Browsing by Author "Iheme, Kenneth Obinna"

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    Application of artificial neural network and multi‑linear regression techniques in groundwater quality and health risk assessment around Egbema, Southeastern Nigeria
    (Published by Journal of Environmental Earth Sciences, 2023-01-24) Akakuru, Obinna Chigoziem; Adakwa, Chidi Bello; Ikoro, Diugo Okereke; Eyankware, Moses Oghenenyoreme; Opara, Alexander Iheanyi; Njoku, Adora Olivia; Iheme, Kenneth Obinna; Usman, Ayatu
    This paper examined the efficiency of artificial neural network (ANN) and multivariate linear regression (MLR) models in the prediction of groundwater quality parameters such as ecological risk index (ERI), pollution load index (PLI), metal pollution index (MPI), Nemerow pollution index (NPI), and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). 40 groundwater samples were collected systematically and analyzed for mainly heavy metals. Results revealed that adopting measured parameters is effective in modeling the parameters with high level of accuracy. Contamination factor results reveal that Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu have relatively low values < 1 within the region while the Iron values ranged from low contamination to very high contamination (> 6). PLI, MPI, and ERI results indicated low pollution. NPI results indicated that the majority of the samples were heavily polluted. Quantification of Contamination results revealed that most of the sample's quality was geogenically influenced. Igeo results revealed that most of the samples had extreme pollution. The health risk assessment results revealed that children are substantially prone to more health risk more than adults. The ANN and MLR models showed a high effective tendency in the prediction of ERI, PLI, MPI, NPI and Igeo. Principal component analysis results showed appreciable variable loadings while the correlation matrix results reveal that there exists weak and positive correlation amongst elements. Based on the outcome of this study, this research recommends the use of ANN and MLR models in the prediction of groundwater quality parameters as they yielded positive, reliable, acceptable, and appropriate accuracy performances.
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    Characterizing groundwater potentials in parts of the basement complex of Nigeria using GIS and remote sensing
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023) Abubakar, Hussain Olanrewaju; Ige, Omoniyi Olusegun; Olatunji, Saminu; Iheme, Kenneth Obinna
    Groundwater prospect in parts of southwestern Nigeria was delineated by inferring the subsurface models from the responses of remote sensing and GIS data. In characterizing the area, both primary and secondary data were used. The primary data include landsat8 OLI and ASTER Digital Elevation Model, while the secondary data includes geology, soil, and topography maps of the area. Hence, thematic maps of potentials and lineament density, and land cover/use maps for the area were derived from the landsat8 OLI/TRS image. Thus, the area was characterized as follows: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high potentiality that covered 1.4 km2 (0.59%), 72.18 km2 (9.59%), 372.3 km2 (49.44%), 272.12 km2 (36.14%), and 35 km2 (4.64%), respectively. The western part of the area is dominated by very low to low potential, while the southern part of the area is dominated by high to very high potential. Hence, low and moderate potentials occupy the highest landmass (59.03%) in the area. In conclusion, the basement complex terrain in question has a moderately low aquifer capability.
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    Electro‑geohydraulic estimation of shallow aquifer characteristics of Njaba and environs, Southeastern Nigeria
    (Saudi Society for Geosciences and Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023) Akakuru, Obinna Chigoziem; Onyeanwuna, Uzochi Bright; Opara, Alexander Iheanyichukwu; Iheme, Kenneth Obinna; Njoku, Adora Olivia; Amadi, Chinyere. C.; Akaolisa, Casmir Zander
    2023 Abstract The study investigated the use of electro-geophysical method as an alternative to pumping test method in the estimation of geo-hydraulic characteristics of shallow aquifers in Njaba and environs, Southeastern Nigeria. This was done to ascertain the aquifer potentials of the study area. Twenty-three geo-electric resistivity soundings were acquired using ABEM Terrameter SAS-4000 and Schlumberger configuration with maximum half-current electrode spacing of 500 m. Geo-electric layers were determined using FORTRAN 2D Resistivity Software. The results indicate an undulating topography, with elevations ranging from 361 to 1336.9ft. Spread 5 m, 20 m, 50 m, 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, 250 m, 300 m, 400 m, and 500 m were probed, which gave their corresponding resistivity values at different depth slices. Results showed a fairly increasingreducing- increasing trend of resistivity values. An averaged high resistivity value can be traced to the presence of the sand lithology of the Benin Formation in the region. Aquifer depth of 79.2 to 115 m was observed in the study area, showing a semi-deep aquifer system. Aquifer thickness of 23.4 to 48.5 m was observed in the studies, with a mean value of 37.71 m. Aquifer resistivity ranges from 28,700 to 990Ωm, indicating clean sand and sand with little clay admixtures, respectively. Average longitudinal conductance (in Ω−1) of 0.00611693 and transverse resistance of 407,178.1739 was recorded in the study area. Hydraulic conductivity (in m/day), as obtained from a new model, showed a high value of 27.90068 and a low value of 0.0852, an indicator of fairly clean sand. Transmissivity ( m2/day), from a new model developed for the study area, ranges from 430.0877 to 23.552. The storativity value ranges from 0.0001515 to 0.00113139, indicating a confined aquifer, while average aquifer diffusivity of 1,398,057.749 was recorded. Altogether, aquifer vulnerability and hydro-geochemical studies of the environment are recommended, to ascertain the protective capacity of the aquifer from the surface pollutants and the quality of water in the study area, respectively.
