Browsing by Author "Eniayewu, O.I"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Assessment of Maternal Knowledge and Attitude towards the use of Ora Rehydration Therapy (ORT) in Childhood Diarrhoea Disease
    (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020-06) Eniayewu, O.I; Bello, I.K.; Aliyu, F.O.; Alimi, B.A.; Erhun, W.O
    Diarrhoea remain one of the leading causes of death among children below the age of five. Most infant deaths due to diarrhoea can be prevented by simple administration of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and mothers play an essential role in implementing this therapy. This study assesses the knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers of under-5 children attending the Children Specialist Hospital towards oral rehydrating therapy. Based on informed consent, a validated semi-structured questionaire was used to collect data on ORT knowledge, attitude and practice from a total of 203 mothers attending the Children Specialist Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State. Sample size was determined using the Fischer’s formula. Data obtained were checked for completeness and then analyzed using descriptive and chi-square analysis. A total of 206 mothers were enrolled into the study, with response rate of 99 %. Based on the scoring system, more than 70 % of mothers displayed good knowledge of the therapy while 49.3 % (100/203) and 28.6 % (58/203) exhibited fair and poor attitude towards the therapy respectively. Overall ORT practice among mothers in this study was very poor, with only 32.5 % (66/203) showed good practice skill of the therapy. Mothers level of knowledge positively influence their ORT practice (P=0.015). The findings from this study indicate that the attitude and practices of mothers towards ORT utilization during episodes of under-5 diarrhoea disease is inadequate. More efforts towards improving maternal knowledge, attitude and practices on the use of ORT in the management of under-5 diarrhoea is recommended. ____________________________________________________________________________
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    Chemical Equivalence of Some Brands of Metronidazole Tablets Marketed in Sagamu Community
    (Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Development and Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018-05) Kasim, L.S; Oyefule, M.O; Eniayewu, O.I; Njinga, N.S; Abdullahi, S.T; Shittu, A.O
    The occurrence of fake and substandard medicines has become a global issue that draws the attention of all key players in the sector in all nations of the World. This study was carried out for comparative quality assessment of different brands of metronidazole tablets in Sagamu community in Nigeria to determine their suitability for therapeutic purpose. Five (5) brands of 200mg metronidazole tablet, marketed in Sagamu community Pharmacies were randomly selected and subjected to physicochemical studies which include uniformity of weight, crushing strength, friability, and disintegration rate, and chemical equivalence study using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) according to official procedures in British Pharmacopoeia (B.P). All brands except brand D and E passed the weight uniformity test. The friability test was passed by all the brands except brand E according to B.P specification which states that the loss in weight should be less than 1% also all brands except brand B showed satisfactory crushing strength. Also, the disintegration rate of the brands was satisfactory according to the B.P. specification as all the brands disintegrated within 30 minutes. The results of high performance liquid chromatography revealed the percentage content of brands A,B,C,D, and E to be 97.44% w/w, 130.9% w/w, 111.56% w/w, 98.52% w/w, 96.02% w/w respectively. The British Phamacopoeia specification for percentage composition of metronidazole is in the range of 90-105%. Therefore brand A, D and E passed the test while brand B and C did not pass the test. The results showed that only brand A passed all the analytical procedures and therefore fit or safe for human consumption.
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    Heavy metal analysis of polyherbal formulations marketed in Ilorin
    (Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Development and Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020-02) Eniayewu, O.I; Bamidele, O.D; Ogunremi, B.I; Afosi, A.B; Ibrahim, S.A; Abdullahi, S.T; Njinga, N.S
    Globally, consumption of herbal preparations is on the increase with corresponding increase in the numbers of pharmaceutical industries engaged in herbal production. There is need for regular assessment of the quality of these herbal products to safeguard the health of the consumers of herbal drugs. Besides other quality parameters for evaluation of herbal products, heavy metals analysis is essential due to the potential health hazards implicated in their consumptions. Therefore, the study evaluates the heavy metal contents of two polyherbal liquid preparations marketed in Ilorin, North Central, Nigeria. Samples of the two herbal products (AMO and ZAK herbal bitters) were pre-treated and analyzed for the presence of iron, lead, cadmium, Copper, manganese and zinc using a validated Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS) method. The analysis was done in triplicate and International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline followed. Validation results showed linearity between 5-50 mg/L, 0.1-0.4 mg/L, 1-4 mg/L, 0.02-1.0 mg/L, 0.2-1.6 mg/L and 1-4 mg/L for iron, manganese, lead, copper, zinc and cadmium respectively, while the limit of detection was 0.001 mg/L, 0.001 mg/L, 0.002 mg/L, 0.005 mg/L, 0.025 mg/L, and 0.002 mg/L, for copper, manganese, cadmium, iron, lead, and zinc respectively. The findings showed higher concentrations of iron above the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit in the two preparations at 15.1 mg/L and 42.6 mg/L for AMO and ZAK herbal bitters respectively. However, lead, cadmium, and zinc were undetectable in both samples and the observed amount for copper and manganese were below the WHO limit. Our findings revealed the presence of iron at concentrations exceeding WHO permissible limits in both polyherbal preparations evaluated. This indicates a potential risk for iron poisoning with long term consumption of these products. Intensive effort by regulatory agencies to ensure the safety and quality of polyherbal formulations is recommended.
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    Quality assessment of different brands of diclofenac tablets marketed in Ilorin metropolis: a pharmaceutical and public health perspective
    (Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy. Published by the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria., 2020-04) Abdullahi, S.T; Olanipekun, O.C.; Eniayewu, O.I; Bamidele, O.D; Bakare-Odunola, M.T; Shittu, A.O; Soyinka, J.O.
    Background: The quality of a medicinal product is an important factor for its safety and efficacy. Poor-quality medicines are a major impediment to improvements in public health. This study assessed the pharmaceutical quality of different brands of diclofenac (DCF) tablets in Ilorin metropolis. Methods: Four randomly selected brands of diclofenac potassium tablets (coded: DCF-A, DCF-B, DCF-C and DCF-D) were obtained from pharmaceutical outlets, and quality parameters were evaluated according to Pharmacopeial methods. The potency of tablets was determined spectrophotometrically based on the measurement of maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 276 nm in doubly distilled water. Results: Method validation according to the International Council for Harmonization guidelines showed acceptable sensitivity (limit of detection of 0.3886 μg/mL and limit of quanti􀃶cation of 1.1775 μg/mL), precision (% relative standard deviation range of 0.72 – 1.54), accuracy (% recovery range of 98.9 – 101.3). Average contents of active diclofenac were 45, 98, 103 and 105% for DCF-A, DCF-B, DCF-C and DCF-D respectively. DCF-A brand was not only substandard but falsi􀃶ed based on British Pharmacopoeia potency speci􀃶cation range of 95 – 105%. Conclusion: A substandard and falsi􀃶ed brand of diclofenac tablets was detected. Drug regulatory authority must ensure periodic post-registration surveillance of licensed pharmaceutical products marketed in the country to secure the health and safety of the populace.