Browsing by Author "Jamiu, M.O"
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Item Assessment of Pattern of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Use among Residents of A North-Central Nigerian City(Published by College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2017) Giwa, A; Jamiu, M.O; Abu-Saeed, KNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs medication. (NSAIDs) are commonly used in the treatment of pains. Self-medication is a common practice all over Introduction the world. Unwanted effects from use of this class of medication could pose health challenges .This study evaluated the prevalence and pattern of inappropriate use of NSAIDs among Ilorin residents and identified factors that influence the pattern of use.Item Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Combined Anti-Retroviral Therapy in a Tertiary Health Institution(Published by West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacy, 2018) Giwa, H.B.; Giwa, A; Jamiu, M.OBackground: The increasing health care spending from government, donors and private stand-point has a lot of challenge in health care related decision making. Hence, there is need to examine closely the cost and benefits of drug interventions especially in chronic illnesses like HIV/AIDS. Objective: To conduct cost-effectiveness analysis of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in a tertiary health institution Methods: A retrospective review of systematically sampled 360 case notes was conducted. World Health Organization Defined Daily Dose method of evaluating drug use and probability method for potential effectiveness of cART options from literature analysis was employed in determining cost-effectiveness of each option identified from cART drug utilization studies. Results: Zidovudine (AZT )+Lamivudine (3TC) +Nevirapine (NVP)which cost N89 2 ($ 0.3 per unit effectiveness) was more frequently prescribed (86%, =100.82; P=0.00; df=1). This combination was more cost effective than the less frequently prescribed first line option of Tenofovir (TDF) +Lamivudine (3TC) +Efavirenz (EFV)at a cost per unit effectiveness of NGN 134 ($0.45).Similarly, 2 AZT+3TC+Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/r)which was more frequently prescribed (71.4%, =33.62; P=0.00; df=1)]with cost per unit effectiveness of NGN379 ($1.26)was more cost effective than TDF+3TC+LPV/r [NGN403($ 1.34) per unit of effectiveness] in the management of HIV/AIDS patients as second line regimen. Conclusions: AZT+3TC+NVPwas more cost-effective than TDF+3TC+EFV in the management of HIV/AIDS patients as firstline regimen. However, AZT+3TC+LPV/r appeared to, but was not necessarily more cost effective than TDF+3TC+LPV/r in the management of HIV/AIDS patients as second line regimen.Item Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Combined Anti-Retroviral Therapy in a Tertiary Health Institution(Published by West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacy, 2018) Giwa, A; Giwa, HB; Jamiu, M.OBackground: The increasing health care spending from government, donors and private stand-point has a lot of challenge in health care related decision making. Hence, there is need to examine closely the cost and benefits of drug interventions especially in chronic illnesses like HIV/AIDS. Objective: To conduct cost-effectiveness analysis of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in a tertiary health institution Methods: A retrospective review of systematically sampled 360 case notes was conducted. World Health Organization Defined Daily Dose method of evaluating drug use and probability method for potential effectiveness of cART options from literature analysis was employed in determining cost-effectiveness of each option identified from cART drug utilization studies. Results: Zidovudine (AZT )+Lamivudine (3TC) +Nevirapine (NVP)which cost N89 2 ($ 0.3 per unit effectiveness) was more frequently prescribed (86%, =100.82; P=0.00; df=1). This combination was more cost effective than the less frequently prescribed first line option of Tenofovir (TDF) +Lamivudine (3TC) +Efavirenz (EFV)at a cost per unit effectiveness of NGN 134 ($0.45).Similarly, 2 AZT+3TC+Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/r)which was more frequently prescribed (71.4%, =33.62; P=0.00; df=1)]with cost per unit effectiveness of NGN379 ($1.26)was more cost effective than TDF+3TC+LPV/r [NGN403($ 1.34) per unit of effectiveness] in the management of HIV/AIDS patients as second line regimen. Conclusions: AZT+3TC+NVPwas more cost-effective than TDF+3TC+EFV in the management of HIV/AIDS patients as firstline regimen. However, AZT+3TC+LPV/r appeared to, but was not necessarily more cost effective than TDF+3TC+LPV/r in the management of HIV/AIDS patients as second line regimen.Item Cost of Illness Analysis of Human Immuno Deficiency Virus/ACQUIRED Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in a Developing Economy.