Browsing by Author "Ibrahim, S.O."
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Item CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Phyllanthus amarus (SCHUM & THONN)(Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2017-06-01) Zubair, M.F.; Atolani, O.; Ibrahim, S.O.; Adebisi, O.O.; Hamid, A.A.; Sowunmi, R.A.The chemical composition of the leave extracts of Phyllanthus amarus (Schum and Thonn) of the family Euphorbiaceae from Nigeria was analyzed by GC-MS. The extracts were also examined for their potential to inhibit the growth of clinical isolates following standard procedure. The major compounds identified in the hexane extract are a flavonoid, flavone 4’,5,7-triethoxy-3,3’,6- trimethoxy (20.23%) and a triterpenoid 17-(1,5-Dimethylhexyl)-6-hydroxy-5-methylestr-9-en-3-yl acetate (19.02%) while bufalin (18.71%) and tetratetracontane (12.91%) were the major compounds detected in the methanol extract. Steroidal triterpenoids are the major compounds present in the extracts as it accounted for 47% of the total detectable content in the hexane extract and 52% in the methanol extract. The steroidal triterpenoids which exist primarily as acetate in the hexane extract include cycloeucalenyl acetate, ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol acetate, macdougallin, 17-(1,5-Dimethylhexyl)-6-hydroxy-5-methylestr-9-en-3-yl acetate, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol while the methanol extract contains 6,7-epoxypregn-4-ene-9,11,18-triol-3,20-dione, 11,18-diacetate, bufalin, olean-13(18)-ene, methyl ursolate, barringenol R1 and 7,8- epoxylanostan-11-ol,3-acetoxy. Hexane extract of the plant exhibited antifungal activity on Candida albicans while methanol extract revealed significant antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus at all concentrations of the extract between 12.5 and 100 mg/mL, the activity being comparable to the standard antibacterial drug, Oxacillin. The leaves of Phyllanthus amarus is a potential source of steroidal triterpenoids which could serve as biomarker for the plant species. The extracts of the plant may also serve as a natural source of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of some microbial infections.Item An Evaluation of Factors Determining Earnings Management in Nigeria(Amity International Business School, 2017) Abdullahi, Ibrahim Bello; Ibrahim, S.O.Earnings management has been a source of concern to tile relevant stakeholders in financial reporting in tile recent time. Consequences of the practice range from loss of investments to total collapse of the affected firms and ultimately, loss of jobs. Hence, tile main objective of this study is to evaluate factors determining earnings management in Nigeria. Specifically, the study assesses tile impact of capital market reform on tile earnings management and examines how: firm's size; institutional shareholding; board size; independence of the board of directors; and auditors' independence, influence earnings management drive of the managers. The study employed secondary data that covered the period between 2009 and 2013. The data obtained were subjected to panel estimated generalised least square method of regression analysis. The study revealed that firm size, board size, independence of tile board; exert significant influence at 5 level of significance on managers' drive to engage in earnings management. The study therefore recommends among others that The Nigerian Security and Exchange Commission should as a matter of policy direct every listed firm to have a stated minimum number of independent directors on its board of directors; and concludes that such measure reduce earnings manipulation in Nigeria.Item On the number of order-preserving alternating semigroups(Journal of Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics. Published by Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics., 2014-11) Bakare, G. N.,; Ibrahim, S.O.; MakanjuolaA semigroup is an algebraic structure consisting of a non-empty set S together with an associative binary operation. A transformation on X is a function from X to itself. Transformation semigroups are one of the most fundamental mathematical objects. They occur in theoretical computer science, where properties of language depend on algebraic properties of various transformation semigroups related to them. Let Cn the symmetricinverse semigroup on Xn = {1,2,3,…,,n}, Anc be the alternating semigroups on n-0bject and OAnc be its subsemigroup of order preserving alternating semigroup of Xn. The set E(OAnc) and N(OAnc) be its idempotent and nilpotent elements of order preserving alternating semigroups of Xn. In this paper, we obtain and discuss formulae for the number of E(OAnc) and N(OAcn) respectively. We also characterize the Green relation on OAcn.