Browsing by Author "Ibrahim, H. K."
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Item Analysis of the determinants of plantain supply by smallholder farmers in Osun State, Nigeria.(Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, 2018) Ojediran, E. O.; Adewumi, M. O.; Falola, A.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Belewu, K. Y.; Oyedeji, O. A.This study analyzed the determinants of supply among plantain farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. A four-stage sampling technique was adopted for this study. The first stage involved a purposive selection of Ife Agricultural zone due to its high plantain production and marketing activities in the area. The second stage involves the random selection of Ife North and Ife South Local Government Areas (LGAs) from the four LGAs that make up the Agricultural zone. The third stage involved the random selection of six) villages from each of the selected local governments making a total of 12 villages. Thereafter, 10 plantain farmers were randomly selected from each of the 12 villages. In all, 120 farmers were used for the study and data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Square Regression model. The results of the study revealed that 69.2% of the sampled farming household heads were male. The significant factors influencing the decision to supply plantain in the study area were distance to market, current market price, household size, quantity processed and farm size. The current price of plantain, quantity processed and farm size were positively significant suggesting a direct relationship while household size and distance to market were found to be negatively significant suggesting an inverse relationship with supply. It is therefore recommended that farmers should be encouraged to increase the supply of plantain by providing adequate and easy means of processing and disposing their product to curb loss as well as making up a centralised price both at the farm-gate level and at the market.Item Assessment of physico-mechanical properties of clay deposits in Asa local government area of Kwara State Nigeria for industrial applications(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2019) Shuaib-Babata, Yusuf Lanre; Ambali, i. i.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Ajao, K. S.; Elakhame, Z. U.; Aremu, N. I.; Odeniyi, O. M.Adequate information about the properties of most available clay materials in Nigeria is necessary to enhance their industrial applications. Availability of this information will adversely reduce importation of refractory materials and its products into the country, since the mineral resources are abundantly available in the country. This study evaluated the chemical and physico-mechanical properties of some selected clay deposits across the three districts of Asa Local Government Area (LGA) of Kwara State to ascertain their suitability for refractory and other industrial applications. The results revealed that the clay samples were mainly alumina-silica based with silica and alumina concentrations of 47.30 – 58.50% and 32.75 – 34.30% respectively. The physico-mechanical properties exhibited by the clay samples included: clay content (33.80-72.20%), linear shrinkage (6.10-9.80%), moisture content (21.00-33.00%), bulk density (1.99 - 2.87 g/cm3), apparent porosity (21.00-37.00%), permeability (73-94), compressive strength (213-840 N/mm2), thermal shock resistance (+29 cycles), specific gravity (2.18-2.52) and refractoriness (>1300oC). The properties were within the required standard values which make the clays suitable for insulating materials, refractories for low-medium thermal applications and Shuaib-Babata USEP: Journal of Research Information in Civil Engineering, Vol.16, No.2, 2019 et al 2728 manufacturing of ceramics. Though, Afon, Bakase and Ballah clay samples may require the addition of organic matter to enhance the clays’ suitability for applications that may require a higher value of porosity and permeability and low density. Effective utilization of Asa L.G.A. clays will help to domesticate the production of refractory products and enhance the establishment of Small and Medium Scale Foundry Enterprises in Nigeria in addressing the problem of unemploymentItem Characterization of Belle Natural Moulding Sand for Foundry Application.