(West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacy, 2018) Giwa, A; Giwa, H.B.F; Jamiu, M.OBackground: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy is for lifetime of the patients from time of diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. This translates into a substantial cost in drug therapy to the patients, government and donor agencies. Objective: To conduct cost of illness analysis of HIV/AIDS in a Developing Economy in 2016. Methods: A one-year retrospective review of 2560 prescriptions of 396 HIV/AIDS patients' case notes from January to December, 2016 obtained by systematic random sampling from 4800 case-notes of subjects that participated in this study was conducted. Sampling Interval =10 A data collection form was designed and used to collect data generated from the selected case notes. Cost of Illness was determined by prevalence rate method, using direct costs only. Results: The annual cost of illness for the 396 HIV/AIDS patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy was ?40,674,760 (US$127,108.3) with drug, diagnostic/monitoring tests, transport, care/support and personnel cost components of ?25,479,760; US$79,624.3 (62.64%), ?7,200,000; US$22,500 (17.71%), ?1,440,000; US$4,500(3.54%), ?2,880,000; US$9,000 (7.08%) and ?3,675,000; US$11484 (9.03%) respectively. The annual average cost of illness of HIV/AIDS was ?102,714.04 (US$320.98) Conclusion: The annual average cost of illness of HIV/AIDS represent 97% of annual per capita income. This is enormous. The Annual National cost of illness for HIV/AIDS in Nigeria, a developing economy may be about N590 billion annuallyItem Medication and substance use among pregnant women in a Nigerian Central Community(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Science Research, 2017) Giwa, A; Jamiu, M.O; Abdulazeez, I.F; Aliyu, F.OThe use of non-prescription medication and substances among pregnant women has become a global public health problem because of their tendency to cause untoward effects on the unborn child. This study was aimed at assessing medication and substance use among pregnant women and determines the knowledge of adverse effects associated with their use. A survey type of study involving 200 pregnant women in Erin-Ile community of Kwara State Nigeria. A semi structured questionnaire was used to elicit responses for the subjects. Data obtained were entered into SPSS v16 software for analysis. Descriptive data were presented in text, tables and chart forms and Chi square and logistic regression ware used to determine the significant level of association between categorical variables. P-value less than 0.05 were considered significant. The average age of respondents was 33.1±6.55. Thirty percent earned salary as government or private employee, 6.5% unemployed with the rest as artisans or traders. Ninety one percent (91%) claimed they always registered for antenatal but only 33% of them register at first three months of pregnancy. Financial constraint was the leading cause of delay in antenatal registration and 17% were ignorant of proper time to register. The most common ailment experienced in pregnancy was pain (80%) and up to 80% used medications that could have adverse effects on pregnancy. Ninety one percent of them engaged in the use of herbal preparations. Thirteen percent (13%) were aware of possible harmful effects of some substances taken during pregnancy. There was significant relationship between level of education and choice of antenatal method p=0.001 but this was not affected by the respondents occupational status, p=0.118. Most of the pregnant women were involved in taking medication and substances that could affect the health of unborn baby at one time of the pregnancy or the other. Method of antenatal use and time of commencement of antenatal were influenced by level of education of the womenItem Pattern and Prevalence of Antibiotics Use among residents of Ilorin Metropolis in North Central Nigeria(Published by Nigerian Association of Pharmacists in Academia, University of Benin, 2017) Giwa, A; Jamiu, M.O; Bello, IK; Abu Saeed, KPurpose: Prevalence of inappropriate use of antibiotics is a common practice all over the world. In the face of current global economic downturn, a large number of countries are facing serious health challenges, with people finding it difficult to meet their health needs. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic use among the residents of Ilorin. Methods: The study was a cross sectional study with a-14 item questionnaire to assess the pattern of use of antibiotics among residents of Ilorin. A total of 350 interviewer administered questionnaires were used for the study. Data obtained include demographic, knowledge and pattern of antibiotic use. The data obtained were entered into SPSS version 16 and analyzed and results were presented descriptively in the texts, tables and charts. Chi square was used as inferential statistics for categorical variables using cross tabulation of results to determine level of significance. P-value ˂ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of antibiotic misuse was 85.6%. The most commonly misused antibiotic was ampicillin-cloxacillin (49%) followed by metronidazole (45.1%) and