Browsing by Author "Ernest, S.K."
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Item Mucocutaneous disorders of Paediatric HIV in South-West Nigeria: Surrogates for immunologic and virologic indices(South African Medical Association, 2016) Katibi, O.S.; Ogunbiyi, A.O.; Oladokun, R.E.; Ernest, S.K.; Osinusi, K.; Brown, B.J.; Adedoyin, O.T.; Ojuawo, A.I.Objectives: Nigeria has the world’s highest burden of pediatric HIV. In the face of paucity of monitoring tests in Nigeria, we studied the spectrum of pediatric mucocutaneous manifestations and evaluated their clinical utility as surrogate markers for immunodeficiency and plasma viral load levels. Methods: Cross-sectional study comparing mucocutaneous manifestations in 155 HIV-positive children aged 12 weeks to 14 years with 155 HIV-negative children. Relationships between mucocutaneous man ifestations in HIV-infected patients and their immunologic and virologic indices were analyzed. Results: Mucocutaneous lesions were seen in 53.5% of HIV-infected children compared with 18.1% of the controls. Prevalence of lesions increased with worsening levels of immunodeficiency and increasing viral loads (P < .01). Oral candidiasis, angular stomatitis, and fluffy hair were associated with more severe degrees of immunodeficiency. Conclusion: Mucocutaneous disorders are common in HIV-infected children. Oral candidiasis and nutritional dermatoses can be used as surrogates for advanced or severe immunodeficiency.Item Otological Findings Among Nigerian Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia.(Published by Elsevier, Amsterdam., 2008) Alabi, B.S.; Ernest, S.K.; Eletta, P.,; Owolabi, O.A.,; Afolabi, O.A.; & Suleiman, O.A.BACKGROUND/AIM: Various degrees of hearing loss have been associated with sickle cell anaemia, especially of the sensorineural type (SNHL). However, there is little information on hearing pattern among sickle cell children in Nigeria. This study is to determine the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) among children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty (80) stable children aged 4-15 with Hbss attending the pediatric sickle cell clinic and also 60 control patients with HbAA, matched for age, sex at the pediatric general medical clinic of the University of Ilorin teaching hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria, all had prospective study of their pure tone audiological assessment (PTA) and tympanometric evaluations done over a year period. RESULTS: Their age range was 4-15 years with a mean of 9.4 for the Hbss and 9.7 for the control group. The male/female ratio was 1.3:1 and 1.5:1 for SCA and control subjects respectively. 25 subjects (50 ears) had abnormal audiograms among the SCA subjects and OME was the cause in 22 subjects and only three (3) had mild SNHL which was bilateral. However, in the control group 15 had abnormal audiograms and all were due to OME and none had SNHL. OME was bilateral in 19 subjects with SCA, two on the left and only one on the right. In the control group, 11 of the OME was bilateral and only four were on the left side. The prevalence of SNHL was 3.8% and OME was 27.5%. CONCLUSION: We have found a prevalence rate for SNHL of 3.8% for 80 subjects with HbSS, and all cases have been a mild bilateral high frequency SNHL. Our findings suggested that SNHL is uncommon in early childhood, specifically during the years of language acquisition and early schooling. This could mean an age dependant prevalence rate of SNHL among SCA patients. However, no difference in the incidence of OME among both groups which can lead to educational difficulties from the resultant speech and language defects.Item Relationship Between Microalbuminuria and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases Among Secondary School Student in Ilorin, Nigeria(Nepal Paediatric Society, Nepal, 2021) Alabi, K.O; Kayode-Alabi, T.F; Ibrahim, O.R.; Issa, H; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Ernest, S.K.; Ojuawo, A.IIntroduction: Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of deaths with more than half due to coronary heart disease linked with the development of atherosclerosis. Hypertension (HTN) and obesity are leading risk factors for atherosclerotic CVDs, presence of which is predicted by microalbuminuria (MA). We wanted to evaluate the relationship between microalbuminuria and risk factors for CVDs (obesity, overweight, pre-hypertension and hypertension) among secondary school students in Ilorin, North central Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study from December 2017 to March 2018 among secondary school students. We recruited 584 students, aged 10 to 18 years from 14 schools across the three Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Ilorin. We measured their blood pressure and anthropometrics following standard protocols and determined microalbuminuria in their early morning urine using Microalbumin 2-1 Combo strip and spot urinary albumin - creatinine ratio. Results: The prevalence of MA was 30.1%. MA was more common in obese and hypertensive adolescents (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01 respectively). Occurrence of MA correlated strongly with subject’s weight (r = 0.790, p = 0.004, p < 0.01); systolic blood pressure (r = 0.884, p = 0.001, p < 0.01) and body mass index (r = 0.710, p = 0.001, p < 0.01). Independent predictors of MA were obesity, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.9, (95% CI 1.124, 20.913), overweight (aOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.184, 10.174), older age (aOR 1.1, 95% CI 1.007, 1.219) and presence of systolic hypertension (aOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.903, 5.042). Conclusions: This study shows a high prevalence of MA among the adolescents. CVDs risk factors predictive of MA are overweight, obesity, systolic hypertension and older age.