(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria, 2019-02-18) Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.,; Nafiu, M. B.,; Ajao, K. S.,; Ambali, I. O.,; Elakhame, Z. U.,; Busari, O. Y.,; Ibrahim, H. K.; Aremu, N. I.There exists vast availability of natural sands which may be suitable for foundry applications in different locations Kwara State in particular and generally in Nigeria. The sands need to be identified and characterised for productive and profitable foundry practices. In this study, assessment of chemical and physicomechanical properties of the natural moulding sand in Belle community of Kwara State, Nigeria was carried out to ascertain its suitability for foundry applications. The analysis of the sand samples’ Chemical compositions were done using an XRF Analyser, while American foundry-men Society, ASTM and British standards laboratory tests procedures were adopted appropriately to determine the sand’s physico-mechanical properties. The results of chemical composition analysis showed that SiO2 have dominance proportion in the sand sample with an average value of 92.90 %, followed by Al2O3 (5.13%). CaO, Fe2O3, MgO, K2O, Na2O, ZnO and MnO were present within acceptable limits as trace elements. The results showed average physico-mechanical properties of the natural moulding sand sample to include grain fineness number (126), bulk density (1765 Kg/m3 ), moisture contents (7.66%), specific gravity (2.64), permeability (0.1cm/s), green compressive strength (51KN/m2 ), dry compressive strength (209KN/m2 ), flowability (65.22%), clay content (10%) shatter index (76%) and refractoriness (>900o C), which were within the required standards for casting of non-ferrous metal. Thus, Belle sand was found suitable for casting of non-ferrous metals. Though, there may be a need for the use of additives like bentonite, to enhance the sand’s clay content in order to increase the sand potential for foundry applicationsItem Characterization of Belle Natural Moulding Sand for Foundry Applications(USEP: Journal of Research Information in Civil Engineering, 2019) Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Nafiu, M. B.; Ajao, K. S.; Ambali, I. O.; Elakhame, Z. U.; Busari, Y. O.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Aremu, N. I.There exists vast availability of natural sands which may be suitable for foundry applications in different locations Kwara State in particular and generally in Nigeria. The sands need to be identified and characterised for productive and profitable foundry practices. In this study, assessment of chemical and physicomechanical properties of the natural moulding sand in Belle community of Kwara State, Nigeria was carried out to ascertain its suitability for foundry applications. The analysis of the sand samples’ Chemical compositions were done using an XRF Analyser, while American foundry-men Society, ASTM and British standards laboratory tests procedures were adopted appropriately to determine the sand’s physico-mechanical properties. The results of chemical composition analysis showed that SiO2 have dominance proportion in the sand sample with an average value of 92.90 %, followed by Al2O3 (5.13%). CaO, Fe2O3, MgO, K2O, Na2O, ZnO and MnO were present within acceptable limits as trace elements. The results showed average physico-mechanical properties of the natural moulding sand sample to include grain fineness number (126), bulk density (1765 Kg/m3), moisture contents (7.66%), specific gravity (2.64), permeability (0.1cm/s), green compressive strength (51KN/m2), dry compressive strength (209KN/m2), flowability (65.22%), clay content (10%) shatter index (76%) and refractoriness (>900oC), which were within the required standards for casting of non-ferrous metal. Thus, Belle sand was found suitable for casting of non-ferrous metals. Though, there may be a need for the use of additives like bentonite, to enhance the sand’s clay content in order to increase the sand potential for foundry applications.Item Development of Abrasive Sandpaper Grains from Agro-Waste Material for Polishing of Wood Surface(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria, 2019-01) Ibrahim, H. K.; Abdulhamid, A. S.; Abdulkareem, S.; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Popoola, O. T.; Kareem, A. G.; Adeyi, A. M.; Busari, O. Y.; Ambali, I. O.In Nigeria, natural and some synthetisynthetic abrasive grains used in manufacturing of sandpaper such as silicon carbide, aluminum oxide and aluminum silicate mineral are scarce and expensive. The aim of this paper focused on development of sandpaper grains from agricultural waste material (Coconut shell) and resin (binder) for smoothening of wood surface. Sieving analysis was conducted in particle sizes of P40 (420 μm) and P60 (250 μm) sandpaper grit size (according to Federation of European Producers of Abrasive standard). The Physical and Mechanical properties were determined and compared with properties of conventional products (P60 and P40 Garnet Paper). Surface finish assessments were carried out with visual inspection on selected wood. The result from elemental composition analysis showed that the produced sample grains contain some hard ceramic materials needed for effective polishing or surface finishing. The physical and mechanical properties of the grains samples were found to have close properties with the standard conventional sand paper. Hardness