Browsing by Author "G.S. Olahan"

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    Characterization of fungal Contaminants in Fermented Locust Beans in Kwara State, Nigeria: Implications for Food Safety
    (Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, 2024-11-01) G.S. Olahan; I. Ajadi; P.O. Ben - Uwabor; S.E. Adebayo
    Fermented locust bean seeds are utilized for seasoning in various traditional dishes. Its production is mostly under unhygienic conditions by majorly illiterate women who care less about microbial contamination of the final product. Consumption of any contaminated food can cause health complications in humans. DNA extraction offers a distinct method for identifying organisms. This study aimed at isolating the mycoflora associated with fermented locust bean seeds collected from 3 villages in Kwara State, Nigeria using both morphological and molecular techniques. Morphologically, isolate A was yellowish – green, B was black; C was initially white, but turned to brown later, while D was cottony and white in colour. DNA of each of the isolates was extracted using Zymo Fungal/Bacteria DNA Miniprep Kit. PCR amplification of the ITS regions of the isolates was carried out using primer pair; ITS1 and ITS4. The products were then sequenced and the results after BLAST search revealed that Isolate A is Aspergillus flavus, B is A. niger, C is Rhizopus arrhizus and D is Mucor indicus. The fermented locust bean seeds from Madi village had the highest fungal count (7.2 X 103 cfu/ml), while that from Ogundele village had the lowest (1.4 X 103 cfu/ml). The presence of Aspergillus niger and A. flavus (mycotoxigenic fungi) in this study poses a significant public health risk. Therefore, it is important to encourage the villagers involved in fermented locust bean production and storage in these villages to be more hygienic.
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    Fungal molecular identification and total aflatoxin assessment in stored peanut seeds in Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Published by Department Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Punjab, Pakistan., 2024) Ibrahim Ajadi; G.S. Olahan
    One kilogram each of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds were collected from each of six popular markets with high patronage in Kwara State, North-Central Nigeria, namely Alapa, Ganmo, Ipata, Kaiama, Share and Tsaragi markets. There is lack of reliable information on the fungal species and level of total aflatoxins (TAF) in the peanut seeds sold in these markets. The fungal species associated with the samples were isolated using serial dilution and pour plating methods, and then identified morphologically and molecularly, after which the TAF in each sample was evaluated using the direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA). A total of five fungal species Aspergillus flavus, A. oryzae, Mucor indicus, Rhizopus oryzae and R. arrhizus were isolated from the collected samples. Aflatoxins were present in 66% of the examined peanut seeds at varying values. The highest TAF content viz. 2.5 part per billion (ppb) was recorded in the peanut seeds from Share market, while the lowest TAF content (0.9 ppb) was recorded in the seeds from Alapa market. The TAF content values obtained in this study were within the permissible limits (20 ppb) approved by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), as well as the 10 ppb approved by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) for Peanut seeds in Nigeria. However, prolonged and consistent consumption of peanut seeds with these doses of TAF may result in accumulation of aflatoxins in the body, thereby posing a potential health challenge over time.
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    Haematological, Serum Biochemical and Histopathological Changes in Acute and Sub - Chronic Aqueous Extract of Oyster Mushroom in Male Wiskar Rats.
    (Faculty of Sciences, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh., 2022-10-21) T. Garuba; I.T. Olabanji; O.M. Awogboro; G.S. Olahan; S.A. Atunwa; O.A. Ahmed; A. Aremu; M. Bolaji; A.A. Adegboye; S. Sabiu
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    Integrated system for cashew disease management and yield
    (Cameroon Forum for Biological Sciences, 2019-12-21) D.E. Adeniyi; D.A. Animasaun; A.A. Abdulrahaman; K.S. Olorunmaiye; G.S. Olahan; O.A. Adeji
    Cashew is an important fruit tree majorly cultivated for edible nuts which provides income to farmers. Productivity and quality of the nuts are threatened by disease infestation; major fungal disease that affects cashew is inflorescence dieback caused by Lasiodiplodia species. Huge crop losses are recorded and problem intensified due to dearth of information on its management in Nigeria. Carbendazim, Mancozeb, extracts of Ageratum conyzoides, Carica papaya, Chromolaena odorata were used in spray application to manage the disease. Records of dieback incidence, severity index, disease reduction and nut yield were taken. Data were analyzed using SAS and mean difference were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The treatment types showed efficacy to reduce incidence, dieback severity and improved yield. Cashew trees treated with integration of mancozeb with C. odorata was consistently higher in severity but produced highest nut yield in 2013 and 2015 seasons. The nut yield record was higher in trees treated with A. conyzoides and C. papaya-only compared to C. odorata, however cashew nut yield was generally higher in integrated systems. However, most effective system that improved yield were integration of Mancozeb with C. odorata, Carbendazim with A. conyzoides, Carbendazim with C. papaya and integration of Mancozeb with A. conyzoides
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    Mycoflora of cowdung used as organic manure
    (2018-05-08) G.S. Olahan; B.F. Oluwaseun; M.A. Idowu
    Cow dung is one of the most important sources of organic manure which is often used by local farmers due to its low cost and easy availability. It is therefore necessary to isolate and identify the mycoflora present in it so as to know whether such mycoflora are pathogenic or not. The cow dung sample used in this study was collected from some fields within the University of Ilorin Main Campus and taken to the Biology laboratory for mycoflora analysis using standard methods. Five fungal species were isolated and their pure cultures were identified as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Mucor sp. A. niger, A. flavus and A. fumigatus are pathogenic while S. cerevisiae and Mucor sp. are saprophytic. It is therefore recommended that cow dungs be properly treated so as to eliminate these pathogens from them if they are to be used as organic manure
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    T. Garuba et al. (2020). Proximate composition and chemical profiles of Reishi mushroom (Gonoderma lucidum (Curt: Fr.) Karst). Journal of Scientific Research, 12(1): 103 – 110.
    (Published by JSR Publications., 2020) T. Garuba; G.S. Olahan; A.A. Lateef; R.O. Alaya; M. Awolowo; A. Sulyman
    Ganoderma lucidum is a mushroom commonly used in folk medicine especially Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) but information on its nutritional and chemical profiles remains insufficient. This work aimed at evaluating proximate composition and identification of bioactive compounds in ethanolic extract of G. lucidum. Pulverized G. lucidum was suspended in ethanol in 1:10 and extraction was carried out by rotary evaporation to produce G. lucidum extract (GLE). Proximate composition of the sample was analyzed. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out to identify different functional groups in GLE. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the bioactive compounds of the sample. Proximate analysis revealed that the amount of carbohydrate in sample was the highest (44.95%), followed by protein (15.75%). FTIR results showed that OH, C=O, C-OH, N-H 1* and 2* and alkyl halide are functional groups in GLE. A total of twelve (12) bioactive compounds were identified and the most prevailing compound in GLE was ethyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate (45.95%), followed by ethylhexadecanoate / ethyl palmitate (18.09%). Guaiacol (4.95%), octadecanoic acid (5.37%), ethylcyclohexane (3.31%) were also present. It can be inferred from this study that G. lucidum is nutritional and contains bioactive compounds that are useful in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.