Browsing by Author "Femi John Fawole"

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    Additional feeding of vitamin–mineral‐based nutraceutical to stress‐exposed rohu, Labeo rohita, enhances the IGF‐1 gene expression and growth
    (Hindawi Limited, 2020-04-03) Shamna Nazeemashahul; Narottam Prasad Sahu; Parimal Sardar; Femi John Fawole; Sarvendra Kumar
    One thousand and eighty rohu fingerlings with an average size of 8.5 ± 0.5 g were randomly distributed in 6 distinct experimental groups in triplicates, where the first three groups were exposed to high stocking density (HSD; 20 nos/ 75 L water) with restricted feeding (RF), viz. THR0 (HSD, RF, 0% nutraceutical), THR1 (HSD, RF, 0.1% nutraceutical) and THR5 (HSD, RF, 0.5% nutraceutical), and second three groups were exposed to normal stocking density (NSD; 10 nos /75 L water) with satiation feeding (SF) and designated as TNS0 (NSD, SF, 0% nutraceutical), TNS1 (NSD, SF, 0.1% nutraceutical) and TNS5 (NSD, SF, 0.5% nutraceutical). The weight gain (WG) %, specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and IGF-1 expression were significantly lower, whereas feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were significantly higher in fish exposed to HSD with RF at monthly sampling. Feeding of 0.1% dietary nutraceutical resulted in a significantly higher WG%, SGR, PER and IGF-1 expression and lower FCR, SOD and catalase activities at the end of the third and fourth month of feeding in HSD with RF groups. The present study concluded that 3-month feeding of 0.1% nutraceutical could improve growth and reduce stress in fish.
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    Combined Effects of Leucas aspera, Oxy-Cyclodextrin and Bentonite on the Growth, Serum Biochemistry, and the Expression of Immune-Related Gene in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
    (Central Fisheries Research Institute (SUMAE), 2020-12-29) Amitha Kurian; Sreeja Lakshmi; Femi John Fawole; Caterina Faggio; Preetham Elumalai
    This study investigated the effects of a combination of Leucas aspera, Oxy-cyclodextrin and sodium bentonite (LOB) on growth, digestive enzyme activity, innate immune response, haematology, and expression of immune-related genes in Nile tilapia. A total of 240 juvenile fish (20.15±0.05g) were randomly distributed into four dietary groups in triplicate and fed respective diets containing a graded level of LOB at 0 g kg-1 (Control), 0.3 g kg-1 (T1), 0.6 g kg-1 (T2) and 0.9 g kg-1 diet (T3) for 60 days. After 60 days, higher growth was observed in fish fed T2 diet (P < 0.05). Digestive enzyme activities and innate immune parameters were significantly higher in T3 group. Some of the haematological parameters reported statistically higher counts in T2 group (P<0.05), whereas erythrocyte indices and WBC counts were significantly higher in T3 group. Liver- kidney activities were recorded low in T3 group. Urea and creatinine were higher in control group, whereas T2 group recorded the least value. The highest relative expression of IL-1β, IgM-heavy chain, TGF-β and IFN-γ were recorded in T2 group, but TNF-α was upregulated in T3 group. The results showed that 0.6 - 0.9 g kg1 of LOB is recommended for inclusion in diet.