and compressive strength of Coconut shell (CNS) grains/resin composites samples increased with increase in polyester resin concentration. Samples made from 250 μm sieve size showed better mechanical properties than the corresponding samples from 420 μm sieve size. The wear rate of CNS/resin composites was also found to increase with increase in load (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 g) and temperature (50 and 150 oC. Also, result from visual examination shows that the CNS specimens contribute to high material removal but not smoother due to grain sizes considered for this studyItem Development of Abrasive Sandpaper Grains from Agro-Waste Material for Polishing of Wood Surface(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria, 2019-02) Ibrahim, H. K.; Abdulhamid, A. S.; Abdulkareem, S.; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Popoola, O. T; Kareem, A. G.; Adeyi, A. M.; Busari, O. Y.; Ambali, I. O.In Nigeria, natural and some synthetic abrasive grains used in manufacturing of sandpaper such as silicon carbide, aluminum oxide and aluminum silicate mineral are scarce and expensive. The aim of this paper focused on development of sandpaper grains from agricultural waste material (Coconut shell) and resin (binder) for smoothening of wood surface. Sieving analysis was conducted in particle sizes of P40 (420 μm) and P60 (250 μm) sandpaper grit size (according to Federation of European Producers of Abrasive standard). The Physical and Mechanical properties were determined and compared with properties of conventional products (P60 and P40 Garnet Paper). Surface finish assessments were carried out with visual inspection on selected wood. The result from elemental composition analysis showed that the produced sample grains contain some hard ceramic materials needed for effective polishing or surface finishing. The physical and mechanical properties of the grains samples were found to have close properties with the standard conventional sand paper. Hardness and compressive strength of Coconut shell (CNS) grains/resin composites samples increased with increase in polyester resin concentration. Samples made from 250 μm sieve size showed better mechanical properties than the corresponding samples from 420 μm sieve size. The wear rate of CNS/resin composites was also found to increase with increase in load (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 g) and temperature (50 and 150 oC. Also, result from visual examination shows that the CNS specimens contribute to high material removal but not smoother due to grain sizes considered for this study.Item Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Thermally Dried Galvanized Roofing Sheets Production Process(University POLITEHNICA Timisoara, 2020) 1. Ohijeagbon, I. O.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Adewuyi, O. A.; Fayomi, A. A.Abstract: Energy and exergy analysis of a thermally dried galvanized roofing sheets production plant was investigated. Data related to the operating units of the plant were analysed and used for the parametric analysis of the energy and exergy performance of the plant. The highest energy efficiency experienced in the precuring operation was in the pre-mixing and mixing operating units with a value of 90.91% each. The energy efficiency in the boiler and autoclave units of the curing operations were found to be 78.02 and 82.04% respectively. The boiler had a higher exergy efficiency of 58.31% compared to the autoclave with an exergy efficiency of 19.06%. The parametric analysis of the autoclave shows that the energy efficiency and exergy destruction both increased from 75.33 to 84.71% and from 54.72 to 95.70% as the exit temperature reduced from 100 to 30oC, while the exergy efficiency reduced from 45.28 to 4.30% within the same exit temperature range. The overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the plant were obtained as 80.03% and 42.13%. The method provides an approach to mitigate operational losses and enhance efficient utilization of energy of thermally dried galvanized roofing sheets production plants and similar industrial processes.Item Farmers' willingness to incur big data related expenses: Opportunities for mitigating losses in mango value chain in Benue State, Nigeria.(Federal University, Wukari., 2017) Ajibade, T. B.; Falola, A.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Bankole, F.A.; Ajibade, E. T.Item Hardness and Tensile Properties of Prophylactic Knee Brace Produced from Cow Bone and Periwinkle Shell Composites(Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2019-06) Abdulkareem, S.; Adekaye, T. A.; Abdulrahim, A. T.; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Ajiboye, T. K.; Ahmed, I. I.