Browsing by Author "Eletta, O.A"
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Item ADSORPTION OF CONGO RED DYE ONTO COCONUT SHELL BASED NaOH ACTIVATED CARBON: KINETICS, THERMODYNAMICS AND OPTIMISATION STUDIES(Published by College of Engineering and Technology. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture. Umudike, 2017-06) Eletta, O.A; Ogunleye, O.O; Morakinyo, A.FCoconut Shell (CS) was carbonised, activated with NaOH and used to adsorb Congo Red (CR) dye from its aqueous solution. Proximate and ultimate analyses, Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used to characterize both the raw and the Coconut Shell Activated Carbon (CSAC) while UV spectrophotometer was used to monitor the CR dye concentration. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out using 100 ml each of 50 mg/l to 250 mg/l CR dye solution at different contact times, and temperature. To establish optimum adsorption conditions, Central Composite Design (CCD) in Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed using the initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature as variables at a fixed pH of 3 and 0.2 g/100ml of adsorbent. Adsorption capacity of 122.00 mg/g was obtained with CR concentration, contact time and temperature of 250 mg/l, 180 min and 30oC, respectively. Pseudo first order kinetic model best fitted the experiment. The coefficients of determination of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were 0.978, 0.974 and 0.863, respectively, with Langmuir isotherm giving a better fit for the adsorption. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity from Langmuir isotherm was 121.56 mg/g at pH 3 and a temperature of 30oC.Item Adsorption of cyanide from aqueous solution using calcinated eggshell: equilibrium and optimisation studies(Elsevier, 2016) Eletta, O.A; Ajayi, O.A; Ogunleye, O.O; Akpan, I.CEggshells were calcined and used to adsorb cyanide from its aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used to characterize both raw and calcined eggshell (CE) while UV spectrophotometer was used to monitor the cyanide concentration. The XRD and FTIR showed the conversion of CaCO3 to CaO. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out using 10 ml each of 0.01 mol/L to 0.05 mol/L cyanide solutions at different contact times, and adsorbent dosages. To establish optimum adsorption conditions, Central Composite Design (CCD) in Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed using the time, concentration and adsorbent dosages as variables at a fixed pH of 7. Adsorption efficiency of 84.53% was obtained with 0.01 mol/L, 8.98 g of calcined eggshell at 26.58 min contact time using RSM. Pseudo second order kinetic model best fitted the experiment. The coefficients of determination of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were 0.988 and 0.650 respectively, with Langmuir isotherm giving a better fit for the adsorption. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity from Langmuir isotherm was 3.27 mg/g at pH 7 and a temperature of 30 °CItem ASSESSMENT OF A GROUNDWATER QUALITY FOR DRINKING PURPOSE IN ILORIN, NIGERIA(Faculties of Science and Engineering, Nigerian Defense Academy, Kaduna, 2016) Eletta, O.A; Adeniran, J.A; Adewoye, L.T; Adenle, A.AGroundwater is a major source of water supply in Nigeria where there is an inadequate supply of water for domestic, industrial and agricultural uses. This paper examines the suitability of water samples from a target hand dug well (TW) in a residential area in Ilorin, Nigeria for drinking purpose. The samples were characterized to determine physico - chemical properties over eight weeks due to the observed, oily, greenish blue water discharged from the groundwater source. Another well in the neighborhood was investigated as a control (C). Concentration of selected anions, cations and the presence of hydrocarbons were established in the contaminated well with focus on nutrients and hydrocarbons related to sewer, paint and petroleum compounds to establish the possibility of leakages from sewers, the auto repair/painting workshop and the petroleum products pipeline which are located uphill of the well. The results of physico -chemical characterization carried out on the TW showed pH:7.3 – 7.9; turbidity: 1.2 – 4.5 NTU; total hardness; 175.30 – 222.02 mg/l; TDS: 90 – 125 mg/l. Concentration of cations and anions ranged between 0.16 – 0.24 for Fe; Mn: 0.01 – 0.06; Zn: 0.18 – 0.45; NO32-: 5.95 – 12.76; SO42-: 192.1 – 235.85; Cl-: 230.63 - 283.32 all in mg/l. A Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopic analysis (GC-MS) carried out on the water samples from TW showed that, 24.83% of the peaks are within 90 – 100% quality range which confirms the compounds suggested from the installed NIST11 library are correct within minimal error limit.Item BLEACHING OF A NIGERIAN KAOLIN BY OXALIC ACID LEACHING(University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 2015) Baba, A.A; Masobalaje, M.A; Ibrahim, A.S; Girigisu, S; Eletta, O.A; Fasakin, I.A; Aluko, I; Adekola, F.AThe