Browsing by Author "Bawa, B."

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    Concentration of some Heavy Metals in Lycopersicon esculentum and Allium cepa Grown in Abarma River Bank. Gusau-Nigeria
    (Federal University Gusau-Nigeria, 2015) Bawa, B.; Sharif, N.; Hashim, T.; Ahmad, B. B.; Abbas, L. S.; Shehu, I. S.; Njinga, N. S.
    This work evaluated the heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni, and Pb) uptake of Lycopersicon esculentum and Allium cepa grown in the river bank of Abarma area, Gusau-Nigeria and assessed the potential risks of such metals. The concentration of metals in this samples follows the; Cd > Cr > Pb > Ni, Tomato is Cr > Cd > Ni > Pb, onion leave as Cr > Cd > Ni > Pb, and onions bulb is Cr > Cd> Ni >Pb. The range concentration of Cd, Cr and Pb in Lycopersicon esculentum Samples Obtained in mg/kg; 10.3±1.7- 6.9±1.8 for Cd, 12.6±3.0-8.0±0.6 for Cr and 4.3±1.0- 2.1±0.6 for Pb, are greater than FAO/WHO guidelines of 0.2mg/kg, 2.3mg/kg and 0.3mg/kg respectively. But the mean concentrations in mg/kg of Ni 5.5±0.8-2.8±0.8 is below 10mg/kg FAO/WHO guideline. However, the mean concentration in mg/kg of Cd, Cr and Pb and in Allium cepa samples obtained; 24.6±2.5-9.7±0.6(leaves), 10.9±1.2-6.8±2.7(bulbs) for Cd, 11.4±3.5-2.3±1.0(leaves), 15.4±3.6-5.1±1.7(bulbs) for Cr and 4.3±1.2-2.5±0.3(leaves), 3.9±0.3- 2.8±0.3(bulbs) Pb are greater than the guideline for FAO/WHO. And mean concentrations of 8.8±3.2- 5.5±2.1 (leaves), 8.3±2.4-5.1±1.2 (bulbs) for Ni are below 10mg/kg FAO/WHO guideline. The range mean concentration of 6.3±1.6-4.3±0.5mg/kg for Cd in soil samples is greater than the FAO/WHO guideline value of 3mg/kg. And the range mean concentration of Cr, Pb And Ni in the soil samples is below 10mg/kg FAO/WHO guideline values of 400, 100 and 75mg/kg. This confirmed that the soil and vegetables in the area were contaminated with the heavy metals. Thus, the results of this study revealed that the consumption of vegetables grown in the vicinity of sample areas pose a significant health risk to the inhabitants of the area.
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    Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of β-Sitosterol-3-O-Glucoside Isolated from Lannea Kerstingii Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiaceae)
    (Federal University Gusau-Nigeria, 2016) Njinga, N. S.; Sule, M. I.; Pateh, U. U.; Hassan, H. S.; Magaji, M. G.; Abdullahi, S. T.; Bakare-Odunola, T. M.; Bawa, B.; Egharevba, G. O.; Shittu, A. O.
    β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside was isolated using dry vacuum liquid chromatography. It was characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and 2D NMR spectra. The antimicrobial activity was determined using agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) were determined using broth dilution method. Antioxidant activity was determined through reaction of compound with DPPH radical. The compound was active against S. aureus, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, P. mirabilis, S. typhi, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, B. subtilis, C. albicans and C. tropicalis with zone of inhibition ranging from 22.0 ± 0.4 to 34.0 ± 0.3 mm and inactive against P. aeroginosa, Proteus vulgaris and C. krusei. The MIC ranged from 25.0 to 50.0 μg/ml while the MBC/MFC ranged from 50.0 to 200.0 μg/ml. The % DPPH scavenging activity at 4.0x103 μg/ml was found to be 81.44 ± 0.41 %. This result shows the high antioxidant and wide spectrum antimicrobial activity of β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside which can be a potential lead drug for resistant bacteria such as MRSA, and a potential source of natural antioxidants.