tetracycline (38.0%). The most common ailments for self- medication were skin disease (59.1%), diarrhea / dysentery (52.1%) and cough. There was significant relationship between level of education and knowledge of antibiotics (p=0.001). Level of education was also significantly associated with their knowledge of whether antibiotic should be used based on prescription or not (p=0.009). However, respondents’ gender did not influence their use of antibiotics without prescriptions(p=0.66). Conclusion: The prevalence of misuse of antibiotics in Ilorin metropolis was high and cut across all adults, gender and educational level. Ampicillin/cloxacillin, tetracycline and metronidazole were the leading antibiotics misused by the residents in the study area.Item Utilization of Antibiotics among Physician in the General Outpatient Unit of a Tertiary Health Facility in North Central Nigeria(Published by Association of Physicians of Bangladesh, 2017) Giwa, A; Jamiu, M.O; Bello, IKBackground: Antibiotics are prescribed to treat infections caused by suspected or confirmed organism(s). Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing could lead to treatment failure increase cases of toxicity and development of resistant strains of organism. Objective: To assess the pattern of antibiotics prescribing among physician in the General Outpatients Department of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital in Ilorin. Method: The study involved a 6 month retrospective review of prescription sheets in the General Outpatient Department of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) to assess the prescription pattern. A total of 3,552 prescriptions were reviewed. Information on prescribing pattern of physicians and patient demographics were obtained through a date collection form. The data obtained were entered into Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 16 and analyzed using descriptive value. Logistic regression was used in inferential statistic and P values  0.05 were considered significant. Results: The prescribing rate of antibiotic was 82.13%. The most widely prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (21.9%), ciprofloxacin (21.2%), metronidazole (17.2%) and Amoxycillin (9.4%). Average number of drugs per prescription was 4.32 ±1.46. There was significant difference in the prescribing duration of antibiotics in female compare to male patient. Female patients had longer duration than their male counterpart. Conclusion: There was high rate of antibiotic prescribing among physicians in the health facility. Rational prescribing in terms of generic prescribing and prescribing from Essential Drug List (EDL) was adequately complied with and the number of prescribed medications per prescription was within the limitItem Utilization of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs among Physicians in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Facility(Fos Scientia Publications, 2018) Giwa, A; Jamiu, M.ONonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are medications used to relieve pain, fever and inflammation. Serious toxicity related to Gastro intestinal tract, kidney, dermatological and spontaneous abortion during early pregnancy are of serious concern in their use. The study was to evaluate the utilization of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among prescribers at Genaral Outpatient Department of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. Retrospective study of 1297 patient prescription sheets was carried out at General Outpatient Department of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital for a period of six months to evaluate prescribing pattern of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by Physicians. Data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science. Data were presented in the form of text, frequency tables, bar chart and pie chart. Inferential statistics was done using logistic regression and chi square. Out of 1497 prescription sheets studied, 1297 prescriptions contained Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, giving prescribing rate of 86.6%. About 7.3% of prescriptions contained more than one Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The percentage of generic prescribing was found to be 45%. About 17% of the prescribed Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were of long time use with only 0.04% co- prescribed with gastro-protective agent, omeprazole or misoprostol. Diclofenac tablet was the most prescribed Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with 42.2% prescribing rate followed by aspirin (19.8%) and ibuprofen (17.7%). There was no significant difference in duration of prescribed NSAIDs and number of prescribed medicines per prescription in relation to patient’s gender status. The prescribing rate of Nonsteroidal ntiinflammatory drugs was high with associated multiple NSAIDs use. Diclofenac tablet was the most widely prescribed. Co-prescribing of Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with gastroprotective agents was found to be very low.