Browsing by Author "Jamiu Muslim Olakunle"

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    Cost-Effectiveness of Drug Therapies in Management of Hypertension in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital: a Utility-Based Analysis
    (Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci, 2025-11-25) Jamiu Muslim Olakunle; Giwa Halima Bukola; Elegbede Busayo Jumoke; Aiyelero Medinat Oyeronke; Shittu Abiodun Oyetunji; Njinga Stan; Abdul Abdulraheem; Giwa Abdul-fatihi Salaudeen; Giwa Abdulganiyu; Elegbede Elijah Olusegun
    ABSTRACT: Efficient resource allocation is vital for managing hypertension in Nigeria due to the high disease burden and limited healthcare resources. This study aims to assess the cost effectiveness of hypertension therapies at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital over one year by reviewing drug use, analyzing costs effectiveness of treatment options and examining their impact on healthcare policy and resource allocation. A sample size of 356 case notes was derived from 40,009 ambulatory hypertensive patients. The drug utilization study involved a one-year retrospective review of the 356 case notes, conducted from January to December 2023. The EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-Level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) was used to determine the effectiveness of treatment options based on qualityadjusted life years (QALYs). Of the 693 prescriptions identified, 94 (13.56%) contained monotherapy, 328(47.3%) two-drug combination and 271(39.11%) three-drug combination. Amlodipine + lisinopril appeared to be more costeffective than amlodipine + telmisartan, which in turn was more cost-effective than both amlodipine + indapamide and amlodipine + ramipril, leaving amlodipine+ lisinopril as the most cost effective out of analysed options for the Nigeria healthcare system. ICERs obtained were robust to parameter variation on probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Inclusion of amlodipine + lisinopril in the WHO essential medicine list, hospital formularies, and standard treatment guidelines as components of drug policy is justified and would promote rational drug use, improve treatment outcomes and optimize resource utilization in the management of hypertension in Nigeria.
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    Educational intervention on knowledge of hypertension and lifestyle/dietary modification among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary health facility in Nigeria
    (2024-03-31) Jamiu Muslim Olakunle; Maiha Bello Bilkisu; Danjuma Nuhu Mohammed; Giwa Abdulganiyu
    Patients’ knowledge of hypertension and treatment has been found to affect health outcomes of hypertension. This study aimed to assess the impact of therapeutic patients’ education on knowledge of hypertension and lifestyle/dietary modification among hypertensive patients in Nigeria. The study was conducted among 317 hypertensive patients randomized into controlled and intervention groups (158 vs 159, respectively) between March 2021 and February 2022. Baseline knowledge of the patients was assessed and intervention was provided for the intervention group with a structured educational program at a baseline and six months. Descriptive data were presented with a frequency table in percentage while the chi-square test and univariate logistic regression were used to determine the association between categorical variables. Out of the total 318 patients, 275 completed the study (response rate: 86.8%) with 136 in the control group and 139 in the intervention group. The mean age of the patients was 59.5 (±12.5) and patients >60 years (49.5%) were the most frequent age category. The baseline knowledge score of hypertension was 9.8 (±2.6) and 9.3 (±2.6) on a scale of 16 points in the control group and intervention group, respectively (P=0.060) while at six months 11.9 (±2.3) vs 10.8 (±2.4) (P<0.001) and 12 months 12.6 (±2.5) vs 9.5 (±2.0) (P<0.001), respectively. Knowledge of lifestyle/dietary modification in the control group and intervention group at baseline was 7.0 (±2.1) and 6.6 (±2.0), respectively, while at six months 7.5 (±1.5) vs 9.9 (±1.3) (P<0.001) and at 12 months 7.2 (±1.5) vs 10.4 (±1.2), respectively. Marital status, body mass index, and family history of hypertension were associated with knowledge of hypertension and lifestyle/dietary modification (P<0.001). The educational intervention provided was associated with a significant improvement in knowledge of hypertension and lifestyle/dietary modification. The marital status of the patients, body mass index and family history of hypertension influenced patients’ level of knowledge
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    Educational intervention on knowledge of hypertension and lifestyle/dietary modification among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary health facility in Nigeria
