Browsing by Author "Daodu Oluwafemi Babatunde"

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    Assessment of antibody assay methods in determination of prevalence of infectious bursal disease among local chickens and guinea fowls in Kwara state, North Central Nigeria
    (Veterinary World, 2018-08) Daodu Oluwafemi Babatunde; Oludairo Oladapo Oyedeji; Aiyedun Julius Olaniyi; Ambali Hauwa Motunrayo; Kadir Rafiu Adebisi; Daodu Oluwakemi Christiana; Olorunshola Isaac Dayo; Adah Arimie Deborah
    Aim: This study aimed to assess available assay methods for infectious bursal disease (IBD) diagnosis and seromonitoring in local birds. It also sought to know the prevalence of IBD antibodies among local chickens and guinea fowls in Kwara state, North Central Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Sera were obtained from local chickens and guinea fowls and IBD virus (IBDV) antibodies were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test, and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. Results: A total of 265 sera were obtained from local birds during dry and wet seasons. ELISA recorded the highest prevalence of 81.1% (215/265) while IHA and AGID detected IBDV antibodies in 183 (69.1%) and 122 (46%) birds, respectively. Significant differences were established for IBD-positive sera based on the assay method used, bird species, and seasons. Conclusion: This study indicated that ELISA is the most sensitive and reliable assay method while AGID is the least. It also showed that there is a high prevalence of IBDV antibodies among local birds which were not vaccinated, and this implies a high IBDV activity among these bird species in the study area. This may have significant epidemiological implications on the spread of the virus to exotic bird reared in the rural areas on a commercial scale. Thus, this study suggests continuous surveillance, awareness campaign, and advocacy for vaccination of indigenous birds against IBD.
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    RABIES KNOWLEDGE AND PRE-EXPOSURE VACCINATION STATUS OF CLINICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE STUDENTS IN NIGERIA
    (Nigeria Veterinary Research Institute, 2016) Daodu Oluwafemi Babatunde; Oluwayelu Daniel Oladimeji
    Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease of all warm-blooded animals including humans and it is characterized by fatal encephalomyelitis. It is endemic in Nigeria where dogs are the most common source of infection to humans. Clinical students of Veterinary Medicine in Nigerian Universities are thought to be at risk of rabies since they are exposed to dogs with unknown rabies neutralizing antibody titres. This study was therefore conducted to assess the knowledge of these students about rabies and their pre-exposure vaccination status. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire administered to 241 clinical (DVM IV and V) students in six Faculties of Veterinary Medicine in Nigeria. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (logistic regression) with the Stata 12.0 package and level of significance was set at p<0.05.Results indicate that 91.3% of the clinical students were aware of rabies, its reservoirs, transmission routes and clinical signs in infected animals. However, 46 (19.1%) students did not know the correct steps to be taken if they were bitten by a rabid dog. Also, 199 (82.6%) of the students had never been vaccinated against rabies while one of those vaccinated received post-exposure prophylaxis after been bitten by a suspected rabid dog. Unvaccinated clinical students were 4.5 times more likely to have examined dogs/cats with no current (up-to-date) anti-rabies vaccination or with unknown vaccination history than their vaccinated counterparts (OR=4.493; 95% CI=1.68-12.02). We conclude that a large proportion of clinical students in Nigerian veterinary medical schools are at risk of rabies as they did not receive pre-exposure vaccination despite the obvious dangers they are exposed to through the handling of susceptible animals. The high cost and scarcity of rabies vaccines were identified as major hindrances to vaccination. Continuous rabies awareness education for clinical Veterinary Medicine students, provision of free or subsidized human rabies vaccines and strict adherence to clinical safety code are recommended.
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    Retrospective study of Canine Parvoviral Enteritis in Ilorin, North Central, Nigeria
    (Nigeria Veterinary Research Institute, 2018) Daodu Oluwafemi Babatunde; Ajiboye Busayo
    One of the major diseases reducing dog population is Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) caused by canine parvovirus (CPV). This study was conducted to know the status of the disease among dog population in Ilorin, Kwara state which had no published data of CPE epidemiology. A retrospective study was carried out in the State Zonal Veterinary Clinic of Kwara State. A total of 4,000 clinical records were examined and a 10-year study involving clinical cases from March 2007 to February 2017 were considered. This study showed CPE prevalence of 6.4% in the 10-year study and it majorly affected puppies, unvaccinated dogs and dogs used for breeding purposes. CPE cases were high during the dry season (peaks at October and January) though it could also peak during the rainy season (July). Vaccinated dogs (8.6%; 9/105) were also found to come down with CPE. Intraspecies transmissions were also traced among dogs of the same household (35.2%; 37/105). It was also observed that the understanding of vaccination protocol for neonate and adult dogs post-infection is critical. Antibody titer testing can stand as a guide for vaccination against canine parvovirus.