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Adebisi, J. A.; Yahaya, TApplication of reinforced aluminium scrap for the production of prophylactic knee brace (Pkb) particularly with agro-waste materials is rarely available. In this work, hardness and tensile properties of aluminium alloy (Al 6063) straps reinforced with cow bone (Cb) and periwinkle shell (Ps) for the production of Pkb were investigated. The Cb and Ps sourced were cleaned and the Cb was sun-dried for 4 weeks before crushing with Denver laboratory Ball mill (Model: 48-D0500/Q). The Ps was also crushed, sun-dried for 7 days and treated in the oven (Model SDO/225) at 110 oC for 30 minutes to remove moisture. The particle size of 75 μm was used to cast six (6) each of aluminium/cowbone (Al/Cb) and aluminium/periwinkle shell (Al/Ps) composites. The cast aluminium composites of Pkb and original Pkb were investigated for density, hardness, and tensile properties. It was observed that addition of Cb and Ps in the cast Pkb gave a density of 2.68 g/cm3 and 2.60 g/cm3 respectively. The average values of hardness and tensile strength obtained were 41.18 BHN and 135.88 MPa respectively when Ps was added to the cast aluminium Pkb, while addition of Cb gave harness values of 40.45 BHN and tensile strength of 134.63 MPa.Item Numerical Evaluation of Fatigue Crack Growth of Structural Steels using Energy Release Rate with VCCT.(MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, 2022-03) Busari, Y. O.; Manurung, Y.H.P.; Leitner, M.; Shuaib‐Babata, Y. L.; Mat, M. F.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Simunek, D.; Sulaiman, M. S.This research presents the numerical evaluation of fatigue crack growth of structural steels S355 and S960 based on Paris’ law parameters (C and m) that are experimentally determined with a single edge notched tension (SENT) specimen using optical and crack gauge measurements on an electromotive resonance machine at constant amplitude load. The sustainable technique is replacing destructive, time‐consuming and expensive approaches in structural integrity. The crack propagation is modelled using the 3D finite element method (FEM) with adaptive remeshing of tetrahedral elements along with the crack initiator elements provided in simulation software for crack propagation based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The stress intensity is computed based on the evaluation of energy release rates according to Irwin’s crack closure integral with applied cyclic load of 62.5 MPa, 100 MPa and 150 MPa and stress ratios of R = 0 and 0.1. In order to achieve optimized mesh size towards load cycle and computational time, mesh and re‐mesh sensitivity analysis is conducted. The results indicate that the virtual crack closure technique VCCT‐based 3D FEM shows acceptable agreement compared to the experimental investigation with the percentage error up to 7.9% for S355 and 12.8% for S960 structural steel.Item Production of Abrasive Sandpaper Using Periwinkle Shell and Crab Shell(Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2020) Ambali, I. O.; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Abdulqadir, L. B.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Aremu, I. N.; Ibrahim, T. O.In this study, the properties of periwinkle shell and crab shell grains, such as hardness, compressive strength and wear resistancewere examinedfor their suitability as abrasive materials. The binding effect of polyester resin at high concentrationwas also considered. Through the processof crushing, grinding and subsequently sieving using ASTM E11 set of sieves, the shells were processedinto grit standards grain sizes of P40 and P60. Furthermore, by mixing and mould compression using a hydraulic press polymer matrix composite with particles varying from 96 wt.% to 92 wt.% and resin 3 wt.% to 7 wt.% with 1 wt.% each of cobalt naphthalene and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide hardenerrespectively were developedfrom the grits. It was found that, with an increase in polyester resin content, thehardness and compressive strength increased, while the wear rate decreased. The composition with 92 wt.% periwinkle shell grains to 7 wt.% polyester resin was found to be with the most improved abrasive properties.Item Quality Characteristics of Commercially Available Brake Pads for Light Weight Vehicles in Nigeria Market.