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    Dietary combination of pawpaw seed and onion peel powder: Impact on growth, haematology, biochemical and antioxidant status of Clarias gariepinus
    (Hindawi Limited, 2020-04-13) Femi John Fawole; Ayodeji Adeyinka Adeoye; Lateef Oloyede Tiamiyu; Favour Chidimma Samuel; Olawunmi Mercy Omosuyi; Morufat Temitope Amusa
    A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of pawpaw–onion powder (POP) mixture on the growth, and haemato-biochemical and antioxidant responses of Clarias gariepinus (4.02 ± 0.01g/fish) for 60 days. Five trial diets were formulated as control (without POP or antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP)), AGP (basal diet + 10ml AGP/kg diet), POP 2.5 (basal diet + 2.5g POP/kg diet), POP 5.0 (basal diet + 5.0g POP/kg diet) and POP 10 (basal diet + 10g POP/kg diet). Two hundred and twenty-five fish were equally distributed into five groups in triplicate and fed twice daily. The results indicate that AGP or POP supplementation exerted no effects on the growth and blood profile among the various groups, but a significantly higher lymphocyte count was observed in POP 10g/kg. The highest whole-body protein and lipid contents were noticed in fish fed the control diet (p < .05), whereas POP 5.0g/ kg group recorded the highest hepatosomatic value. Furthermore, the cholesterol level was found to be lower in the AGP- and POP-fed fish compared with the higher level recorded in the control. The glucose concentration and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity were found to be higher in POP 2.5-fed fish, whereas POP 10-fed fish showed higher catalase activities compared with other groups (p < .05). Based on the result obtained, this study showed that dietary POP had no significant impact on the growth performance but has direct effects on the whole-body lipid content, lymphocyte count, cholesterol level, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and antioxidant response of Clarias gariepinus.
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    Haemato-immunological response ofLabeo rohita(Hamilton) fingerlings fed leaf extracts and challenged byAeromonas hydrophila
    (Hindawi Limited, 2015-06-25) Femi John Fawole; Arunkumar Ravindran; Narottam Prasad Sahu; Asim Kumar Pal
    A 35 days feeding trial was conducted to assess the haemato-immunological response of Labeo rohita fingerlings fed ethanolic leaf extracts of Psidium guajava and Mangifera indica, and infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Six iso-nitrogenous (354.6–361.6 g kg−1) purified diets were prepared with graded level of leaf extracts viz., control (basal feed without any extract); TG-5 (5 g kg−1 guava extract); TG-10 (10 g kg−1 guava extract); TM-5 (5 g kg−1 mango extract); TM-10 (10 g kg−1 mango extract); and TGM (5 g kg−1 guava extract +5 g kg−1 mango extract). Haematological, immunological, biochemical, along with antioxidant enzyme activities were examined after a 35 day-feeding trial and following a 7 day challenge with A. hydrophila. The haemoglobin, total leucocyte and erythrocyte counts, respiratory burst activity, lysozyme, total protein, albumin and globulin contents increased significantly (P < 0.05) in leaf extracts fed groups compared with the control in pre- and post-challenge conditions. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease was observed in SOD (superoxide dismutase) and catalase activities of the treatment groups compared with the higher value in control. The trends in mortality indicated that groups of fish showing significantly elevated haemato-immunological responses had the lowest mortality following challenge with A. hydrophila. The results showed that extracts of P. guajava and M. indica appear to be potential immunostimulant at an inclusion level of 5 g kg−1 in the diet of rohu. But, mixing of both the extract at similar level did not show any synergistic effect, which needs to be tested at its lower level of inclusion.
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    Nutritional evaluation of protein isolate from rubber seed in the diet of Labeo rohita : Effects on growth performance, nutrient utilization, whole body composition and metabolic enzymes activity
    (Elsevier BV, 2016-09) Femi John Fawole; Narottam Prasad Sahu; K.K. Jain; Subodh Gupta; N. Shamna; Vikas Phulia; D.L. Prabu
    The nutritional potential of protein isolate from rubber seed (RPI) in the diets of Labeo rohita (initial average weight 4.45 ± 0.01 g) was assessed in a 60 days feeding trial. Five isonitrogenous (32.62 ± 0.13 CP Kg−1) and isocaloric (18.47 ± 0.08 MJ kg−1) experimental diets were formulated with graded level of RPI like 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% in replacement for soybean protein isolate (SPI), and designated as Control, RPI25, RPI50, RPI75, RPI100, respectively. The RPI contributed 0%, 13%, 26%, 39% or 52% of the total dietary protein in the diets. Each diets were randomly assigned to 15 experimental tanks containing 12 fish in triplicates and fed to satiation twice daily at 10:00 h and 18:00 h. At the end of the feeding trial, the growth performance and nutrient utilization indices such as percent weight gain (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR), daily growth coefficient (DGC), feed intake (FI), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein retention (PR) values were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by the dietary treatments irrespective of inclusion levels of RPI. A significantly higher (p < 0.05) hepatosomatic index (HSI) was recorded in the control and RPI 50 group compared to other treatment groups (p < 0.05). The intestinal somatic index (ISI) and Survival rate were similar (p > 0.05) in all the groups. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and protein for fish fed the control and RPI 100 diets were found to be similar, while RPI 50 and RPI 75 groups exhibited a significantly lower value corresponding to the protease enzyme activity. The whole body compositions and digestive/metabolic enzymes activities among the various groups did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). The serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the control compared to the RPI fed groups. Significantly higher serum glucose level was recorded in RPI 50, while a reverse was seen in the liver glycogen contents. Overall, this study clearly showed that RPI from rubber seed can serve as alternative protein source in the diets of L. rohita fingerlings without any adverse effects on growth, nutrient utilization and physio-metabolic responses.
