Browsing by Author "Bello, M. K"
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Item Bacterial and Parasitic Agents Associated with Outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) in Nigeria(Vom Journal of Veterinary Science, 2006) Kumbish, Peterside; Bello, M. K; Jambalang, Alex; Hussaini, Bakare; Solomon, Ponman; Ekong, P.S; Damina, M; Elisha, I; Chukwukere, S; Bako, Ben; Nanbol, D; Akanbi, Olatunde Babatunde; Joannis, Tony; Ularamu, H; Shittu, I; Suleiman, LThe Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) was reported in Nigeria in early January 2006. A total of 430 suspected samples were submitted to the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom for analysis. 149 of the analysed samples were positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza, out of which 89 were found to have different bacterial organisms. 60 had parasitic agents and 22 had both bacterial and parasitic agents associated with E.coli alone had a mortality of 9.15%, Klebsiella spp alone had a percentage mortality of 26.86%. Combined infections with E. coli and Klebsiella spp resulted in mortality of 66.41%, 28 cases were negative for any bacterial growth and had mortality of 13.12%. Some parasites found to be associated with the outbreak of HPAI are; Eimeria spp (45 cases) and Ascaridia galli (10 cases) found in cases with mortalities of 18.34% and 58.33% respectively. Mortalities in positive cases that had concurrent bacteria and parasitic complications were found to be progressively increasing; E. coli and Eimeria spp 4.57%; Klebsiella spp/ Eimeria spp - 10.23% and E. coli/ Klebsiella /Eimeria spp - 19.25%. It is not clear how far these infections contributed to mortalities caused by the HPAI.Item Phytochemical, elemental, antioxidant, antimicrobial and hypoglycemic studies of a mixed herbal product used for the management of diabetics.(Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources., 2018-09) Bakare-Odunola, M. T; Njinga, N. S; Ayanniyi, R. O; Bello, M. K; Abdullahi, S. T; Eniayewu, O. I; Abdulmajeed, F. F; Bello, R. HMedicinal plants are important sources of disease-preventing compounds, which are important for the treatment of various health challenges such as diabetes. On an aqueous extract of a herbal product (HP) used for the management of diabetes, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and AlCl3 method respectively. Microbiological evaluation was done by determining the total viable, yeast, mould and coliform bacteria count. The elemental analysis was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometer. The acute toxicity was done using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline while the hypoglycemic activity was evaluated using alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Flavonoids, saponins, alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, steroids and terpenoids were detected in the HP. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents obtained was 1.58±0.001mg/g quercetin equivalent and 10.84±0.003 mg/g gallic acid equivalent respectively. Heavy metals Fe and Zn were present while Cu, Cd, Cr and Pb were absent. Na and K were also present at concentrations of 3.90 and 2.20mg·kg−1 respectively. The total viable and coliform counts were found to be 1.34 x 105and 9.0 x 104 cfu/g respectively while there was absence of mould and yeast in the HP. The LD50 of the HP was found to be above 5000 mg/kg. At dose of 125 mg/kg, the HP significantly (P<005) reduced glucose level to 143 mg/dL after 4 hours and to 123 mg/dL after 8 hours. The phytochemicals present, safety and the anti-diabetic activity justify the use of this HP in the management of diabetes.