Browsing by Author "Bello, IK"

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    Pattern and Prevalence of Antibiotics Use among residents of Ilorin Metropolis in North Central Nigeria
    (Published by Nigerian Association of Pharmacists in Academia, University of Benin, 2017) Giwa, A; Jamiu, M.O; Bello, IK; Abu Saeed, K
    Purpose: Prevalence of inappropriate use of antibiotics is a common practice all over the world. In the face of current global economic downturn, a large number of countries are facing serious health challenges, with people finding it difficult to meet their health needs. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic use among the residents of Ilorin. Methods: The study was a cross sectional study with a-14 item questionnaire to assess the pattern of use of antibiotics among residents of Ilorin. A total of 350 interviewer administered questionnaires were used for the study. Data obtained include demographic, knowledge and pattern of antibiotic use. The data obtained were entered into SPSS version 16 and analyzed and results were presented descriptively in the texts, tables and charts. Chi square was used as inferential statistics for categorical variables using cross tabulation of results to determine level of significance. P-value ˂ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of antibiotic misuse was 85.6%. The most commonly misused antibiotic was ampicillin-cloxacillin (49%) followed by metronidazole (45.1%) and tetracycline (38.0%). The most common ailments for self- medication were skin disease (59.1%), diarrhea / dysentery (52.1%) and cough. There was significant relationship between level of education and knowledge of antibiotics (p=0.001). Level of education was also significantly associated with their knowledge of whether antibiotic should be used based on prescription or not (p=0.009). However, respondents’ gender did not influence their use of antibiotics without prescriptions(p=0.66). Conclusion: The prevalence of misuse of antibiotics in Ilorin metropolis was high and cut across all adults, gender and educational level. Ampicillin/cloxacillin, tetracycline and metronidazole were the leading antibiotics misused by the residents in the study area.
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    Utilization of Antibiotics among Physician in the General Outpatient Unit of a Tertiary Health Facility in North Central Nigeria
    (Published by Association of Physicians of Bangladesh, 2017) Giwa, A; Jamiu, M.O; Bello, IK
    Background: Antibiotics are prescribed to treat infections caused by suspected or confirmed organism(s). Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing could lead to treatment failure increase cases of toxicity and development of resistant strains of organism. Objective: To assess the pattern of antibiotics prescribing among physician in the General Outpatients Department of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital in Ilorin. Method: The study involved a 6 month retrospective review of prescription sheets in the General Outpatient Department of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) to assess the prescription pattern. A total of 3,552 prescriptions were reviewed. Information on prescribing pattern of physicians and patient demographics were obtained through a date collection form. The data obtained were entered into Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 16 and analyzed using descriptive value. Logistic regression was used in inferential statistic and P values  0.05 were considered significant. Results: The prescribing rate of antibiotic was 82.13%. The most widely prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (21.9%), ciprofloxacin (21.2%), metronidazole (17.2%) and Amoxycillin (9.4%). Average number of drugs per prescription was 4.32 ±1.46. There was significant difference in the prescribing duration of antibiotics in female compare to male patient. Female patients had longer duration than their male counterpart. Conclusion: There was high rate of antibiotic prescribing among physicians in the health facility. Rational prescribing in terms of generic prescribing and prescribing from Essential Drug List (EDL) was adequately complied with and the number of prescribed medications per prescription was within the limit