Browsing by Author "Iheme, K.O."
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Item Characterizing Groundwater Potentials in parts of the Basement Complex of Nigeria using GIS and Remote Sensing.(Journal of Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2023) Abubakar, H.O.; Ige, O. O.; Olatunji, S.; Iheme, K.O.Groundwater prospect in parts of southwestern Nigeria was delineated by inferring the subsurface models from the responses of remote sensing and GIS data. In characterizing the area, both primary and secondary data were used. The primary data include landsat8 OLI and ASTER Digital Elevation Model, while the secondary data includes geology, soil, and topography maps of the area. Hence, thematic maps of potentials and lineament density, and land cover/use maps for the area were derived from the landsat8 OLI/TRS image. Thus, the area was characterized as follows: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high potentiality that covered 1.4 km2(0.59%), 72.18 km2(9.59%), 372.3 km2(49.44%),272.12 km2(36.14%), and 35km2(4.64%), respectively. The western part of the area is dominated by very low to low potential, while the southern part of the area is dominated by high to very high potential. Hence, low and moderate potentials occupy the highest landmass (59.03%) in the area. In conclusion, the basement complex terrain in question has a moderately low aquifer capability.Item Characterizing gully‑prone zones using geophysical and geotechnical approaches: a case study of Njaba South‑Eastern Nigeria(SPRINGER, 2023-11-14) Akakuru, O.C.; Opara, A.I.; G. O. Aigbadon, G.O.; Usman, A.O.; Ibeneme, S.I.; Iheme, K.O.; Njoku, A.O.; Akudinobi, B.E.B.Over the years, Njaba has been known to be bedeviled with worrying gully erosion challenges. This is attributed to the geologic makeup of the soil and other environmental factors. Geophysical and geotechnical characterization of the soil within Njaba and its environs has been carried out with the aim of determining the potentials in the development and enhancement of gullies within the area. 23 vertical electrical sounding were conducted using Schlumberger array configuration with maximum current electrode spacing of 350 m, while two soil samples were also collected for geotechnical studies. The first layers were used to categorize the soils into competence and corrosive soils. Qualitative interpretation reveals that the sites are characterized by six (6) resistivity type curves, namely; 6-HK, 2-AK, 3-KH, 2-QH, 4-KK, 2-AH. The results from the iso-resistivity showed that the resistivities of the layers increased progressively with depth as the maximum electrode spacing increased. The transverse resistance calculated varies from 1408950 to 30987 Ωm, and the longitudinal conductance varies from 0.03163 to 0.00099876 mho. From the competence and corrosivity rating, the soils were categorized from highly competent to moderately competent for the competence categories with varying resistivities of 2800 to 154 Ωm and for the corrosivity category, soils were categorized from essentially non-corrosive to mildly corrosive soils with varying resistance of 182.0 to 154.0 Ωm. The coefficient of anisotropy determined averages 1.25, 1.14 and 1.06 at three different sites. The results of the compaction tests indicate that the Optimum Moisture Content ranged from 11.1–11.5% is required to achieve Maximum Dry Density of the samples ranging from 0.18–2.15 mg/m3. From the study, it can be ascertained that the soil is of low compressibility. The study suggests among others that surface and subsurface flows and drainage should be controlled by directing water through concrete channels into lined artificial reservoirs or straight into lakes or river plains.Item Effects of Leachate Contamination on Some Geotechnical Properties of Lateritic Soil.(Published by Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria., 2016) Ige, O.O.; Olaleye, I.M.; Iheme, K.O.This paper presents the geotechnical properties of artificially leachate-contaminated and uncontaminated soils in order to study the effects of the contaminant on the soils’ behavior when used for engineering purposes. 4 portions of lateritic soil samples were artificially contaminated with 5, 10 and 20% leachate and respective geotechnical properties were determined. Results showed that leachate contamination proportionally increased the Atterberg limits and permeability values for all contaminated soils, but decreases in compaction parameters. For compaction tests, maximum dry density decreased from 15.9kN/m3 in the control sample to 14.4kN/m3 in contaminated soil at 20% leachate concentration. The coefficient of permeability values increased with increase in leachate content. It was observed that addition of leachate has adverse reducing effects on the strength and hydraulic properties of the contaminated residual soil. Thus, use of leachate-contaminated soils in geotechnical engineering works should be avoided since it is inimical to life, money and properties.Item AN EVALUATION OF GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER