Browsing by Author "ELETTA, O. A. A."
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Item Identification and Characterisation of Major Hydrocarbons in Thermally Degraded Low Density Polyethylene Films(J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage, 2017-10-21) ELETTA, O. A. A.; AJAYI, O. A.; OGUNLEYE, O. O.; TIJANI, I. A.; ADENIYI, A. G.; AGBANA, A. S.The vast application of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) in packaging, greenhouses, homes etc has led to its huge accumulation as a municipal solid waste with monumental health, economic and environmental consequences. Since these are non-biodegradable and their photodegradation occurs only over a very long period, their economic conversion to energy products through pyrolysis is the thrust of this study. LDPE sample collected from the University of Ilorin Community was thermally degraded in a pyrolyser at temperatures ranging from 203 – 400 oC. The products of pyrolysis were in three (3) states of matter and both the liquid and solid products were analysed using FTIR to determine the functional groups and GC- MS for the hydrocarbons present in the products. For the GC-MS analysis, the peaks that had 90% above quality when compared with the compounds in the installed NIST11 library were reported. There were alkanes, alkenes, halogenated alkanes, and very few aromatics in the liquid product and, the hydrocarbons were observed to range between C10 - C27. The FTIR and GC-MS results show the potential of the oil obtained as renewable source of energy while that for residue shows its inherent energy content. The liquid product was refluxed over molecular sieve catalyst (US 2882244A) and the calorific value was found to increase from 13,974 kJ/kg to 15,815.52 kJ/kg and this is found to be comparable to the range for lignite and dry wood.Item Process Integration and Feedstock Optimisation of a Two-Step Biodiesel Production Process from Jatropha Curcas Using Aspen Plus(Chemical Product and Process Modeling (De Gruyter), 2018-11-12) Adeniyi, A. G.; Ighalo, Joshua O.; ELETTA, O. A. A.Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) has been recognized as a viable non-edible feedstock for biodiesel production with the focus of achieving lesser reliance on fossil fuels. The aim of this work is to integrate and simulate the production of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil by a two-step process; a hydrolysis step and a trans-esterification step. The challenge is then to optimise the feedstock ratios to obtain the minimal water and methanol consumption to give optimal biodiesel yield. For this purpose, steady-state simulation model of a two-step production process of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil was prepared using ASPEN Plus V8.8. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD) was used to design optimisation experiments for the research work. From the ANOVA, methanol/oil ratio of the trans-esterification step was found to have a significant effect on the biodiesel yield compared to the water/oil ratio of the hydrolysis step. The linear model developed was shown to be a good predictor of feedstock ratios for biodiesel yield. The surface plot revealed that both feedstock ratios do not show a significant combinatorial effect on each other. Numerical optimisation gave the optimum values of the feedstock ratios as a methanol/oil ratio of 2.667 and a water/oil ratio of 1. The optimisation results also indicated a predicted optimum biodiesel yield of 10.0938 kg/hr.Item Process Optimisation and characterization of fragrance suited mechanically expressed Nigerian Lime seed oil(Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 2018-04-01) Adeniyi, A. G.; Adewoye, L. T; ELETTA, O. A. A.; Ogunleye, O. O.; Olukotun, KThis study determined the optimal process parameters for the extraction of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Seed Oil (LSO) for fragrance production. A Box Behnken Design (BBD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to design the LSO extraction using hydraulic press. The effect of various combinations of temperature, heating time and pressing time on oil yield, specific gravity, acid value, saponification value, FFA, Iodine and peroxide values were investigated. The oil produced was analysed using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS). The R2 -values of models ranged between 0.998 and 0.999 and adjusted R2 between 0.994 and 0.998. A maximum of 29.21 % of LSO yield was obtained with specific gravity (0.861), acid value (2.86 mg KOH/g); saponification value (185.3 mg KOH/g), FFA (≤ 1.43 %), Iodine value (107.8 g I2/100 g) and peroxide value (15meq/kg) at the optimal process parameters of 83oC, 8 min and 7 min temperature heating and pressing time respectively. The physico-chemical analysis of the lime seed oil indicated that the oil could be used for fragrance.