level of improvement of whiteness of Egbeda (Nigeria) kaolin ore by oxalic acid leaching was investigated. The effects of acid concentration, reaction temperature and particle size on the extent of the ore dissolution were examined. The results of the leaching investigation on the improvement of the ore whiteness assessment were found to increase with increasing acid concentration, reaction temperature and decreasing particle size. At optimal leaching (0.5 mol L-1 H2C2O4, 85°C, 120 minutes) with moderate stirring, the dissolution reached 79.9 %, when total iron removal was achieved as evidenced from the EDXRF and EDS analyses. The dissolution curves were analyzed and found to conform to the surface chemical reaction, and the calculated activation energy of 41.34 kJ mol-1 supported the proposed model. These results are also corroborated by the output of the Post-Hoc test by Duncan Univariate Anova Analysis using SPSS 7.1. Finally, oxalic acid proved to be effective for treating the Egbeda (Nigeria) kaolin ore for total iron impurities removal and improving the ore whiteness for possible industrial utilities. Keywords: kaolin ore, Nigeria, leaching, oxalic acid, bleaching, iron impurities removal.Item Characterization and evaluation of chicken eggshell for use as a bioresource(Published by Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, 2018-03) Ajala, E.O; Eletta, O.A; Ajala, M.A; Oyeniyi, S.KAbstract Chemical compositions of chicken eggshell from Ilorin, Nigeria, were determined with the aim of finding economic uses for it; instead of becoming a nuisance to the environment. The concentrations obtained were (mg/L): calcium 2300.33 ± 3.80, magnesium 850.00 ± 1.24, sodium 33.83 ± 0.72, potassium 17.06 ± 1.04, iron 1.4 ± 0.03, zinc 0.99 ± 0.04 and copper 0.063 ± 0.01. The proximate showed that the eggshell contained, 0.95 ± 0.89, moisture; 45.29 ± 0.06, ash; 1.40 ± 0.25, crude protein; 0.37 ± 0.06, lipid; 4.38 ± 0.32, crude fibre; 47.63 ± 0.32 (%), carbohydrate and 811 ± 12.71 (cal/g), calorific value. Further analysis revealed the presence of carbon and oxygen in the eggshell in right proportion as a good alternative adsorbent for removal of heavy metal and dyes from aqueous solutions. Findings of this study suggest that the chicken eggshell potentially represents a natural source of food nutrients.Item Determination of concentration of heavy metals in two common fish species from Asa River, Ilorin, Nigeria(Published by, Taylor and Francis Group, Germany., 2003) Eletta, O.A; Adekola, F.A; Omotosho, J.SConcentrations of some heavy metals in Tilapia zilli (Tilapia) and Synodontis membrane (Catfish), the two common fishes from Asa River Ilorin, Nigeria have been determined. Manganese, zinc, iron, and lead, were present at appreciable concentrations in the tissues of the two species while cadmium, mercury, and nickel, were found to be less than 0.01 ppm. Concentrations of metals were highest downstream than at upstream locations. Mean concentrations of Mn in Tilapia, ranged between 0.56 ppm at the upstream end and 2.69 mg/kg of fresh weight at the downstream end. Pb, Zn, and Cr ranged between 4.05 and 5.59 mg/kg of fresh weight, 0.09 and 1.16 ppm, 5.62 and 11.15 ppm, and 0.09 and 0.13 ppm respectively. In the Catfish, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cr ranged between 0.62 and 0.78 ppm, 3.79 and 8.79 ppm, 0.78 and 1.57 ppm, 7.30 and 15.15, and 0.23 and 0.35 ppm respectively. Heavy metals except lead did not pose any health risks in human since the calculated probable amounts being ingested by an average adult (50 kg average weight) per day were lower than WHO maximum recommended value of intake. However, the level of lead was higher than WHO limit and this could render inedible the fishes from this catchment river.Item Evaluation of proximate and antioxidant activities of Ethiopian eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L) and Gboma eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon L).(University of Port Harcourt, 2017-08) Eletta, O.A; Orimolade, B.O; Oluwaniyi, O.O; Dosumu, O.OThere are over 25 species of egg plants in Nigeria 25 species including those domesticated for their leaves, fruits or both, eaten as vegetables or used in traditional medicine, however, S. aethiopicum and S. macrocarpum are the most cultivated and most utilized in Nigeria. Nutritional composition, phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Solanum aethiopicum and Solanum macrocarpon were studied. The moisture contents, crude protein, crude fat and crude fibre were 91.20 ± 0.34, 1.07 ± 0.01, 0.38 ± 0.03 and 2.44 ± 0.04% for S. aethiopicum while those of S. macrocarpon were 92.00 ± 0.43, 0.52 ± 0.02, 0.15 ± 0.02 and 2.50 ± 0.02%. The results revealed that the S. aethiopicum specie has higher nutritional values than the S. macrocarpon specie. Alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides are present in the species at different levels. