Nigeria
    (Vom Journal of Veterinary Science, 2006) Kumbish, Peterside; Bello, M. K; Jambalang, Alex; Hussaini, Bakare; Solomon, Ponman; Ekong, P.S; Damina, M; Elisha, I; Chukwukere, S; Bako, Ben; Nanbol, D; Akanbi, Olatunde Babatunde; Joannis, Tony; Ularamu, H; Shittu, I; Suleiman, L
    The Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) was reported in Nigeria in early January 2006. A total of 430 suspected samples were submitted to the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom for analysis. 149 of the analysed samples were positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza, out of which 89 were found to have different bacterial organisms. 60 had parasitic agents and 22 had both bacterial and parasitic agents associated with E.coli alone had a mortality of 9.15%, Klebsiella spp alone had a percentage mortality of 26.86%. Combined infections with E. coli and Klebsiella spp resulted in mortality of 66.41%, 28 cases were negative for any bacterial growth and had mortality of 13.12%. Some parasites found to be associated with the outbreak of HPAI are; Eimeria spp (45 cases) and Ascaridia galli (10 cases) found in cases with mortalities of 18.34% and 58.33% respectively. Mortalities in positive cases that had concurrent bacteria and parasitic complications were found to be progressively increasing; E. coli and Eimeria spp 4.57%; Klebsiella spp/ Eimeria spp - 10.23% and E. coli/ Klebsiella /Eimeria spp - 19.25%. It is not clear how far these infections contributed to mortalities caused by the HPAI.
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    Clinico-Pathological Features of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI-H5N1) Outbreaks in Commercial Chickens in Nigeria
    (Vom Journal of Veterinary Science, 2006) Kumbish, Peterside; Joannis, Tony; Jambalang, Alex; Damina, M; Hussaini, Bakare; Akanbi, Olatunde Babatunde; Oyetunde, I; Abdu, M; Danbirni, S; James, Ahmed; Yahaya, K; Bako, Ben; Nanbol, Daniel; Elisha, I; Solomon, Ponman; Ogunsan, E; Adulugba, A; Okewole, Philip
    In early January 2006, the first confirmed oubreaks of avian influenza in domestic birds occurred in the commercial chicken flocks in Kaduna, Jos and Kano States in the northern part of Nigeria. The outbreaks were confirmed to be the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by the subtype H5N1. The outbreak was spontaneously reported in Jos, and about 10 days later it was reported in Kano and it quickly spread to other parts of the country. The infection was characterized by very high mortality in commercial layers. It was also observed to affect turkeys, broilers, cockerels, backyard/local chickens, ostriches, pigeons, guinea fowls, geese and ducks. The gross and microscopic lesions were found to similar to what have been described earlier for the disease.
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    Epidemiology and Clinicopathological Manifestation of Resurgent Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) Virus in Nigeria, 2015
    (Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 2016-09) Akanbi, Olatunde; Meseko, Clement; Odita, Christiana; Shittu, Ismalia; Rimfa, Amos; Ugbe, Dominic; Pam, Luka; Gado, Dorcas; Olawuyi, Kayode; Mohammed, S; Kyauta, I; Bankole, Niyi; Ndahi, W; Joannis, Tony; Ahmed, M; Okewole, P; Shamaki, David
    In January, 2015 the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria received some chicken carcasses from the Kano state Ministry of Agriculture. The carcasses were from a backyard-commercial poultry farm and a live bird market (LBM) in Kauna and Sabon gari, Kano state, northwestern Nigeria respectively. The farm kept different types of chickens of various ages and stages and was experiencing high mortality of 350 birds daily with eventual 100% mortality observed in the older birds (54weeks). In a concurrent incidence, reports were received of unusual high mortality of birds brought from the northern part of the country at two LBMs in Onipanu and Mushin, Lagos state, southwestern Nigeria. A total of 8 chicken carcasses from the Kano suspicion were subjected to postmortem examination and testing. One broiler-chicken (4weeks old), 4 layer-chicken (22 weeks old) and 3 indigenous bred-chickens (from LBM) showed severe pathological lesions consistent with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Moribund birds from the Lagos suspicion had cyanotic comb and wattles, torticollis and paralysis of the limbs. Parenchymatous organs, nasal and trachea swabs were collected from the dead and moribund birds respectively. The specimens were analyzed by RT-PCR and virus isolation in embryonating chicken eggs. All samples were found to be positive for HPAI (H5N1) subtype. This marks the re-introduction of HPAI (H5N1) subtype into Nigeria for a second time in the space of 9-years. So far, over 542 cases (January to December, 2015) have been confirmed positive for HPAI (H5N1) in 20 states of the country. Possible circumstances surrounding the resurgent and spread are discussed herein.