(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria, 2019-06-20) Abdulkareem, S; Ajiboye, T. K.,; Balogun, O. S.,; Ibrahim, H. K.Many experimental studies on the different compositions of brake pads have been carried out with the goal of providing sufficient wear resistance, stable friction and acceptable environmental conditions. However, the variation of the coefficient of friction and performance properties depends on it materials. The presence of different types of brake pads in the Nigerian market today makes it imperative to make a clear distinctions with regards to quality and performance. This study investigate the quality characteristics of commercially obtained brake pad for light weight vehicles with respect to their physical and mechanical properties. The vehicles considered for this study were those with gross weight of between 1500 – 3500 Kg in Ilorin. The brake pads of three different vehicle brands were procured and labelled A, B and C respectively. The properties examined were Brinell hardness, tensile strength, compressive strength, impact strength and coefficient of friction by following standard test in each case. The results obtained showed that at 3000 Kgf, sample A, B and C has Brinell hardness values of 117.15, 106.68 and 103.22 respectively. Sample C has the highest yield force under tensile at 815.03 N followed by sample A at 520.87 N and sample B at 426.51 N. Under compression, sample B has the highest yield force of 32.46 KN while sample A has 17.68 KN and sample C recorded 14.59 KN. The three test samples showed impact strengths of between 69 – 69.17 J with sample B having the highest impact strengths of 69.17 J. The coefficient of friction obtained ranges between 0.32 – 0.34. The results indicate non-uniformity in brake pads composition in the study area and the local authority involved with standardization needs to enforce strict adherence to standardsItem QUALITY EVALUATION OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE STEELS IN SOME SELECTED NIGERIAN MARKETS(University Politehnica Timsoara, Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara, 2019-05) Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Adewuyi, R. A.; Ajao, K. S.; Ambali, I. O.; Aremu, N. I.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Abdul, J. M.The incessant building collapse and structural failures in Nigeria has renewed interests in the evaluation of the basic properties of reinforcing steel bars in Nigeria markets, since local markets serve as major source of supply for the steels used in construction and structural development. Thus, this study evaluated the quality of commercially available reinforcing steel bars in some selected markets with a view to determine their suitability for structural applications. Various steel bars samples were obtained from markets in four Nigeria cities. The basic physico-mechanical properties of the samples were examined and the obtained results were compared with the specified parameters in Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS), ASTM and British Standards. Visual inspections revealed that most of the parameters that must to be indicated in identification marks on reinforcing steel bars were absent. Results also showed that the samples contained the basic chemical constituents of steel and possessed significant strengths and hardness values, but with noticeable inconsistencies in their contents. Thus, the level of compliance with the specified properties in the standards needs improvement. To avoid incessant structural failures in the country, regular and effective monitoring of the quality of steel bars in the markets for structural applications becomes imperative.Item Quality Evaluation of Commercially Available Steels in Some Selected Nigerian Markets.(Published by University Politehnica Timisoara, Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara , 5, Revolutiei, 331128, Hunedoara, Romania., 2019-02-14) Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.,; Adewuyi, R .A.,; Ajao, K. S.,; Ambali, I. O.,; Aremu, N. I.,; Ibrahim, H. K.; Abdul, J. M.The incessant building collapse and structural failures in Nigeria has renewed interests in the evaluation of the basic properties of reinforcing steel bars in Nigeria markets, since local markets serve as major source of supply for the steels used in construction and structural development. Thus, this study evaluated the quality of commercially available reinforcing steel bars in some selected markets with a view to determine their suitability for structural applications. Various steel bars samples were obtained from markets in four Nigeria cities. The basic physico-mechanical properties of the samples were examined and the obtained results were compared with the specified parameters in Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS), ASTM and British Standards. Visual inspections revealed that most of the parameters that must to be indicated in identification marks on reinforcing steel bars were absent. Results also showed that the samples contained the basic chemical constituents of steel and possessed significant strengths and hardness values, but with noticeable inconsistencies in their contents. Thus, the level of compliance with the specified properties in the standards needs improvement. To avoid incessant structural failures in the country, regular and effective monitoring of the quality of steel bars in the markets for structural applications becomes imperative.Item Suitability of Cow Horn as Filler in an Epoxy Composite(University of Port Harcourt, World Bank Assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP) Publisher, 2019-03) Ambali, I. O; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Alasi, T. O.; Aremu, I. N.