    (Libyan Association for Pharmacists, 2024-03-31) Jamiu Muslim Olakunle; Maiha Bello Bilkisu; Danjuma Nuhu Mohammed; Giwa Abdulganiyu
    Abstract: Patients’ knowledge of hypertension and treatment has been found to affect health outcomes of hypertension. This study aimed to assess the impact of therapeutic patients’ education on knowledge of hypertension and lifestyle/dietary modification among hypertensive patients in Nigeria. The study was conducted among 317 hypertensive patients randomized into controlled and intervention groups (158 vs 159, respectively) between March 2021 and February 2022. Baseline knowledge of the patients was assessed and intervention was provided for the intervention group with a structured educational program at a baseline and six months. Descriptive data were presented with a frequency table in percentage while the chi-square test and univariate logistic regression were used to determine the association between categorical variables. Out of the total 318 patients, 275 completed the study (response rate: 86.8%) with 136 in the control group and 139 in the intervention group. The mean age of the patients was 59.5 (±12.5) and patients >60 years (49.5%) were the most frequent age category. The baseline knowledge score of hypertension was 9.8 (±2.6) and 9.3 (±2.6) on a scale of 16 points in the control group and intervention group, respectively (P=0.060) while at six months 11.9 (±2.3) vs 10.8 (±2.4) (P<0.001) and 12 months 12.6 (±2.5) vs 9.5 (±2.0) (P<0.001), respectively. Knowledge of lifestyle/dietary modification in the control group and intervention group at baseline was 7.0 (±2.1) and 6.6 (±2.0), respectively, while at six months 7.5 (±1.5) vs 9.9 (±1.3) (P<0.001) and at 12 months 7.2 (±1.5) vs 10.4 (±1.2), respectively. Marital status, body mass index, and family history of hypertension were associated with knowledge of hypertension and lifestyle/dietary modification (P<0.001). The educational intervention provided was associated with a significant improvement in knowledge of hypertension and lifestyle/dietary modification. The marital status of the patients, body mass index and family history of hypertension influenced patients’ level of knowledge.
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    HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE, WORK PRODUCTIVITY, AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ON ANTI-DIABETIC MEDICATIONS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA
    (2025-03-19) Jamiu Muslim Olakunle; Giwa Halima Bukola; Giwa Fatiu Salaudeen; Babatunde M.O; Giwa Abdulganiyu
    Diabetes mellitus poses a major public health challenge in Africa, particularly in Nigeria, due to its high morbidity, mortality, and economic impact, which are worsened by its chronic nature and related complications. The aim of this study was to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), work productivity, and associated factors among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) receiving anti-diabetic medications at a secondary health facility in Ilorin, Kwara State, North Central Nigeria. A cross-sectional study through convenient sampling was conducted in patients registered in the last ten years (10) from (May 2013 to August 2023). Participants were drawn after a sample size of 304 participants was calculated. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, and ethical approval was granted by Ethics and Research Committee of the Institution (Approval ID: ERC /MOH/2023/04/102). Data on health-related quality of life were collected using the EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS instruments, while the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire was used to assess changes in work productivity. Statistical analysis involved both descriptive and inferential methods, with results presented in tables. Of the 304 participants included, 108(35.5%) were female, 196(64.4%) were male. Majority fell within the age group of 55-65 years old (39.5%). Majority140 (46%) were in the lower middle income ($39-130) category. Biguanide plus sulphonyl urea combination therapy recorded the highest usage (71.1%). Overall loss of productivity and activity impairment as outcomes of work productivity was found to be 24.8% and 33.6%. The mean EQ-5D utility scores and EQ-VAS scores were 0.7033±0.1525 and 63.57±17.16 Factors such as older age, presence of complications and comorbidities, and higher overall productivity loss are significantly associated with lower HRQoL scores. Conversely, being employed and having a good monthly income are significantly associated with better. Healthrelated quality of life of individuals with type 2 diabetes, as measured by EQ-5D utility and EQ-VAS scores. Results highlight the importance of socioeconomic and clinical factors in influencing the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes.