RESOURCES IN ORLU AND ENVIRONS, SOUTH EASTERN NIGERIA(Published by Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria., 2018) Iheme, K.O.; Akudinobi, B. E. B.; Oyeleke, T. A.; Ibrahim, K.O.; Abubakar, H.O.; Usman, A. O.Most Nigerian rural settings suffer from non-availability of potable water. The difficulties in accessing water are great challenges which often results in water-borne diseases and other illnesses. This study evaluates the water resources in Orlu and environs with the aim of investigating the water quality in the study area. Eighteen water samples comprising nine groundwater and nine surface water were collected and analysed. The samples were then subjected to Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for heavy metal analysis. The results show that most of the major ionic concentrations are within WHO standard. Lead, cadmium, and mercury in groundwater and cadmium, lead, and mercury in surface water are above WHO standard. Dominant water character in the study area was determined using the Piper Trilinear and Schoeller semi-logarithm diagrams. Sodium-chloridebicarbonate waters for surface water and calcium-sulphate waters for groundwater are the principal water types. The heavy metals concentration detected in the groundwater may be attributed to the indiscriminate disposal of wastes in the study area which generated leachate that found its way into the groundwater system while the heavy metals in the surface water may be attributed to the pollution from waste, fertilizer application, fungicides and pesticides used in the farming activities in the study area. It is highly recommended that drinking water in the study area should be treated to be free from contaminationItem Evaluation of the Spatial Distribution of Grain Size Characteristics and its Role in Determining the Environment of Deposition of sediments in Orlu and Environs, Imo State South Eastern Nigeria(Published by Faculty of Physical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State, Nigeria., 2021) Iheme, K.O.; Okolo, C.J.; Adedoyin, D.A.; Ibrahim, O. K.; Alebiosu, T.M.The depositional environments of sediments around Orlu and environs, Imo state, was studied using various statistical parameters including Mean size, Standard deviation, Skewness, and Kurtosis. These parameters were obtained from sieve analysis of fifteen (15) sediment samples obtained within the area of the study at different depth. The grain size distribution curves for the study area showed that about 80% by weight of the sediments are medium to coarse-grained sand and fine gravels, while the remaining 18% and 2% are fine-grained sand and coarse silt. The sorting indicates that the samples are very poorly sorted around Afor-nta and Isiekenesi areas, and are moderately sorted at Ihioma, and others area within the study. Other textural analysis also shows that the samples ranges from strongly fine skewed, very platykurtic to extreme leptokurtic and are uniformly graded, except in Afor-nta and Isiekenesi with wellgraded sediments. Analysis of the environment of deposition for the study area showed that the samples were deposited in beach/shallow agitated and fluvial agitated environments. Marine influence on the sediments seem to be dominant in the southern parts of the study area while fluvial influence is evident in the northern part of the area.Item GEOSTATISTICS AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF ELEYELE LAKE, IBADAN, SOUTH WEST NIGERIA(Published by Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria., 2021) Iheme, K.O.; Olelewe, M.C.; Omotoso, O. A.; Okolo, C.J.; Atanu, O.Evaluation of Eleyele Lake and Wetland, Ibadan South Western Nigeria was carried out to acertain the contamination state of the water bodies. 29 water samples were collected from the lake and its effluents streams, and were geochemically analzyed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometery (ICP-MP) while the pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured insitu during the sampling operations. Values of pH, TDS, EC, and metals with significant concentrations in the samples were selected as variables used for geostatistical analysis, and multivariate analysis; principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Comparison of geostatistical analysis result with Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality, shows that EC, TDS, iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al) concentration were above the recomended limits in many locations. PCA results show that the first 2 principal components accounts for 79.7% of the variability or information in the samples. PC scores clearly revealed two clusters which was indicative of where the water sample was collected; Lake or Tributary/effluent streams. Hierarchical clustering identified three clusters of samples but subsequent piper digram of the clusters revealed that clusters 2 and 3 were more alike and less contaminated by sodium (Na) compared to water samples in cluster 1.Item Geotechnical and Suitability Studies for Subgrade and Sub – Base Construction Materials Around Baba – Ode and Obada Areas Southwestern Nigeria.