Browsing by Author "Bakare-Odunola, M.T."
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Item Characterization, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potentials of a herbal preparation.(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Published by Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria., 2019) Njinga, N.S.; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.; Mustapha, K.B.; Yahaya, T.; Shittu, A.O.; Bello, H. R.; Abdullahi, S.T.; Usman, S.O.; Ayanniyi, R.O.; Olufadi-Ahmed, H.Y.The stem bark of Lannea kerstingii Engl. & K. Krause was investigated for its phytochemistry, acute toxicity, antibacterial and anticonvulsant activit ies. Standard methods were used to evaluate phytochemistry while antibacterial activity was determined using agar diffusion and broth dilution method s on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Maximal electroshock-induced seizures test in chicks and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures test in mice were used to determine the anticonvulsant activity. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates steroids and triterpenes. Ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of the stem bark were found to be active against S. aureus, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, Proteus sp, E. coli, Bacillus subtilis with zone of inhibition ranging from 20-27.5mm and MIC ranging from 6.25mg/mL to 100mg/mL and MBC from 50mg/mL and above. LD50 was found to be 2154.066 mg/kg. The crude methanol extract of the stem bark afforded dose (150, 300 and 600mg/kg) dependent protection to the laboratory animals against the hind limb tonic extension though not statistically significant (P<0.05) showing the inability of the extract to inhibit seizure discharge within the brainstem seizure substrate. Meanwhile the extract at doses of 300 and 600mg/kg significantly (P<0.05) prolonged the onset of seizure in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) test showing the potential of this plant in raising seizure threshold in the brain therefore making it beneficial in the treatment of myoclonic and absence seizures. This justifies the use of the plant in treating convulsion.Item Characterization, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potentials of herbal preparation(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, A.B.U Zaria, 2019) Njinga N.S.; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.; Mustapha, K.B.; Yahaya, T.; Shittu A.O.; Bello, H.R.; Abdullahi, S.T.; Usman, S.O.; Ayanniyi, R.O.; Olufadi-Ahmed, H.Y.Herbal product (HP) (from Ricinus communis and honey) is used locally for the management of inflammatory and inflammation related disorders including asthma. The current study was carried out to determine the phytochemicals, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, chemical profile, elemental components, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of the HP used for treatment of asthma. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteus reagent and AlCl3 colorimetric method respectively. The chemo-profiling was done using TLC. Elemental analysis was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Albumin-induced paw oedema model was used to determine the anti-inflammatory activity while agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the HP at different concentrations. Flavonoids, saponins, alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, steroids and terpenoids were detected in the HP. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents obtained were 10.00 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 336.60 mg/g quercetin equivalent respectively. The chemo-profiling showed one spot at 254 nm but none at 366 nm. AAS indicated the presence of K, Ca, Fe, Na, Zn, Cu and Pb (Cu and Pb were within WHO acceptable limit). The 100 % concentration produced sudden but transient significant reduction in oedema size at 30 minutes. However, at 60 minutes the effect produced at 25 % was comparable to that of Ibuprofen at 20 mg/kg body weight. At 100% concentration HP all the organisms tested were sensitive except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The presence of flavonoids may justify the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities thus validating its use in local treatment of AsthmaItem Comparative phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of the stem and seed of Telfairia occidentalis Hook. F. (Curcurbitaceae)(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2016) Njinga, N.S.; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.; Abdullahi, S.T.; Okonkwo, J.A.; Oladimeji, O.H.This research analyzed and compares the phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of the different fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol) of the seed and stem extracts of T. occidentalis. Phytochemical studies were done using standard methods and spectrophotometric techniques. