Browsing by Author "Jegede H.O."

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    Aflatoxicosis in African greater cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus)
    (Veterinary World, 2018-07) Jegede H.O.; Akeem A.O.; Daodu O.B.; Adegboye A.A.
    Aim: Aflatoxicosis is a widespread problem in captive animals fed on stored food and has been reported in various animals both domestic and wild. This report documents the clinicopathologic, microbial diagnostic findings and therapeutic regime for a study on the presentation, management, and outcome of aflatoxicosis in greater cane rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 65 greater cane rats suspected to be exposed to the toxin were examined clinically along with their environment. Feed samples, recently deceased carcasses and some moribund carcasses were collected for the study. Carcasses were subjected to gross and histopathologic investigations while feed and organs were subjected to microbiological investigations. Results: Gross lesions included hepatic lipidosis with ecchymotic hemorrhages, distended gallbladder, and renomegaly with ecchymosis among others. Histopathology revealed loss of hepatocellular architecture with massive centrilobular hepatocyte necrosis and diffuse steatotic damage characterized by macrovacuoles. Other histologic findings included pulmonary congestion, moderate renal tubular degeneration, and necrosis of epithelial tubular cells. Aspergillus flavus was isolated from the feed and ingesta. Total aflatoxin detected in feed sample was found to be over 400 ppm. Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus species, and Bacillus species were isolated from the liver and intestinal content. Management was attempted using Fungizal® (Avico, Jordan) (which contains Thymol, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and kaolin) and Orego-Stim® (Saife, USA) (which contains carvacrol and thymol) which were instituted in feed and Superliv® (Ayurvet, India) (polyherbal) liquid was instituted in water for 5 days at manufacturers’ dosage. All clinical signs disappeared, and no more deaths were recorded following management. Conclusion: This report concludes that aflatoxicosis causes severe mortality in greater cane rats and can be prevented and managed successfully.
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    KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS ZOONOSES AMONG WORKERS IN SELECTED ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS IN NIGERIA
    (Department of Forestry Wildlife and Range Management University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, 2021-09) Aiyedun J.O.; Oludairo O.O.; Jegede H.O.; Daodu O.B.; Akanbi O.B.
    An exploratory questionnaire-based survey of zoological workers (n=152) was carried out from April 2016 to March 2017 in Ibadan (Oyo State), Ilorin (Kwara State) and Jos (Plateau State), Nigeria to assess local knowledge and attitude towards zoonoses among zoological workers. A combination of closed and open-ended questions, focused group discussions and ranking techniques were employed to gather information on perceptions concerning the type of zoonotic diseases prevalent in the study area, level of risk, mode of transmission and methods of preventing disease transmission from animals to humans. The results revealed that 44.1% of the respondents had good level of awareness about zoonoses. Rabies (99%), tuberculosis (41%), bird flu (47%) and Ebola virus disease (EVD) (44%) were considered the four most common zoonotic diseases in the study area. Among the respondents, 42.1% and 57.2% perceived zoonoses are transmitted by direct contact and attending to sick animals respectively. Constant hand washing was indicated by 45.4% of the respondents as the mode of prevention of zoonoses in the study area. It is necessary that the Government provide the vaccination facility to all the zoological workers against the relevant zoonotic diseases. The level of awareness about the risks associated is needed to improve through proper education, training, and establishment of written infection control policies in the various zoological gardens in the country.
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    Surveillance for avian influenza virus in captive wild birds and indigenous chickens in Nigeria
    (Springer, 2020-03-20) Daodu O.B.; Jegede H.O.; Aiyedun J.O.; Oludairo O.O.; Olorunshola I.D.; Daodu O.C.; Ajadi A.; Ambali S.F.
    Several reports of avian influenza virus (AIV) have been made on commercial chickens and wild birds in sub-Saharan Africa, but there is paucity of information of AIV among captive wild birds and indigenous chickens. Blood samples were obtained randomly from captive wild birds and chickens. AIV nucleoprotein antibody detection involved the use of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and subsequent subtyping with H5 and H7 AIV antigens (haemagglutination inhibition). Four hundred birds belonging to nine families and 14 species were sampled, and overall prevalence of 23% (92/400) was obtained (captive wild birds (10.4%, 5/48), indigenous birds (47.3%, 87/184) and exotic commercial birds (0.0%, 0/168)). Twelve ELISA-positive birds (13.04%) were positive to H7 antigen. Univariate analysis indicated statistical significance of AIV prevalence in captive wild birds (p < 0.0001) and exotic birds (p < 0.0001) using indigenous chickens as reference. This study gave an evidence of exposure of captive wild birds and indigenous chickens to AIV in Nigeria. Scavenging activities common among indigenously raised chickens, unrestricted movement of nonflying wild birds within the captive complex and free access by migrating wild birds to captive wild birds and local chickens were likely factors observed to promote AIV transmission. Continuous surveillance can further highlight the roles played by these birds in the epidemiology of AIV