Browsing by Author "Danzaki, M.M"
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Item Chemosystematic Evaluation of Some Nigerian Gossypium hirsutum L. Using Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis(UNIMAS Publisher, 2021-06-30) Danzaki, M.M; Mustapha, O.T; Abdulkareem, K.AThere is little information on the use of phytochemicals for the systematic study of variation and resolving relatedness in Nigerian Gossypium hirsutum species. Thus, there is a need to carry out detailed phytochemical studies of the plant leaves, which could be helpful in ascertaining their diversity and relatedness. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening was conducted on 18 accessions of G. hirsutum using the established laboratory protocols. The findings of this study indicated the presence of tannin, alkaloids, proline, flavonoids, and saponin in all of the accessions that were grouped into two at 17% genetic distance, indicating 83% relatedness. However, phytosterol, terpenoids and glycosides were absent in three of the accessions, which were grouped at 48%. The phytochemical compositions were tannin (1.30-1.09 mg/100 g), flavonoid (1.60-1.16 mg/100 g, terpenoid (0.42-0.35 mg/100 g), alkaloid (1.47-1.11 mg/100 g), saponin (4.86-1.59 mg/100 g), glycoside (1.02-0.88 mg/100 g), proline (1.57-1.0 mg/100 g) and phytosterol (0.36-0.2 mg/100 g). The aim of this research was to determine the diversity and relatedness of G. hirsutum genotypes collected from different locations of Nigeria. In general, this study emphasises the use of plant chemicals for classification purposes.Item DNA Barcoding of Vernonia amygdalina using ITS and RPOC 1 Multi Loci Gene Regions(Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, 2023-12) Abdulkareem, K.A; Elebiyo, P.T; Olayinka, B.U; Tiamiyu, B.B; Kareem, I; Danzaki, M.M; Mustapha, O.TVernonia amygdalina is one of the most well-known plants found in Africa and Asia and the most cultivated species of the genus Vernonia. The knowledge of how living and extinct species are related to one another supports much of evolutionary Biology. Therefore, this study was aimed at carrying out the molecular identification of Vernonia amygdalina using ITS and RPOC1 regions. In this study, the identification and phylogenetic analysis of Vernonia amygdalina was done through amplification of the DNA using ITS and RPOC1 primers. The ITS and RPOC1 sequences were compared with the existing sequences in the NCBI GenBank using BLAST searches then the sequences were aligned and maximum likelihood and parsimony trees were constructed using MEGA11. The result showed that ITS sequence length is 627bp while the RPOC1 sequence is 422bp. The blast result for ITS primer sequence showed 93% - 96% similarity against 6 accessions, 70% - 74% against 8 accessions, 64% - 69% against 6 accessions, and 82% similarity against 1 accession. Whereas the RPOC1 primer sequence gave 96% - 99% similarity against all accessions in the BLAST results. Vernonia amygdalina, Hirpicium diffusum, Cyanthillium cinereum, Sonchus ustulatus, Olearia odorata, and Olearia laxiflora were observed as out groups for their respective trees with the RPOC1 primer producing the highest percentage with all BLAST matches ranging from 96% to 99%. This indicates that the RPOC1 primer produced higher identification to species level.Item EVALUATION OF CALCIUM CARBIDE'S CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS ON ONION (Allium cepa)(Federal University Dutsinma, Nigeria., 2023-06-02) Abdulkareem, K.A; Olayinka, B.U; Sulyman, R.A; Kareem, I; Danzaki, M.M; Mustapha, O.TThe purpose of this investigation was to see if Calcium Carbide (CaC2) had any harmful effects on onions (Allium cepa L.). Allium cepa root tips were grown in various concentrations of Calcium Carbide (CaC2) (0.25g, 0.50g, 0.75g, and 1.00g)/ 250ml, with distilled water serving as a control. For cytological tests, the root tips of Allium cepa growing in the treatments and control were removed daily between 7:30am and 8:30am. Pretreatment, fixation, hydrolysis, squashing, and staining of cells for mitotic investigations were performed, and data on cytological parameters were collected using a light microscope at a magnification of X40. The mitotic index (MI) and karyotype analysis were used to assess the data collected on these parameters. The results of this study showed that root tips treated with 0.25g of Calcium Carbide (CaC2) have a mitotic index of 45.83 and the rate of cell division decreases with an increase in the concentration of Calcium Carbide (CaC2) as the cell divides the mitotic index dropped sharply. These finding indicated that Calcium Carbide is a strong mitotic inhibitor and could give rise to mitotic abnormalities with increase in concentration and also reduced cell division. We therefore recommended that there is need for further investigation using lower concentrations of Calcium Carbide as well as other mutagenic substances in order to ascertain their effect on the chromosomal behaviorItem GENETIC DIVERSITY OF NIGERIAN GERMPLASM OF GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L USING RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA MARKERS(Institute of Biology, Bucharest, Romania, 2020) Danzaki, M.M; Mustapha, O.T; Abdulkareem, K.ACotton plant belongs to the genus Gossypium and family Malvaceae, or mallow family. The plant is indigenous to the tropic and sub-tropic region including Africa, America and India. The plant is an essential cash crop cultivated in various countries. It provides raw material for textile industries and also for edible oil (Shashank et al., 2014a). The study of genetic diversity in a crop breeding programme is essential for the selection of suitable diverse parent to obtain heterotic hybrids as well as conservation and characterization of germplasm (Shashank et al., 2014b). Genetic diversity of cotton cultivar is measured by assessing morphological characters, biochemical and molecular markers. This provides information on choosing parents in the development of cotton cultivars and hybrids (Wu et al., 2006 and Ullah et al., 2012). Zhang et al. (2008) reported that DNA based marker have been subjugated broadly for molecular characterizationItem GENETIC VARIABILITY VIA PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS AMONG SOME NIGERIAN ACCESSIONS OF PIGEON PEA (CAJANUS CAJAN)(The Institute of Biology, Bucharest, Romania, 2021) Abdulkareem, K.A; Olayinka, B.U; Danzaki, M.M; Idris, R; Kareem, I; Aziz, A; Sagaya, Q; Mustapha, O.TPurpose: Lack of genetic variability is a limitation to pigeon pea improvement. Hence the need to study the genetic variability of five accessions of pigeon pea with the view of isolating those that are with high yield and early maturity. Research Method: Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) was used in the protein extraction and genetic diversity was estimated using Paleontological Statistics (PAST). Findings: A total of 24 protein bands were obtained ranging from 10kDa to 170 KDa. The protein band with the highest molecular weight was generated in accession NG/AO/MAY/09/021, NG/AO/11/08/108, NG/SA/07/0180 and NG/SA/07/208 while lowest molecular weight i.e 10 KDa was generated in NG/AO/MAY/09/021. Highest similarity index was recorded (45.16%) in NG/SA/07/0180 and NG/SA/07/208 and lowest (13.04%) in NG/SA/07/0180 and NG/AO/MAY/09/021. The bands showed variability based on intensity and presence or absence of any of them among the accessions. Jaccard’s similarity separated the 5 accessions into two clusters at an UPGMA similarity coefficient range of 0.2 to 1. Originality/Value: Accession NG/AO/MAY/09/021 occupies a distinct position hence could be combined with other accessions in a breeding programme.