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effects. The phytochemistry of the seed fractions showed the presence of cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, steroids and terpenoids while that of the stem extract showed the presence of reducing sugars, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids. Only the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the stem contain flavonoid and phenols while the other seed did not contain any flavonoid and phenols. The petroleum ether and chloroform fractions of the seed contain more alkaloid than the stem. The difference was statistically significant at p<0.05. Also, only the ethyl acetate and acetone fractions of the stem contains alkaloid while those of the seed did not. The antioxidant activity of the seed fractions (0.5 mg) was found to range from 40.5 to 76.75 % scavenging activity for all the fractions while only the chloroform and ethyl acetate of the stem showed scavenging activity of 69.27 and 76.75 % respectively. The phytochemicals have been reported to be responsible for the pharmacological effect of most medicinal plants. Compounds from the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the stem may be potent leads for potential antioxidant.Item Effects of UV, Red and Sun Light on the Stability of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity in the Rhizomes of Zingiber Officinale(Zingiberacea)(Pharmaceutical Society of Kenya, 2020) Njinga, N.S.; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.; Abdullahi, S.T.; Abdulmajeed, F.F.; Bello, H.R.; Adediran, J.O.; Muhammad, Z.T.; Egharevba, G.O.; Shittu, A.O.; Attah, F.A.U.Item Isolation, characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of compounds from the Vernonia amygdalina.(Heliyon (Elsevier (Cell Press), Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ), 2024-04) Atolani, O.; Usman, M.A.; Adejumo, J.O.; Ayeni, A.E.; Ibukun, O.J.; Kola-Mustapha, A.T.; Njinga, N.S.; Quadri, L.A.; Ajani, E.O.; Amusa, T.O.; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.; Oladiji, A.T.; Alqahtani, A.; Mohamed, A.; Kambizi, L.Item Phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies of partitioned fractions of Lannea kerstingii Engl. And K. Krause (Anarcadiaceae)(West African College of Postgraduate Pharmacists, 2021) Njinga, N.S.; David, S.M.; Shittu A.O.; Lawal, B.A.; Bello, R.H.; Attah, F.A.U.; Usman, S.O.; Abdullahi, A.A.; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to global public health and requires actions like the development of new antimicrobial with significant activities over existing drugs. Objectives: This study aims at investigating the phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of partitioned fractions of Lannea kerstingii. Methods: A quantitative phytochemistry of chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol fractions of L. kerstingii for total flavonoid, phenol and alkaloid were done using standard method; antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were determined using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and agar diffusion method respectively. Results: The chloroform fraction contained only alkaloid (11%) and steroids while all the other fractions contained phenolic compounds in the range 0.43 to 0.67 mg/g garlic acid. The total flavonoid content ranged from 0.43 to 0.67 mg/g of quercetin. The total flavonoid in the ethyl acetate was significantly different from that of the methanol fraction but not with the acetone fraction. The acetone fraction showed highest antioxidant activity (60.4%) at 0.05 mg/mL though not as comparable to vitamin C. The ethyl acetate showed high antimicrobial activity as it was active against most of the organisms tested upon and zone of inhibition ranged from 13±0.02 to 29±0.1 mm. The acetone fraction was active only against T. mentagrophytes while the methanol fraction showed no activity. Conclusion: The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities may be due to the presence of flavonoids, as well to the presence of tannins and terpenoids present in the different fractions. This makes the ethyl acetate fraction a good source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.Item Phytochemical, elemental, antioxidant, antimicrobial and hypoglycemic studies of a mixed herbal product used for the management of diabetics(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, 2018) Bakare-Odunola, M.T.; Njinga, N.S.; Ayaniyi, R.O.; Bello, M.K.; Abdullahi, S.T.; Eniayewu, O.I.; Abdulmajeed, F.F.; Bello, H.R.Medicinal plants are important sources of disease-preventing compounds, which are important for the treatment of various health challenges such as diabetes. On an aqueous extract of a herbal product (HP) used for the management of diabetes, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and AlCl3 method respectively. Microbiological evaluation was done by determining the total viable, yeast, mould and coliform bacteria count. The elemental analysis was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometer. The acute toxicity was done using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline while the hypoglycemic activity was evaluated using alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Flavonoids, saponins, alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, steroids and terpenoids were detected in the HP. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents obtained was 1.58±0.001mg/g quercetin equivalent and 10.84±0.003 mg/g gallic acid equivalent respectively. Heavy metals Fe and Zn were present while Cu, Cd, Cr and Pb were absent. Na and K were also present at concentrations of 3.90 and 2.20mg·kg−1 respectively. The total viable and coliform counts were found to be 1.34 x 105and 9.0 x 104 cfu/g respectively while there was absence of mould and yeast in the HP. The LD50 of the HP was found to be above 5000 mg/kg. At dose of 125 mg/kg, the HP significantly (P<005) reduced glucose level to 143 mg/dL after 4 hours and to 123 mg/dL after 8 hours. The phytochemicals present, safety and the anti-diabetic activity justify the use of this HP in the management of diabetes.Item Potency evaluation of expired morphine sulphate injections.