(Published by Faculty of Physical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State, Nigeria., 2021) Iheme, K.O.; Obaro, R.I.; Okolo, C.J.; Ibrahim, O.K.; Yusuf, M.ALateritic soils from Baba – Ode, in Ilorin, Kwara State and Obada in Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria were investigated with respect to their geotechnical properties and their suitability for subgrade and sub – base construction materials. Four disturbed lateritic soil samples A and B (Baba – ode in Ilorin) and samples C and D (Obada in Oyo state) were selected for grain size analyses, specific gravity tests, atterberg limit tests, compaction, California bearing ratio and shear box tests. Atterberg consistency limit test show that samples from Baba-ode has liquid limit ranges of 27.0 - 30.0%, plastic limit 16.2 - 19.5%, plasticity index 10.5 - 10.8%, shrinkage limit 7.4 - 9.1% while those from Obada has liquid limit ranges of 22.5 - 31.0%, plastic limit of 13.3 - 21.5%, shrinkage limit of 5.5 - 7.4% and plasticity index of 9.2 - 9.5%. They have California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values within 2-3% (mean = 2.75%) and 2% (mean = 2) in Baba-ode while Obada samples are 2-4% (mean = 2.75%) and 1-3% (mean = 1.5%) respectively. Optimum water contents for Baba-ode samples are 15.0% and 13.0 - 14% for standard and modified proctor respectively while those of Obada are 11.0 -15.0% for standard proctor and 10.0 - 14.0% for modified proctor. The cohesion of Baba-ode samples are within 70 90Kpa with mean of 79Kpa and angle of internal friction (ɸ) ranging from 260 - 320 with mean of 280 for standard and modified compaction energies respectively while Obada samples fall within 30- 40Kpa with mean of 35Kpa and the angle of internal friction ranges from 22o –280. Geotechnical analysis suggest that the soils are good to fair as erosion resistance in canal construction because of its high bearing capacity and can also be used as sub – grade and base course in road construction.Item Hydro-Geophysical Assessment of Groundwater Resources within Parts of Omu-Aran, South-western,Nigeria(Published by Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, 2018) Iheme, K.O.; Usman, O.A.,; Obaro, R.I.,; Aganigbo, C.I.,; Gbadebo, A.FHydro-geophysical assessment of groundwater resources in part of Omu Aran South Western Nigeria has been evaluated and analyzed with a view of delineating the groundwater potentials and aquifer characteristics within the study area. Eleven-(11) vertical electrical soundings (VES) were acquired with a maximum half current electrode spacing of 75 metres using ABEM 3000 SAS Tetrameter and the sounding data were processed and interpreted using partial curve matching method by the computer iteration techniques. Results from the geo-electric sections revealed the presence of three to five geo-electric layers. The depth to water table ranges between 2.59m and 71.9m and a resistivity of 89.9 to 3072 Ωm. The depth to Watertable is deepest around Omu area with depth of 71.9m. The result of the geophysical analysis correlates positively with themselves showing similarity in geology. The result shows that the weathered basement is a primary target for ground water exploration in the studied area, as the area is void of prominent fracture which is a target for ground water exploration. It is recommended that an average depth of 7.0m should be drilled for borehole within the northern part of the studied area and a depth of about 10.0m in the southern part of the study area. All these deductions were reached after qualitative and Iheme USEP: Journal of Research Information in Civil Engineering, Vol.15, No.4, 2018 et al 2394 quantitative interpretation of the geophysical data, and considering geology of the area.Item HYDRO-GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES WITHIN ABAKALIKI, LOWER BENUE TROUGH, NIGERIA.(Published by Faculty of Physical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State, Nigeria., 2022) Usman, A. O.; Iheme, K.O.; Chinwuko, A.I.; Azuoko, G.B.; Akakuru, O. C.Hydro-geophysical investigation of groundwater resources within Abakaliki, lower Benue Trough was evaluated with the view of determining the groundwater potentials and the aquifer variation in the area. Eight (8) vertical electrical soundings (VES) were carried out using ABEM 4000 SAS Terrameter. Two (2) VES were conducted around area that has existing borehole to enable us check the efficacy of the method. VES data was analyzed and processed using the computer iteration techniques using 1D interpex software. The modeled interpretation from the analysis shows five to six geo-electric layers. The shape of the geoelectric curves in a particular location of the surveyed area depicts characteristics of the subsurface geologic layers. The fractured shale serves as the geologic material that can contain and discharge water. Result reveals that the depth to water table in the study area varies between 11m and 21m and the aquifer thickness is highest in the eastern