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) quantitative antioxidant analysis confirmed this. The extracts of the S. macrocarpon specie has a higher DPPH scavenging activity with a lower IC50 value of 33.56 μg/ml compared to the extracts of S. aethiopicum specie with IC50 of 38.92 μg/ml. The experimental results have revealed that the two species of African eggplant are nutritionally and therapeutically valuable and can be developed as functional foods having both nutritional and medicinal benefits to consumers.Item Gravimetric and quantitative surface morphological studies of Mangiferaindica peel extract as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution(Curtin University, 2018) Ogunleye, O.O; Eletta, O.A; Arinkoola, A.o; Agbede, O.OMangifera indica peel extract was evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl using gravimetric and depth of attack techniques. The extract was characterized using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry and the solution film solution by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy, arithmetic mean deviation of the surface profile (Ra), and the maximum height of irregularities (Rz) were used to characterize mild steel coupon surfaces. Effect of temperature, concentration, and time on the corrosion rate of the coupon with and without M. indica peel extract were evaluated. The adsorption of this inhibitor was found to obey the Freundlich model, and thermodynamic parameters were ∆G_ads^o (-8.39 kJ/mol),∆H_a^o (16.21 kJ/mol),and ∆S_a^o (-70.41 kJ/mol). Maximum inhibition efficiencies were 95.75% and 95.76% using weight loss and depth of attack methods, respectively.Item Identification and Characterisation of Major Hydrocarbons in Thermally Degraded Low Density Polyethylene Films(University of Port Harcourt, 2017-10) Eletta, O.A; Ajayi, O.A; Ogunleye, O.O; Tijani, I.A; Adeniyi, A.G; Agbana, A.SThe vast application of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) in packaging, greenhouses, homes etc has led to its huge accumulation as a municipal solid waste with monumental health, economic and environmental consequences. Since these are non-biodegradable and their photodegradation occurs only over a very long period, their economic conversion to energy products through pyrolysis is the thrust of this study. LDPE sample collected from the University of Ilorin Community was thermally degraded in a pyrolyser at temperatures ranging from 203 – 400 oC. The products of pyrolysis were in three (3) states of matter and both the liquid and solid products were analysed using FTIR to determine the functional groups and GC- MS for the hydrocarbons present in the products. For the GC-MS analysis, the peaks that had 90% above quality when compared with the compounds in the installed NIST11 library were reported. There were alkanes, alkenes, halogenated alkanes, and very few aromatics in the liquid product and, the hydrocarbons were observed to range between C10 - C27. The FTIR and GC-MS results show the potential of the oil obtained as renewable source of energy while that for residue shows its inherent energy content. The liquid product was refluxed over molecular sieve catalyst (US 2882244A) and the calorific value was found to increase from 13,974 kJ/kg to 15,815.52 kJ/kg and this is found to be comparable to the range for lignite and dry wood.Item Optimization of dye removal from textile wastewater using activated carbon from sawdust as adsorbent(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, 2018-03) Eletta, O.A; Mustapha, S.I; Ajayi, O.A; Ahmed, A.TThis study is aimed at developing an adsorbent from sawdust for optimum removal of dye from textile wastewater. The adsorbent was developed, characterised and, the adsorptive capability for the removal of dye was determined by optimizing the process parameters (adsorbent dosage, contact time and agitation speed) using Response Surface Methodology. The physical and chemical characterization of the effluent was carried out before and after the adsorption studies. From the results, a maximum adsorption capacity of 98.5 % was obtained at the optimized conditions of 1.5 g, 90 min and 275 rpm for adsorbent dose, contact time and agitation speed respectively. The ANOVA of the regression model showed that the model is highly significant with R2 of 0.98. Further analysis carried out revealed that, in addition to dye removal, trace metals were also adsorbed in the process. This fact was established when the concentration of copper in the wastewater was found to decrease from 0.09 ppm to 0.03 ppm corresponding to 66.7 % removal at the end of the process.Item Optimization of the Preparation Conditions for Activated Carbon from Locust Bean Pod (Parkia biglobosa) Using Factorial Design Approach(2018) Eletta, O.A; Mustapha, S.I; Tijani, J.O; Adewoye, L.T; Mohammed, I.AThis study focused on the optimization of the preparation parameters (impregnation concentration, activation temperature and activation time) on the yield and adsorption potential of activated carbon (AC) prepared from