Browsing by Author "Ighodalo, M"

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    Comparative Assessment of Urine Circulating Cathodic Antigen (CCA) Detection Cassette and Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis in North Central Nigeria.
    (College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2020-04) Nyamngee, Amase; Edungbola, L. D.; Abubakar, M. A.; Abubakar, L.; Ikpe, R. T.; Agbendeh, L. N.; Injan, E; Ighodalo, M
    A study was carried out between May and December 2019 in four States (Benue, Kogi, Kwara and Niger) North Central, Nigeria to determine endemicity of schistosomiasis (urinary and intestinal) among primary school pupils using the newly developed commercially available Schisto point-of-care (POC) Urine Circulating Cathodic Antigen (CCA) detection cassette and microscopy, the old standard method so as to evaluate performance of CCA detection cassette test. One thousand, one hundred and seventy-six (608 males and 568 females) stool and urine specimen were collected from each participant and examined using urine CCA detection cassette test and microscopy (Kato-Katz method for stool and urine filtration techniques for urine specimens). A total of 524 (40.9%) out 176 pupils sampled were tested positive using CCA detection cassette, while 381 (33.5%) pupils were positive using microscopy. The difference in the prevalence of schistosomiasis using CCA detection cassette as compared to that of microscopy was statistically significantly (p = 0.000). The sensitivity and specificity of CCA detection cassette using latent class analysis (LCA) were 76.3% and 76.9% respectively,while the sensitivity and specificity of microscopy were 62.5% and 86.5% respectively.The result shows that CCA detection cassette is more sensitive than microscopy. The prevalence of schistosomiasis in males was (42.6%) and in females was (38.2%) using CCA detection cassette. while microscopy method had a prevalence of 32.4% in males and 35.3% in females (p = 0.693). CCA detection cassette and microscopy both agreed that there is no significant difference between male and female prevalence. Overall, the prevalence of schistosomiasis was ….. by the CCA detection cassette and intestinal and urinary schistosomiasis using microscopy techniques were 9.7% and 29.5% respectively. It was concluded from this study that the newly developed Urine Circulating Cathodic detection cassette was able to identify more schistosomiasis cases than the old microscopic methods. Although it was not able differentiate between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni, it is still stands more promising for clinical and community diagnosis of schistosomiasis as compared to the old microscopic methods. We therefore, recommend that the highly sensitive newly developed Urine Circulating Cathodic Antigen Detection Cassette be made available for clinical use and community diagnosis of schistosomiasis complementarily or possibly replace the microscopy methods.
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    Electrolyte Profile of Epileptic Patients on Carbamazepine Monotherapy
    (College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2016) Ayanniyi, R.O; Biliaminu, S.A; Wahab, K.W; Sanya, E.O; Ighodalo, M; Oyeleke, S.A; Ologe, M.O
    Epileptic seizures result from disruption in electrical activity among neurons. Adequate amount ofelectrolytes is essential for a healthy nervous system. The existing knowledge on the impact of antiepileptic drugs on serum electrolyte is still controversial. This study was designed to determine the effects of long term use of carbamazepine on serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase in complex partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizure patients at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. It was a cross-sectional study involving 23 seizure disorder adult patients on carbamazepine monotherapy. Serum was analyzed for calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and albumin using complexometric and colorimetric methods. Serum concentration of calcium (albumin adjusted calcium 3.47±0.09) and alkaline phoshatase (261.87±14.53) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in subjects on carbamazepine compared to the control drugs group (2.64±0.04 and 146.67±4.11) respectively. In addition serum concentration of magnesium (1.35±0.04) was significantly higher in the subjects compared to the control group (1.04±0.02) but within the normal range. Inorganic phosphate though significantly lower in the subjects was also within the normal range. In the control group, serum concentration of calcium was strongly correlated with concentration of magnesium, alkaline phoshatase and inorganic phosphate. This linearity was lost completely in epileptic patients on carbamazepine. In this study, an increase in serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, magnesium and a decrease in inorganic phosphate were found in epileptic patients on carbamazepine monotherapy. Monitoring serum concentration of these electrolytes may be of benefit to the patients’ management.