Browsing by Author "Ibrahim Ajadi"

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    Bioactive compounds and microbial evaluation of African walnuts (Tetracarpidium conophorum (Mull. Arg.) Hutch & Dalziel) retailed in Ilorin Metropolis
    (Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agriculture Sciences and natural Sciences University., 2024-11-13) Ganiyu Olahan; Ibrahim Ajadi; Sulaimon, W.
    The African walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) is a nutrient-dense tropical fruit that provides numerous health benefits and offers a wealth of nutritional value. This study investigated the bioactive compounds and microbes associated with African walnuts retailed in the Ilorin Metropolis. After preparing stock solutions from the obtained nuts, microbial isolations were carried out on Potatoes Dextrose Agar (fungi), Nutrient Agar, and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (bacteria) using the pour plate method. Sixteen bioactive compounds of very significant therapeutic values were identified in the raw nuts using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Also, molecular identification of the fungal species and biochemical characterization of the bacterial species isolated from the nuts revealed the presence of four fungal species, namely Aspergillus niger, Penicillium rolfsii, Rhizopus delemar and Rhizopus arrhizus, as well as three bacterial species, namely Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The GC-MS results revealed the nutritional and medicinal benefits of consuming cooked African walnuts; however, the microbial screening serves as a precaution for those consuming cooked African walnuts retailed in the Ilorin metropolis.
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    Fungal molecular identification and total aflatoxin assessment in stored peanut seeds in Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Published by Department Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Punjab, Pakistan., 2024) Ibrahim Ajadi; G.S. Olahan
    One kilogram each of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds were collected from each of six popular markets with high patronage in Kwara State, North-Central Nigeria, namely Alapa, Ganmo, Ipata, Kaiama, Share and Tsaragi markets. There is lack of reliable information on the fungal species and level of total aflatoxins (TAF) in the peanut seeds sold in these markets. The fungal species associated with the samples were isolated using serial dilution and pour plating methods, and then identified morphologically and molecularly, after which the TAF in each sample was evaluated using the direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA). A total of five fungal species Aspergillus flavus, A. oryzae, Mucor indicus, Rhizopus oryzae and R. arrhizus were isolated from the collected samples. Aflatoxins were present in 66% of the examined peanut seeds at varying values. The highest TAF content viz. 2.5 part per billion (ppb) was recorded in the peanut seeds from Share market, while the lowest TAF content (0.9 ppb) was recorded in the seeds from Alapa market. The TAF content values obtained in this study were within the permissible limits (20 ppb) approved by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), as well as the 10 ppb approved by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) for Peanut seeds in Nigeria. However, prolonged and consistent consumption of peanut seeds with these doses of TAF may result in accumulation of aflatoxins in the body, thereby posing a potential health challenge over time.
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    Fungicidal effect of teak (Tectona grandis L.) extracts on Fusarium oxysporum
    (West University of Timisoara, series of Biology., 2023-12-29) Ganiyu Shittu Olahan; Ibrahim Ajadi; Patience Olayinka Ben-Uwabor
    Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is the pathogen of tomato wilt, a disease of great economic importance worldwide. Although application of synthetic fungicides such as thiophanate methyl and mancozeb can prevent the occurrence of this disease, their effects on the physical environment especially, is a limiting factor. Botanicals, i.e. plantbased fungicides are now being preffered for controlling fungal pathogens because they have minimal environmental impact and are less dangerous to consumers in contrast to synthetic fungicides. Teak leaves have been reported to possess a very great antimicrobial activity because of their high content of phytochemicals. In an effort to develop eco-friendly chemical strategy for control of Fusarium wilt disease of tomato plants, in vitro effect of 10, 30 and 50% (w/v) concentrations of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of teak (Tectona grandis L.) on the radial growth of the mycelia of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was investigated using the pour plate method. Results of the study revealed that both extracts retarded the radial growth of mycelia of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici compared to that of the control, with the ethanolic extract having a greater effect at the concentrations tested in this study. It is therefore recommended that an in vivo study of effects of the same leaf extracts on wilt – infected tomato plants be conducted.