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    Replacement of Soybean Meal with Fermented Jatropha curcas Kernel Meal in the Diet of Labeo rohita Fingerlings: Effect on Hemato‐biochemical and Histopathological Parameters
    (Wiley, 2017-08) Vikas Phulia; Parimal Sardar; Narottam Prasad Sahu; N. Shamna; Femi John Fawole; Subodh Gupta; P. D. Gadhave
    Jatropha kernel meal was detoxified through the process of solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus niger fungus. A 60-d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with fermented Jatropha kernel meal (FJKM) on the hemato-biochemical and histopathological parameters in Labeo rohita fingerlings (average weight 6.05 ± 0.04 g). A total of 180 fish were randomly distributed in 12 experimental tanks in four dietary groups, namely control (SBM-based diet), T1 (10% FJKM replacing 33.3% SBM), T2 (20% FJKM replacing 66.7% SBM), and T3 (30% FJKM replacing 100% SBM). There was no significant difference in the red blood cell, white blood cell, hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, globulin, and respiratory burst activity among the various groups, but significantly higher hematocrit value and albumin/globulin ratio were observed in the T2-fed group compared with the control. No statistical difference was found in serum glucose level of the control and FJKM-fed groups. Histopathological examination of the intestine and liver indicated no adverse effects in the control and FJKM-fed groups. Our findings revealed that FJKM can replace 100% SBM protein in the diets of L. rohita fingerlings, without any adverse effects on fish health.
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    Substitution of soybean meal with fermented Jatropha kernel meal: effect on growth performance, body composition, and metabolic enzyme activity of Labeo rohita
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2017-12-09) Vikas Phulia; Parimal Sardar; Narottam Prasad Sahu; Femi John Fawole; N. Shamna; Subodh Gupta
    A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the nutritional potential of fermented Jatropha kernel meal (FJKM) in the diets of rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings. Four iso-nitrogenous (336 g kg−1) and iso-energetic (20 MJ kg−1) diets containing 0, 100, 200, and 300 g kg−1 FJKM in replacement of 0, 33.3, 66.7, and 100% soybean meal protein, respectively, were prepared and designated as control, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. A total of 180 acclimatized fish (average weight 6.05 ± 0.04 g) were equally distributed into four experimental groups in triplicates, and were fed their respective diets to satiation twice daily at 10:00 h and 18:00 h. Higher percent weight gain (%WG); specific growth rate (SGR); protein efficiency ratio (PER); protease, aspartate amino transferase (AST), and alanine amino transferase (ALT) activities; and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded in T2 and T3 groups compared to other groups. Whereas hepatosomatic index (HSI), intestinal somatic index (ISI), and amylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities among the various dietary groups did not vary significantly (P > 0.05). Whole body composition of fish analyzed at the end of the feeding trial exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher ether extract and lower crude protein in the control group compared to the FJKM-fed groups. These results indicated that rohu fingerlings can efficiently utilize FJKM without any detrimental effect on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and metabolic response.