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    Evaluation of the Spatial Distribution of Grain Size Characteristics and its Role in Determining the Environment of Deposition of Sediments in Orlu and Environs, Imo State South Eastern Nigeria
    (2021) Iheme, Kenneth Obinna; Okolo, C.J.; Adedoyin, Adeonipekun Dele; Ibrahim, Oluwatoyin Khadijat; Alebiosu, Mercy Titilayo
    The depositional environments of sediments around Orlu and environs, Imo state, was studied using various statistical parameters including Mean size, Standard deviation, Skewness, and Kurtosis. These parameters were obtained from sieve analysis of fifteen (15) sediment samples obtained within the area of the study at different depth. The grain size distribution curves for the study area showed that about 80% by weight of the sediments are medium to coarse-grained sand and fine gravels, while the remaining 18% and 2% are fine-grained sand and coarse silt. The sorting indicates that the samples are very poorly sorted around Afor-nta and Isiekenesi areas, and are moderately sorted at Ihioma, and others area within the study. Other textural analysis also shows that the samples ranges from strongly fine skewed, very platykurtic to extreme leptokurtic and are uniformly graded, except in Afor-nta and Isiekenesi with wellgraded sediments. Analysis of the environment of deposition for the study area showed that the samples were deposited in beach/shallow agitated and fluvial agitated environments. Marine influence on the sediments seem to be dominant in the southern parts of the study area while fluvial influence is evident in the northern part of the area.
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    Petrography, Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of grey Gneisses of part of Oke-Ode Area, South-Western Nigeria
    (2022) Adedoyin, Adeonipekun Dele; Alebiosu, Mercy Titilayo; Bamigboye, Olufemi Sijuade; Olobaniyi S.B.; Omorinoye, Omolayo Ajoke; Iheme, Kenneth Obinna
    Oke-Ode area, northeast of Ilorin, is part of the Precambrian Basement Complex of southwestern Nigeria. There are no published data on the gneisses, which are well exposed, unlike the adjacent terrains. The area was mapped in order to determine the petrographic, geochemical and petrogenetic attributes of the grey gneisses. The acquired sets of field, mineralogical, and geochemical data indicated that the medium-to coarse-grained gneisses are of igneous origin, and have witnessed multiple tectono-thermal readjustments. Occurrence of xenoliths in the rocks points to magmatic origin. The range of anorthite molecular contents of the plagioclase (An26-34) suggests an andesine to oligoclase composition, indicating derivation from granodioritic to tonalitic progenitors. Petrographic studies showed that the rocks witnessed complex interplay between metamorphism, deformation, and migmatization, which culminated in grain-boundary migration under a relatively stable, low-strain, hightemperature conditions involving mechanical rotation, during grain-scale dynamic recrystallization. Geochemically, plots of Ni vs Zr/TiO₂ and K₂O/Al₂O₃ vs Na₂O₃/Al₂O₃ also constrained the the gneisses to the igneous field while the TiO2 - K2O - P₂O₅ ternary plot further indicated a continental tectonic setting prior to the widespread Pan African magmatism. The rocks are essentially peraluminous calc-alkaline rocks, which are moderately saturated with respect to silica. They are products of fractional crystallization of a basaltic magma in a continental setting but later reworked during the Pan African time. The grey gneises have similar geo-chemical characteristics with some gneisses from other parts of the Basement Complex of Nigeria, but at distinct variance with others.
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    RESISTIVITY TECHNIQUES FOR GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION IN PARTS OF BASEMENT COMPLEX OFSOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
    (Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria., 2023) Abubakar, Hussain Olanrewaju; Ige, Olusegun Omoniyi; Iheme, Kenneth Obinna
    Quality water for use has been abysmally difficult to come by in the Oye Ekiti metropolis. Thus, an aggressive exploration effort toward providing clean water is essential in the area. The study is within the coordinates of longitudes 5 0 41' 40 "E - 5 043' 20"E,and latitudes 70 31'50"N -7 ᵒ 62' 50"N. Thus 9 Horizontal Profiling (HP) traverses, 9 Spontaneous Potentials (SP) traverses, and 31 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) points were employed to assess the groundwater potential of the area. The SP identified zonesthat show a peak of varying polarity indicating streaming potential which is evidence of groundwater movement.The movement is majorly directed in the East-to-west axis, indicating the major groundwater flow directions in the area.HP inversions and 2D models from most of the traverses indicate aquiferous layers with average resistivity and depth range of 10.5 – 93.5 Ωm and 50 – 90 m in the area. The geologic sections delineated five subsurface geologic layers; this includes the topsoil, laterites, sandy clay, weathered basement, and fresh basement. The resistivity range of the fresh basement is 535 – 6176 Ωm. The weathered basement is generally thin and constitutes the main aquifer unit within the area. The resistivity low of the weathered basement could indicate enhanced permeability due to significantly fractured density and the tendency for moderate groundwater potential and yield through the groundwater potential map. The area could therefore be said to portray a moderate groundwater potential.