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    IMPACT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF LIFESTYLE/DIETARY MODIFICATION ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED STUDY
    (Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 2025-11-28) Jamiu Muslim Olakunle; Abdulazeez Iyabode Fatima; Giwa Halima Bukola
    To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.21315/mjps2025.23.2.5 ABSTRACT Hypertension (HTN) is a leading cause of disability and death in both developing and developed countries with lifestyle/dietary modification playing a strong role in both prehypertension and hypertensive state. The research was carried out among 317 patients at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, who were randomised into control (158) and intervention (159) groups. Intervention was carried out after baseline study and 6 months with evaluation at 6 months and 12 months. A self-developed standardised questionnaire, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.849, was used to assess patients’ knowledge, while quality of life was evaluated using the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale (WHOQOLBREF) standardised questionnaire. A total of 136 participants in the control group and 139 in the intervention group completed the study. The mean age of the patients was 59.2 ± 12.5 with male = 141 (44.5%) while female = 176 (55.5%). Baseline characteristics were comparable. Following intervention, 6 months and 12 months knowledge difference was significant (p < 0.001). A significantly different practice in physical activity (p < 0.001) was observed at 6 months while all the four area of practice were significantly different at 12 months. The practice of dietary modification in the intervention group was similarly significantly different in the intervention group at 6 months and 12 months (p < 0.05). Significant reduction in alcohol intake (p < 0.001), dietary sodium (p < 0.001) and increase in physical activity were associated with improved quality of life but, not reduction in sugar intake (p = 0.325). Good practice of lifestyle and dietary modification was found to improve quality of life among hypertensive patient.
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    Prevalence of Dyslipidemia, Drug Therapy Problems, and Medication Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in North Central Nigeria
    (Libyan International Medical University, 2024-09-19) Jamiu Muslim Olakunle; Aliyu Fullaila Onozare; Orimogunje Timothy; Bello Shakirat Iyabo; Abdulbaki Mariam; Ogaji Joshua Ikoni
    Background Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing dyslipidemia, predisposing them to macro- and microvascular consequences such as coronary heart disease. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia, drug therapy problems (DTPs), and medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in a tertiary hospital in North Central Nigeria. Method This study was a cross-sectional convenient sampling of eligible patients conducted in the General Outpatient Department of General Hospital, Ilorin, from March to May 2022. A validated questionnaire was administered to obtain all relevant information on sociodemographic information, and blood samples were collected in a medium plain heparinized tube and sent to the laboratory where fasting blood sugar, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values were calculated as appropriate. Morisky’s Medication Adherence Scale 8 (MMAS-8) was used to capture patient’s adherence level, and DTP was assessed using the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) Criteria version 7. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ministry of Health, Ilorin. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyze the data collected for descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The mean age of the respondents was 60 0.7 years. Of the 60 respondents, 25 (41.67%) were males and 35 (58.33%) were females. All the respondents had dyslipidemia, 30% respondents were identified with a DTP of nonadherence, 16.7% needed additional drug/monitoring, dosage was too low in 11.7%, and 11.6% could not afford theirmedication due to high cost. In all, 45 (75%) respondents had poor sugar control and 33 (55%) had poor blood pressure control. Using MMAS-8, themajority (41, [68.30%]) of the respondents were found to have poor adherence to their diabetic medications. Conclusion High prevalence of dyslipidemia, poor medication adherence, and DTPs were found in the T2DM patients in this study
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    udget impact analysis of alternative strategies for initiating antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria
    (Libyan Association for Pharmacists, 2025-10-10) Jamiu Muslim Olakunle; Giwa Halima Bukaola; Aiyelero Medinat Oyeronnke; Abdul Abdulraheem; Giwa Abdulganiyu; Eniayewu Ibrahim Oluwasegun
    Abstract: The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently made recommendations for treating all Human Immunodeficency Virus (HIV/AIDS) patients irrespective of their immune status. This issue poses challenges to lower-middle-income countries like Nigeria due to resource limitations. This study performed a budget impact analysis (BIA) of different strategies for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among individuals living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. A dynamic cohort budget impact model was used to compare two initiation arms (CD4 < 350 cells/ml and CD4 > 500 cells/ml), with CD4 > 500 cells/ml representing the 2015 WHO guidelines for initiation of ART. Outcomes were hospitalization costs, new infection transmission, and overall budget impact. Key inputs included HIV prevalence in Nigeria, ART access and costs, hospitalization rates and costs, ART uptake trends, and transmission rates. Sensitivity analysis empolyed Monte Carlo simulations to assess the impact of selected parameters. At the end of year five, applying the 2015 WHO guidelines reduced new HIV transmissions by 87.0%, preventing 77,000 infections. Hospitalization cost reductions saved $1.12 million. Overall budget impacts were $718 million for immediate initiation versus $903 million for deferred initiation, yielding $184 million in savings. Monte Carlo simulations showed reduced transmission as the main driver of savings. Prioritizing early treatment initiation espoused by the 2015 WHO guidelines maximize resource efficiency, reduces long-term healthcare costs, and accelerate progress toward epidemic control targets. The findings strongly support the adoption and sustained implementation of the 2015 WHO guidelines for immediate ART initiation. It has public health and economic benefits.