Browsing by Author "Jambalang, Alex"
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Item Bacterial and Parasitic Agents Associated with Outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) in Nigeria(Vom Journal of Veterinary Science, 2006) Kumbish, Peterside; Bello, M. K; Jambalang, Alex; Hussaini, Bakare; Solomon, Ponman; Ekong, P.S; Damina, M; Elisha, I; Chukwukere, S; Bako, Ben; Nanbol, D; Akanbi, Olatunde Babatunde; Joannis, Tony; Ularamu, H; Shittu, I; Suleiman, LThe Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) was reported in Nigeria in early January 2006. A total of 430 suspected samples were submitted to the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom for analysis. 149 of the analysed samples were positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza, out of which 89 were found to have different bacterial organisms. 60 had parasitic agents and 22 had both bacterial and parasitic agents associated with E.coli alone had a mortality of 9.15%, Klebsiella spp alone had a percentage mortality of 26.86%. Combined infections with E. coli and Klebsiella spp resulted in mortality of 66.41%, 28 cases were negative for any bacterial growth and had mortality of 13.12%. Some parasites found to be associated with the outbreak of HPAI are; Eimeria spp (45 cases) and Ascaridia galli (10 cases) found in cases with mortalities of 18.34% and 58.33% respectively. Mortalities in positive cases that had concurrent bacteria and parasitic complications were found to be progressively increasing; E. coli and Eimeria spp 4.57%; Klebsiella spp/ Eimeria spp - 10.23% and E. coli/ Klebsiella /Eimeria spp - 19.25%. It is not clear how far these infections contributed to mortalities caused by the HPAI.Item Clinico-Pathological Features of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI-H5N1) Outbreaks in Commercial Chickens in Nigeria(Vom Journal of Veterinary Science, 2006) Kumbish, Peterside; Joannis, Tony; Jambalang, Alex; Damina, M; Hussaini, Bakare; Akanbi, Olatunde Babatunde; Oyetunde, I; Abdu, M; Danbirni, S; James, Ahmed; Yahaya, K; Bako, Ben; Nanbol, Daniel; Elisha, I; Solomon, Ponman; Ogunsan, E; Adulugba, A; Okewole, PhilipIn early January 2006, the first confirmed oubreaks of avian influenza in domestic birds occurred in the commercial chicken flocks in Kaduna, Jos and Kano States in the northern part of Nigeria. The outbreaks were confirmed to be the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by the subtype H5N1. The outbreak was spontaneously reported in Jos, and about 10 days later it was reported in Kano and it quickly spread to other parts of the country. The infection was characterized by very high mortality in commercial layers. It was also observed to affect turkeys, broilers, cockerels, backyard/local chickens, ostriches, pigeons, guinea fowls, geese and ducks. The gross and microscopic lesions were found to similar to what have been described earlier for the disease.Item Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Local Chickens in Nigeria(Vom Journal of Veterinary Science, 2006) Kumbish, Peterside; Jambalang, Alex; Damina, M; Hussaini, Bakare; Oyetunde, I; Akanbi, Olatunde; Jwander, L; Danbirni, I; Elisha, I; Solomon, P; Woma, T; Bako, B; Nanbol, I; Chukwukere, S; Ardo, A; Bunshia, SHighly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) is a highly contagious viral diseases affecting the digestive, nervous, respiratory and /or reproductive systems of all domestic and wild birds. The outbreaks in local/backyard chickens were reported in 5 States (Jigawa, Kano, Nassarawa, Katsina, and Taraba). In this paper, we describe the clinical and pathological findings in local chickens during the outbreak of HPAI caused by H5N1 subtype in Nigeria and compared them with those reported in other parts of the world. The disease in local chickens in Nigeria was found to show little or no clinical signs and gross lesions. This was possible due to the fact that the birds died per acutely before signs or lesions could develop.