Browsing by Author "Fatoba, P.O."

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    Antifungal Efficacy of Leaf Extracts of Neem, Bitterleaf and Their Mixture Against Ustilago scitamineum
    (Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka., 2022-03-30) Olahan, G.S.; Fatoba, P.O.; Balogun, O.S.
    This study was aimed at evaluating the antifungal activity of leaf extracts of neem, bitterleaf and their mixture against Ustilago scitamineum (Syd.), the pathogen of sugarcane smut disease. A suspension of mancozeb, carbendazim+maneb, matalaxy l+ carboxin + flurathiocarb, pyroquilon, benomyl, chlothalonil and flutriafol are effective as a dip in controlling the disease. However, the listed synthetic fungicides led to emergence of resistant strains of the pathogen and also cause environmental pollution. Hot water treatment of the cane setts at 52º C for 30 minutes before planting is also effective, but this can cause serious injuries on sugarcane farmers if not carefully practiced. Pour Plate method was used to determine antifungal effect of 10, 20 and 30 g/ 100 ml concentrations of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of neem, bitterleaf and their mixture on radial growth of U. scitamineum for 6 days. The tested leaf extracts inhibited mycelial growth of U. scitamineum in vitro, with the ethanolic leaf extracts being more potent at some of the concentrations tested in this study. In conclusion, gradient of antifungal efficacy of the tested leaf extracts against U. scitamineum was: mixed leaf extracts > neem leaf extracts >bitterleaf leaf extracts at all the concentrations used.
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    Incidence of smut and red rot diseases of sugarcane in southern part of Niger State, North central Nigeria
    (Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University., 2021-01-22) Olahan, G.S.; Fatoba, P.O.; Balogun, O.S.
    Sugarcane production is threatened globally by smut and red rot diseases, which farmers in the study area take for granted because they see the diseases as natural calamities associated with large-scale cultivation of sugarcane. Incidence of smut and red rot diseases of sugar-cane in the study area was assessed between October 2016 and June, 2017. Thirty-two sugarcanes (800 per farm) were assessed on forty farms randomly selected from 16 towns/villages in Southern part of Niger State. Each of the sugarcanes aged between 6 and 10 months were observed visually for symptoms of the diseases. Number of infected sugarcanes was used to determine the percentage incidence of the diseases on each farm. Percentage incidence of smut ranged from 25.0 to 35.0 (Bida LGA), 20.0 to 22.5 (Gbako LGA) and 20.0 to 30.4 (Lavun LGA), while percentage incidence of red rot ranged from 5 to 6.5 (Bida LGA), 6.1 to 12.0 (Gbako LGA) and 5.4 to 9.3 (Lavun LGA). Significant pairwise differences at p≤0.05 existed in the means of percentage incidence of smut in Bida and Gbako as well as Bida and Lavun LGAs. Significant pairwise differences at p≤0.05 also existed in the means of percentage incidence of red rot in Bida and Gbako as well as Gbako and Lavun LGAs in this study. The study concluded that smut is of higher incidence in the study area. It is recommended that the local farmers be sensitized to adopt effective control measures for these diseases.