Browsing by Author "Babatunde, Abiola"
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Item Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Cells Toxicity of a Single 2.0 Gy Cobalt60 Ionizing Radiation: An Animal Model(College of Health Science of Jimma University, 2019) Shittu, Akeem; Olatubosun, Lukman; Khalil, Eltahir; Olalere, Fatai; Babatunde, Abiola; Omokanye, KhadijatBACKGROUND: Bone marrow is extremely vulnerable to damage caused by radiation therapy. Hence, bone marrow suppression is an important side effect of radiotherapy. Effective use of radiotherapy is therefore compromised by radiation-related injuries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six Guinea-pigs were recruited for the study of which three were subjected to total body irradiation with Co60 while the other three served as controls. Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples were collected before and at days 9, 14 and 21, post irradiation. Manual and automated counts were performed for bone marrow nucleated cells and peripheral blood cells respectively. RESULTS: Declining bone marrow cellularity was evident immediately post irradiation. Mean ± SD of marrow cell counted per mm3 were 121,924±281, 87,603±772, 121,367±375 and 122,750±1000 pre-irradiation and days 9, 14 and 21, postirradiation (p-values 0.10, 0.27 and 0.29 respectively). Significant drops in counts were noticed on day 9 post-irradiation for all red cell parameters (p-values <0.05), for Total White Blood Cell Count and Neutrophil count (p-values <0.05) and also on days 14 and 21 for Lymphocytes (p-values <0.05) and on day 21 for Eosinophil/Basophil/Monocytes (p-value <0.05). A significant drop in platelets counts was also noticed on day 9 (p-value <0.05) which significantly increased above pre-irradiation value on day 21. CONCLUSION: Total body irrradiation with Co60 significantly affects the bone marrow with maximum reductions in marrow nucleated cells and peripheral blood cells counts on day 9 post irradiation.Item Fibrinolytic proteins of normal pregnancy and pre-eclamptic patients in North West Nigeria(2018) Oladosu-Olayiwola, Rashidat Oluwatosin; Olawumi, Hannah; Babatunde, Abiola; Ijaiya, Munirdeen; Durotoye, Idayat; Biliaminu, Sikiru A; Ibraheem, Rasheedat MBackground: The hypercoagulability of pregnancy is exaggerated in pre-eclamptic state because of endothelial activation with resultant production of some endothelial derived proteins that are said to be inhibitors of fibrinolysis. This study compares these proteins like tPA, PAI-1 and D-dimers in normal pregnant women and the pre-eclamptic women. Methodology: This was a comparative cross-sectional study. Eighty-five pre-eclamptic women were recruited as subjects and eighty five age, trimester and parity matched normotensive pregnant women as controls. Levels of PT, aPTT, tPA, PAI-1, D-dimer protein were determined in blood samples of subjects and controls. Urinalysis was performed with dipstick method on their urine samples. Data generated was analysed using the IBM®SPSS 20.0 (2011) soft ware packages and the level of significance was a p-value <0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 29.9±5.2 years. The median(25th-75th percentile) values of D-dimer, tPA, and PAI-1 of subjects were 730 (305.000-1560.000ng/ml), 0.11 (0.065-0,300ng/ml) and 3.65 (2.970-4,400ng/ml) respectively which were significantly higher than the corresponding values in the controls of 520 (24.000-1030.000ng/ml), 0.05 (0.040-0.090ng/ml and 2.650 (2.125-3.400ng/ml) respectively, p<0.05 each. Conclusion: The abnormal levels of PAI-1,D-dimer and tPA imply that they contribute to the exaggerated hypercoagulabilty state in pre-eclampsia thus, measuring their levels can help in the management of the condition.Item Impact of Body Mass Index on Haematological parameters at booking in Ilorin, Nigeria.(Unilorin, 2013) Adesina, Kikelomo; Aderibigbe, Adedeji; Olarinoye, Adebunmi; Balogun, Olayinka; Fadeyi, Abayomi; Babatunde, Abiola; Abdulkareem, Sanni; Ezeoke, GraceBackground: Pregnancy is associated with physiological changes that affect almost all of the systems in the body, including weight gain; these changes accommodate the demands of the feto-placental unit. Therefore, hematological parameters in pregnancy may not be comparable with those of non-pregnant women. Methodology: A total of 500 pregnant women were consecutively recruited at booking, and 465 met the inclusion criteria. Their blood samples were analyzed for some blood indices, which were compared with their body mass indices and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: The mean levels of Mean Corpuscular Volume(MCV) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration(MCHC) were 82.2 fl ± 8.4 and 34.0 g/dl ± 1.9, respectively, which were within the normal reference values but close to the lower limits. The hemoglobin concentration was low (10.5 g/dl), whereas the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was high (34.1 mm/hr). Hematological parameters were compared by trimesters. MCV and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin(MCH) increased across the trimesters, with P values of 0.0007 and 0.011, respectively (P< 0.05). PCV was also inversely proportional to the gestational age (P0.026). There was no statistically significant difference when BMI and hematological parameters were compared (P>0.05), although RBC and PCV values increased as the maternal weight increased, suggesting a probable positive correlation between the red cell count and concentration