(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Published by Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria., 2021) Abdullahi, S.T.; Yusuf, A.; Njinga, N.S.; Eniayewu, O.I.; Bamidele, O.D.; Amali, M.O.; Ayanniyi, R.O.; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.Expired drugs have not necessarily lost their potency and efficacy as expiration dates are only assurances that the labeled potency will last at least until that time. Clinical situations may arise in which expired medicines might be considered owing to lack of viable alternatives or financial concerns. Moreover, limited studies have reported potency of pharmaceuticals beyond their labeled expiration dates. This study determined the potencies of expired morphine sulphate (10 mg and 15 mg) injections using British Pharmaceutical Codex specific absorptivity [E (1%, 1 cm)] values of 41 [at wavelength of maximum absorbance (λmax) of 285 nm] in water and 70 [at λmax of 298 nm] in 0.1N NaOH and compared with that of unexpired morphine hydrochloride (10 mg) injection. With the exception of expired morphine 15 mg injection, both the unexpired and expired 10 mg injections exceeded the United State Pharmaceutical Codex maximum acceptance limit of 110.0% (acceptance criteria of 90.0% – 110.0%). Although the percent contents of expired morphine 15 mg injections were significantly different from those of unexpired morphine 10 mg injections [mean percent content difference (95% confidence interval): 13.98% (11.05, 16.92) using water and 13.02% (8.95, 17.08) using 0.1N NaOH], expired morphine 10 mg injections were not significantly different from the unexpired morphine 10 mg injections [2.68% (-0.56, 5.92) using water and 7.33% (-3.40, 18.06) using 0.1N NaOH as assay solvents]. This study corroborates a previous report and indicates that expired morphine injections, if properly stored, can be extended past their expiration dates. While it is always best to use unexpired medication, expired morphine injections could be considered when it becomes the sole available option.Item Proteinease Inhibitory, Membrane Stabilization, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Evaluations of Leaves, Seeds and Calyces of Four Selected Edible Medicinal Plants(Tailoy and Francis, 2017-04-07) Kambizi, L.; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.; Oladiji, A.T.; Kola-Mustapha, A.T.; Amusa, T.O.; Atolani, O.; Njinga, N.S.; Quadri, A.L.The aqueous extracts of the edible parts of four common medicinal plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa, Telfairia occidentalis, Moringa oleifera and Ocimum gratissimum) readily consumed as food or supplements in many African settings are examined for some of their acclaimed pharmacological activities and possible potential associated risks. The classes of phytochemicals present are examined qualitatively and quantitatively, while the antioxidant activities were determined using three assays which include 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonate (ABTS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assays. The anti-inflammatory activities were also examined using proteinase inhibitory assays and red blood cell membrane stabilisation assays. Both the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the plants indicated that the plants have potentials for applications in foods and nutraceuticals that can be used for the management of various ailments and diseases. However, the consumption of H. sabdariffa leaf should be highly regulated as the extract exhibited reduced cell membrane stabilisation activities at increased concentrations.Item Quality assessment of different brands of diclofenac tablets marketed in Ilorin metropolis: a pharmaceutical and public health perspective.(Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy. Published by Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria., 2020) Abdullahi, S.T.; Olanipekun, O.C.; Njinga, N.S.,; Eniayewu, O.I.; Bamidele, O.D.; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.; Shittu, A.O.; Soyinka, J.O.Background: The quality of a medicinal product is an important factor for its safety and efficacy. Poor-quality medicines are a major impediment to improvements in public health. This study assessed the pharmaceutical quality of different brands of diclofenac (DCF) tablets in Ilorin metropolis. Methods: Four randomly selected brands of diclofenac potassium tablets (coded: DCF-A, DCF-B, DCF-C and DCF-D) were obtained from pharmaceutical outlets, and quality parameters were evaluated according to Pharmacopeial methods. The potency of tablets was determined spectrophotometrically based on the measurement of maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 276 nm in doubly distilled water. Results: Method validation according to the International Council for Harmonization guidelines showed acceptable sensitivity (limit of detection of 0.3886 μg/mL and limit of quantication of 1.1775 μg/mL), precision (% relative standard deviation range of 0.72 – 1.54), accuracy (% recovery range of 98.9 – 101.3). Average contents of active diclofenac were 45, 98, 103 and 105% for DCF-A, DCF-B, DCF-C and DCF-D respectively. DCF-A brand was not only substandard but falsied based on British Pharmacopoeia potency specication range of 95 – 105%. Conclusion: A substandard and falsied brand of diclofenac tablets was detected. Drug regulatory authority must ensure periodic post-registration surveillance of licensed pharmaceutical products marketed in the country to secure the health and safety of the populace.Item Toxicity assessment of sub-acute and sub-chronic oral administration and diuretic potential of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces(Heliyon, 2020) Njinga, N.S.; Kola-Mustapha, A.T.; Quadri, A.L.; Atolani, O.; Ayanniyi, R.O.; Buhari, M.O.; Amusa, T.O.; Ajani, E.O.; Folaranmi, O.O.; Bakare-Odunola, M.T.; Kambizi, L.; Oladiji, A.T.; Ebong, P.