Browsing by Author "Babamale Abdulkareem Olarewaju"

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    High parasitaemia correlates with malaria episodes and the socioeconomic impact of recurrent malaria infection in high-transmission zone of Nigeria
    (2022) Babamale Abdulkareem Olarewaju; Abdulkareem Adam Olaitan; Yinka Oyewole Jamiu; Kolawole Folasade; Olatundun Babawale Oluwapelumi; Ayodipo Onitayo Faith Ayodipo; Uddin Mohammad Mosleh; Ugbomoiko Uade Samuel
    Background: Recurrent malaria infection is a major phenomenon in a hightransmission zone with deplorable health and socioeconomic consequences on individuals and the public. However, the association between parasitaemia, repeated episodes of the infection, and its socioeconomic impact is less studied. Therefore, this study aimed at bridg ing this research gap by conducting an epidemiological survey in selected malaria-endemic settings of Kwara state, Nigeria. Results: High prevalence and intensity of infection were observed, 56.6% of 572 study participants were infected with average parasitaemia of 3022.25 ± 1001.51 per µl of blood and the majority of heavy infection was due to Plasmodium falciparum. The heavily asymptomatic infected participants were among the younger age group par ticularly ≤ 20 years, and infection decreases with increasing age. Parasitaemia and the number of episodes of malaria attacks were positively correlated (R2 = 0.2388, p < 0.0001). Highrecurrent malaria was associated with male (p = 0.001), younger age (p = 0.0012), low-income status (p = 0.0004), bush around habitation (0.0014), and unavoidability of preventive strategies and treatment (p < 0.0001) of malaria. Our study further revealed socioeconomic factors as cause and/or consequence of recurrent malaria infection. Low income individuals (aOR 1.948 95%CI 0.945–2.512) and illiterates (aOR 1.920 95%CI 1.470–2.149), those living close to bush (aOR 2.501 95%CI 2.033–3.714) and dumpsite (aOR 2.718 95%CI 1.661–3.118) are at least twice likely to have recurrent infection. The socioeconomic consequence of recurrent malaria episodes includes reduced economic activities, personal savings, and change of lifestyle in adults, while infected children suffered declined academic performance and sports activities. Conclusions: This study underscores high malaria intensity as a prevalent health problem in our study location and demonstrates a positive correlation between malaria episodes and parasitaemia which can be explored in the clinic for the screening of suitable antimalarial drugs that cure beyond a single infection. Our finding also advocates for mass distribution of insecticide-treated nets, provision of socio-infrastructural amenities such as medical centers, good drainage system and highly subsidized malaria treatment in endemic endemic rural communities
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    LETROZOLE ATTENUATES CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK IN PLASMODIUM BERGHEI-INFECTED MICE
    (2023) Abdulkareem Adam Olaitan; Babamale Abdulkareem Olarewaju; Jesutomisin Caleb Omisope; Oluwabunmi Badmos-king A; Ibiwumi Dare B; Olatunji Lawrence Aderemi; Ugbomoiko Uade Samuel
    Malaria is associated with cardiometabolic disorders, promoting the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We recently demonstrated letrozole’s cardioprotective effects in fructose-exposed male rats. Hence, in this study, we investigated the effect of a low-dose letrozole against cardiometabolic risk in Plasmodium berghei-infected female mice. Twenty female mice were randomly grouped into four (n=5/group): uninfected, infected, letrozole (0.24 mg/kg, p.o/day, without infection), and infected + letrozole. Weekly percentage parasitaemia was recorded. At the end of the 21-day exposure, blood and liver were collected and processed for biochemical analyses. P. berghei infection decreased serum estradiol level after 21-day infection and increased serum and liver levels of malondialdehyde, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) index. Similarly, P. berghei elevated serum uric acid and hepatic total cholesterol levels. Meanwhile, the administered dose of letrozole did not significantly affect serum estradiol but lowered lipid peroxidation, attenuated lipid alterations, and reduced serum uric acid level. We reveal that P. berghei-infection lowered serum estradiol and promoted cardiometabolic risk in female mice, while letrozole lowered parasitaemia and mitigated the associated cardiometabolic risk. Thus, this study is suggestive of letrozole’s potential as an adjuvant therapy for improved management of malaria-induced cardiometabolic complications. Further study is recommended to investigate the anti-malaria potency of letrozole, independent of gender.