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Abdulraaman, S. O.This study focuses on assessment of cow horn as filler in an epoxy composite. A particle-reinforced composite was developed using horn particles (HP) and epoxy resin with filler of varying percentage weight (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%. 25%, 30%, 35%, 40 %) at particle sizes of 100 and 150 μm. The composites were developed by hand lay-up technique with varying process parameters. The properties of the developed composites were examined through tensile, flexural and impact tests. The results showed that the tensile properties of the polymers reduced with the incorporation of the cow horn as filler. But at higher curing temperature, a better strength was achieved. Meanwhile, the flexural and impact properties of the polymers increased with the incorporation of the fiber in no particular order. The composite materials with particle size of 100 μm with curing temperature of 80oC exhibited higher tensile (37.58 MPa) and impact properties (74 J) than the lower particles. Generally, the cow horn was found to be a good potential filler in the composite if prepared using higher curing temperature as exhibited through its mechanical properties.Item Suitability of some Selected Ado-Ekiti (Nigeria) Natural Moulding Sands’ Properties for Sand Casting(Covenant University Faculty of Engineering, 2017-12) Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Yaru, S. S.; Abdulkareem, S.; Ajayi, S.; Busari, Y. O.; Ajao, K. S.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Ambali, I. O.; Mohammed, G. A.In achieving accelerated and sustaining economic growth and development in Nigeria, there is need for domestication of finished goods production through sustainable industrialization. Foundry technology is one of the vital bases for rapid industrial development of any nation. Samples of moulding sand at green state were collected from four different moulding sand deposits within Ado-Ekiti in Nigeria. The samples were prepared using ASTM and British standards, while the materials’ Physico-mechanical properties were evaluated using American Foundry Society (AFS) guidelines. The results obtained from the tests were compared with the AFS’s satisfactory mould sand properties for various types of metal castings. The sand samples were found to meet the requirements for casting various metals of different types like Aluminum, brass and bronze, light and malleable iron, light and medium grey iron, except heavy steel. The presence of red oxide in the sands and the specimens’ higher compressive strength values show that the natural sands will be suitable for casting of non- ferrous metal of low temperature. Effective application of the sample sands in casting will also enhance industrialization, job creation and the nation selfreliance through reduction in importation of foundry sand and foundry products into the country.Item Suitability of some Selected Ado-Ekiti (Nigeria) Natural Moulding Sands’ Properties for Sand Casting(Faculty of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria, 2017-12) Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Yaru, S. S.; Abdulkareem, S; Ajayi, S; Busari, Y. O.; Ajao, K. S.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Ambali, I. O.; Mohammed, G. A.In achieving accelerated and sustaining economic growth and development in Nigeria, there is need for domestication of finished goods production through sustainable industrialization. Foundry technology is one of the vital bases for rapid industrial development of any nation. Samples of moulding sand at green state were collected from four different moulding sand deposits within Ado-Ekiti in Nigeria. The samples were prepared using ASTM and British standards, while the materials’ Physico-mechanical properties were evaluated using American Foundry Society (AFS) guidelines. The results obtained from the tests were compared with the AFS’s satisfactory mould sand properties for various types of metal castings. The sand samples were found to meet the requirements for casting various metals of different types like Aluminum, brass and bronze, light and malleable iron, light and medium grey iron, except heavy steel. The presence of red oxide in the sands and the specimens’ higher compressive strength values show that the natural sands will be suitable for casting of non- ferrous metal of low temperature. Effective application of the sample sands in casting will also enhance industrialization, job creation and the nation selfreliance through reduction in importation of foundry sand and foundry products into the country.