Locust bean pod (Parkia biglobosa) using the chemical activation method based on factorial design. The two linear regression models developed from the factorial experimental design using Design Expert Software – 6.0.8 was used to determine the optimum production conditions required to provide a compromise between the AC yield and methylene blue (MB) removal efficiency from aqueous solution. The results demonstrated maximum AC yield of 41.6% and MB removal efficiency of 95.4% under the following optimum preparation conditions; H3PO4 impregnation concentration (60 %), activation temperature (444.4 oC) and activation time (30 min). This study showed that the experimental values obtained were in good agreement with the values predicted from the models under the applied conditions.Item Optimization studies of turbidity removal in Asa river water using Carica papaya seeds as coagulant.(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso., 2017) Eletta, O.A; Mustapha, S.I; Onyema, SThis study evaluated the potential of Carica papaya Seed (CPS) as a coagulant for water treatment. Surface water samples from Asa River in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria were collected for the study. The trace metal levels were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP- MS). Treated CPS was obtained from its seed using soxhlet extraction in ethanol .It was then applied for the removal of turbidity and trace metals in the surface water samples. The trace metal results showed the presence of Cu (6.07 ppb), Fe (394.16 ppb), Cr(21.50 ppm), Zn (6.69 ppb) and Ti (13.08 ppb) in the samples of the river water. Optimization studies was carried out for turbidity removal using Full Central Composite Design (FCCD) under the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results obtained showed that the maximum turbidity removal of 94.92% was achieved at optimum conditions; coagulant dose (0.47 g), contact time (15.17 min) and agitation speed (791.33 rpm). Also, all the trace metals were found to be below detection limit after contacting with the modified Carica papaya seed.Item Physico – mechanical assessment of plaster of Paris bandage produced from locally sourced materials(Materials Research Society of India and Indian National Science Academy (Springer)., 2019) Adekola, F.A; Olosho, A.I; Adeleke, A.A; Eletta, O.A; Agaja, S.BDespite the abundance of gypsum and other material needed for the production of plaster of Paris (POP) in the country, Nigeria relies 1 heavily on the importation of orthopaedic POP bandage. Therefore, the present study aimed at producing POP bandage (LPOP) from locally sourced pure gypsum and cassava starch. Physico-chemical parameters such as amylose content, amylopectin content, water absorption capacity (WAC), swelling capacity (SC) and browning-charring temperature (BCT) were obtained for the starch binder. A slurry of pure gypsum powder and 2% gelatinized starch binder was impregnated on cotton gauze and cured in an oven at 180◦C for an hour to produce the LPOP. A comparative mechanical test was carried out on the LPOP and a POP bandage (CPOP) acquired from the market using a universal testing machine. The results showed that starch contains 9.06 mg/100 g amylose and 24.1 mg/100 g amylopectin which implied that it has a good binding property. The SC,WAC and BCT were evaluated to be 69.79%, 81.94% and 190◦C, respectively. The yielding tensile force for LPOP and CPOP are 148 and 460 N respectively. The horizontal compressive strength of the LPOP and CPOP are 1712 and 1595 N while the vertical compressive strengths are 1070 and 623 N respectively. These results show that the LPOP produced from locally sourced materials compete favourably in terms of mechanical properties with POP bandage in the market. Thus, based on its strength, it is recommended for orthopaedic casting.Item A study of heavy metal pollution of Asa River, Ilorin ,Nigeria: Trace metal monitoring and geochemistry(Springer, 2007) Adekola, F.A; Eletta, O.AChemical and mineralogical characterization of sediments collected from seven different locations along Asa River in Ilorin, Nigeria have been carried out. The total concentration of Mn, Cr, Fe, Zn and Cu were monitored using Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF). The range of concentration of these metals were: Mn (179.9-469.4, Fe (1998.4-4420.4) Cr (3.0-11.3), Zn (26.6-147.6), Cu (1.9-13.3) mg kg(-1). The mineralogical composition was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and this was complemented with the Infrared Spectroscopy. It was found that the sediments of Asa River had predominantly quartz, and goethite was present in five of the seven locations. Chromite (FeCr(3)O(4)) and pyrite (FeS) were also identified at some locations along the River. Higher enrichment factors were calculated for Zn, Cr, Mn, and Fe in the sediment indicating anthropogenic source of contamination. Pyrite was prominent at a location receiving effluent from a detergent industry and near a refuse dumpsite.