and body mass index in pregnancy. Conclusion: This study confirmed the hemodilutional effect of pregnancy and suggests a relationship between BMI, RBC and PCV in pregnancy. Body weight may increase the red cell parameters in pregnancy.Item A multi-template multiplex PCR assay for hepatitis B virus and human β-globin(Wiley-Blackwell, USA, 2017) Adeyemi, Oluwapelumi; Herod, Morgan; Oladiji, Femi; Fakunle, Yisa; Babatunde, Abiola; Agbede, OlajideThe Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is the hallmark of HBV infection. Detection of antibodies to HBs and the core (ie, HBsAg and HBcAb) are primary serological algorithms in the laboratory diagnosis of HBV. Detection of HBsAg DNA is an important supplement to serological diagnosis especially in clinical cases. Simultaneous amplification of internal cellular controls is a good indicator of sample quality. Human β-globin is a well characterized housekeeping gene (HKG) that is often applied as internal controls (IC) in molecular diagnosis. In this study, individual plasmid clones of the human β-globin and HBs genes were constructed. These plasmid constructs have been applied to characterize a multiplex PCR assays for HBs and β-globin genes. The findings suggest detection limits of less than 10 genome copies of either template In vitro using conventional and multiplex PCR conditions. Under the multiplex conditions, co-amplification of β-globin and HBsAgDNAhad a resultant effect on assay sensitivity. This study further highlights the importance of molecular diagnosis in HBV infectious individuals. If fully optimized, this assay could provide a possible diagnostic complement to serological detection in developing countries.Item Polyalthia longifolia Extract Triggers ER Stress in Prostate Cancer Cells Concomitant with Induction of Apoptosis: Insights from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2019) Afolabi, Saheed; Olorundare, Olufunke; Babatunde, Abiola; Albrecht, Ralph; Koketsu, Mamoru; Syed, Deeba; Mukhtar, HassanPlant-based therapies are being explored to prevent or treat several cancer types. The antioxidant properties of Polyalthia longifolia plant are well established. In our previous work, we demonstrated the presence of cytotoxic compounds in the methanol extract of Polyalthia longifolia (MEP) with potent activity against human leukemia cells. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of MEP against prostate cancer (PCa) and established the molecular basis of its effect in in vitro and in vivo models. We observed that MEP treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the growth and viability of PCa cells, associated with arrest in the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. Apoptosis was confirmed as the primary mode of MEP-induced cell death through activation of the intrinsic apoptotic machinery. Proteomic and biochemical studies identified BiP as an important target of MEP with the activation of the ER stress pathway, as a potential mechanism driving MEP-induced apoptosis. The extract exhibited strong efficacy in the PCa xenograft mouse model with significant inhibition of tumor growth and reduced tumor burden. Taken together, our findings indicate that MEP-induced apoptosis in PCa cells concomitant with the activation of the ER stress pathways results in the inhibition of tumor growth, in vitro and in vivo. Our studies provide initial evidence of the efficacy of MEP against PCa and advocate for in-depth studies in other preclinical models for its possible use in clinical settings.Item Screening for Syphilis Among Blood Donors in Nigeria: Application of General Quality Principles(African Society for Blood Transfusion, 2019-12) Shittu, Akeem; Fadeyi, Abayomi; Olawumi, Hannah; Babatunde, Abiola; Omokanye Khadijat; Ogunfemi, MutiatBackground: Safety of blood for transfusion is a global concern. WHO and Africa Society for Blood Transfusion require a minimum of antibodies to Treponema pallidum or VDRL or RPR test on all donated blood units before transfusion. Application of general quality principle in screening for Transfusion Transmissible Infections, syphilis inclusive is a major determinant of safety of blood transfusion. Methods: Forty-eight health care facilities were recruited for the study between January and June 2018. A self-administered structured questionnaire, physical interactions and telephone calls were employed to collect all relevant data on quality measures, types of blood donors, total number of blood units screened and reactivity to syphilis screening tests. Results: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory method was used to screen all donations for syphilis at 81.3% of the facilities screened. Twenty seven of the 39 facilities that screened for syphilis validated their test kits, 24 facilities had written SOPs and quality control system while 33 and 6 facilities procured syphilis screening reagents through Hospital Managements and Departments. A total of 98 478 blood units were collected and screened for syphilis. Of the 831 samples found reactive, 405, 408 and 18 were obtained from tertiary, secondary and private hospitals and 384, 381 and 66 of the samples were from family replacement, paid and voluntary non-remunerated blood donors respectively. Conclusion: Majority of the facilities studied screened for syphilis using non-specific method and most employed general quality principles that conform to National and Africa Society for Blood Transfusion guidelines. Syphilis sero-prevalence of 0.84% was recorded in this study.