part of the surveyed area with a thickness value of 7.6meter. The depth to watertable is deepest around staff quarter axis of Onu Ebonyi. Results also reveal a little variation in hydraulic conductivity which ranged between 0.03m/day and 0.19m/day. The wide range of variation in the transmissivity values of the study area could be attributed to the difference to the depth to the fractured shale in the study area and aquifer systems. This area has transmissivity values ranging from 0.0311m2/day to 1.056 m2/day. The result correlates well with the borehole history from the study area.Item Hydrogeochemical evolution, water quality indices, irrigation suitability and pollution index of groundwater (PIG) around eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria(Published by International Journal of Energy and Water Resources., 2022) Akakuru, O. C.; Eze, C.U.; Okeke, O. C.; Opara, A.I.; Usman, A.O.; Iheme, K.O.; Ibeneme, S.I.; Iwuoha, P.O.The study was done to assess groundwater for different uses. Groundwater samples were collected from 17 locations and analyzed for physicochemical attributes. Hydrogeochemical data identified three significant Principal Components; PC1, 53.8% loadings, PC2, 46.2% loadings, PC3, 30.8% positive loadings. Correlation matrix analysis observed strong correlations in the majority of the parameters. Contamination Factor results reveal that HCO3, NO3, Na, Ca, and Mg had relatively low concentration < 1; Fe had a mean concentration of 1.18 (moderate contamination), while SO4, and Cl, had mean concentrations of 6.43 and 9.41, respectively. PLI result reveals that the samples had values less than 1. WQI result revealed that 11.7% of the samples are excellent, 82.4% of the water is of good quality, 5.9% are of poor quality. PIG result shows insignificant pollution of groundwater. The hydrogeochemical evolution shows Ca + Mg and Cl are the dominant ionic species in the cation and anion areas, respectively; and they are within the geochemical zone of 6 (calcium chloride water type) with a trend of Cl > SO4 > Ca > Mg > HCO3 > Na + K. From the Gibbs plot, rock-dominance zone is dominant in the groundwater samples. The suitability for irrigation analysis reveals that SAR, %NA, KR, and SSP in the entire study area are 100% suitable and fit for irrigation purposes, while MH had 88.2% of the sample as good and 11.8% as unsafe. The Wilcox plot shows that 70.6% of the entire sample belong to the excellent category whereas, 29.4% are of good to permissible category. Normal observing Normal observing of groundwater in the review region is of major significance.Item Petrography, Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Grey Gneisses of Part of Oke-Ode Area, South-western Nigeria(COOU Journal of Physical Sciences; Faculty of Physical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, 2022) Adedoyin, A.D.; Alebiosu, M.T.; Bamigboye, O.S.; Olobaniyi, S.B.; Omorinoye, O.A.; Iheme, K.O.Item PETROGRAPHY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND PETROGENESIS OF GREY GNEISSES OF PART OF OKE-ODE AREA, SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA(Published by Faculty of Physical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State, Nigeria., 2022) Adedoyin, A.D.; Alebiosu, M.T.; Bamigboye, O.S.; Olobaniyi, S.B.; Omorinoye, O.A.; Iheme, K.O.Oke-Ode area, northeast of Ilorin, is part of the Precambrian Basement Complex of southwestern Nigeria. There are no published data on the gneisses, which are well exposed, unlike the adjacent terrains. The area was mapped in order to determine the petrographic, geochemical and petrogenetic attributes of the grey gneisses. The acquired sets of field, mineralogical, and geochemical data indicated that the medium-to coarse-grained gneisses are of igneous origin, and have witnessed multiple tectono-thermal readjustments. Occurrence of xenoliths in the rocks points to magmatic origin. The range of anorthite molecular contents of the plagioclase (An26-34) suggests an andesine to oligoclase composition, indicating derivation from granodioritic to tonalitic progenitors. Petrographic studies showed that the rocks witnessed complex interplay between metamorphism, deformation, and migmatization, which culminated in grain-boundary migration under a relatively stable, low-strain, high temperature conditions involving mechanical rotation, during grain-scale dynamic recrystallization. Geochemically, plots of Ni vs Zr/TiO₂ and K₂O/Al₂O₃ vs Na₂O₃/Al₂O₃ also constrained the the gneisses to the igneous field while the TiO2 - K2O - P₂O₅ ternary plot further indicated a continental tectonic setting prior to the widespread Pan African magmatism. The rocks are essentially peraluminous calc-alkaline rocks, which are moderately saturated with respect to silica. They are products of fractional crystallization of a basaltic magma in a continental setting but later reworked during the Pan African time. The grey gneises have similar geo-chemical characteristics with some gneisses from other parts of the Basement Complex of Nigeria, but at distinct variance with others.