Browsing by Author "Benjamin O. Emikpe"

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    Effect of Dietary Polyherbal Mixture on Growth Performance, Haemato-Immunological Indices, Antioxidant Responses, and Intestinal Morphometry of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus
    (Hindawi Limited, 2022-05-14) Femi J. Fawole; Rihanat O. Yisa; Oluwole O. Jayeoba; Ibrahim Adeshina; Akeem O. Ahmed; Benjamin O. Emikpe; Erchao Li
    A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the dietary effect of Nigeria polyherbal mixture (PHB) on growth, haematoimmune parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and intestinal morphometry of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Four diets were formulated with PHB powder at inclusion of 0g/kg (control), 0.5g/kg (PHB 0.5), 1.0g/kg (PHB 1.0), and 2.0g/kg (PHB 2.0) and fed to African catfish (6:32±0:02g/fish, 15 fish/50L tank) in triplicates. Fish fed PHB 2.0 recorded higher final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate (p <0:05) compared to the control. There were no statistical differences (p >0:05) in feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio among the dietary groups. The haematological profile indicates that the f ish fed PHB-1.0 had higher Hb, RBCs count, and Hct, and blood performance (p<0:05) compared to the control. ALT levels were found higher in the control and the lowest values recorded in PHB groups (p<0:05); however, AST did not differ significantly among the groups (p >0:05). The highest heterophil counts and respiratory burst activity were recorded in PHB1.0 and PHB-0.5 and PHB-2.0, respectively, while a numerically improved total immunoglobulin value was recorded in PHB0.5 compared to the control (p>0:05). Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase had a significant improvement in fish fed PHB-based diet compared to the control (p<0:05), while glutathione peroxidase showed no statistical differences between the groups (p >0:05). Intestinal morphometric measurements showed that the fish fed PHB-1.0 had the highest villus height, area of absorption, and villus height/cryptal depth ratio compared to the control. Muscle thickness increased (p <0:05) with increasing PHB level with the highest value recorded PHB-2.0. In conclusion, dietary PHB could improve growth, blood profile, immunity, antioxidant enzyme capacity, and intestinal morphometry of African catfish without any significant alteration in the liver function enzymes.
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    Effects of Dietary Detoxified Jatropha curcas Protein Isolate on Some Physiological Parameters, Intestine, and Liver Morphology of Labeo rohita Fingerlings
    (Central Fisheries Research Institute (SUMAE), 2022-08-24) Femi J. Fawole; Narottam P. Sahu; Nazeemashahul Shamna; Ayodeji A. Adeoye; Vikas Phulia; Benjamin O. Emikpe
    The rising cost of aquafeed ingredients as global aquaculture expands has led researchers to look for other ingredient sources that are not in conflict with human food. In this regard, this study examined the possibility of incorporating detoxified jatropha protein isolate (JP) into the diet of Labeo rohita (rohu) and the effect on the haematology, innate immunity, and organ integrity. A total of 216 fish (3.25 ± 0.02 g/fish) were randomly distributed in 15 tanks and fed for 60 days. The control diet was formulated with soy protein isolate (SP) and gradually replaced with JP at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The results showed that the red blood cell (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) were not significantly influenced (p > 0.05). White blood cell (WBC) counts registered a significant overall effect and followed a quadratic trend (p = 0.001), while the haematocrit value showed overall significant effects (p < 0.05) but no linear or quadratic trends were observed (p > 0.05). Serum lysozyme activity increased with increasing JP level (p = 0.002), but the total immunoglobulin value was significantly higher in fish fed JP 100. The respiratory burst activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzyme activities among the various groups did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). Compared to the control, the photomicrograph of the mid-intestine and liver of fish fed a JP-based diet showed no inflammatory or degenerative changes. In summary, the substitution of SP in the diet with JP improved the innate immunity of L. rohita without any negative impact on the blood profile or the histoarchitectural structure of the liver.