Browsing by Author "Ayanniyi, R. O."

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    Anti-inflammatory and Diuretic Activities of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) and Andrographis paniculata Burm. f. (Acanthaceae) Co-administered in Rats.
    (Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Development and Practice, 2016-06) Lawal, B. A.; Salawu, K. M.; Agunu, A.; Adedoyin, I. R.; Abdulganiy, G. O.; Ayanniyi, R. O.
    Moringa oleifera Lam. ( Moringaceae) and Andrographis paniculata Burm.f. ( Acanthaceae) are commonly used medicine plants in severalparts of Nigeria . The leaf extract of M. oleifera (MO) has been extensively studied and used traditionally for its anti-inflammatory anddiuretic activities. Because of the wide medicinal benefits of these plants they are often used together in polyherbal formulation(s). This study was aimed at evaluating some biological activities of MO and A. paniculata (AP) administered singly and in combination. Thisaim was pursued using in vivo acute toxicity study, formalin induced rat paw edema and diuretic assay. The leaf extracts MO and AP were observed to be safe up to 5000 mg/kg body weight. The extract of MO and AP at 100 mg/kg body weightdisplayed 69.44 and 10.10 % inhibition of rat paw edema respectively, while the combination of extract elicited weaker inhibition (11.29 %)of paw volume. The extract of MO and AP when administered singly and in various combination at different doses elicited similar diureticactivity compared to the hydrochlorothiazide except at a combined dose of MO 50 mg/kg + AP 50 mg/kg, where the urine volume(1.27±0.60 mL) was lower compared to the negative control (1.62±0.52 mL). The extracts of MO and AP were observed to be relatively safe. The extract of MO had significant anti-inflammatory and diuretic activitiescompared to AP . However the combination of both plants extracts led to inhibition of the anti-inflammatory and diuretic activities of MO.
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    Evaluation of Phytochemical Constituents and Anticonvulsant Activity of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Anthocleista Djalonensis (Loganiaceae) in Mice
    (African Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 2023) Aiyelero, M. O.; Salahudeen, M. A.; Salawu, K. M.; Ojuade F. I.; Njinga, N. S.; Ayanniyi, R. O.
    Anthocleista djalonensis (Loganiaceae) is used traditionally for the treatment of convulsions, hypertension, stomach pains, hemorrhoids, syphilis, diabetes, and other conditions. The objective of this work was to access the phytochemicals (using standard methods) and anticonvulsant potential (using adult Swiss albino mice) of the ethanol leaf extract of A. djalonensis (EEAD). The acute toxicity profile of EEAD was investigated following standard guidelines established by the OECD 423. The study examined the anticonvulsant activity of EEAD at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg in pentylenetetrazole- and strychnine-induced seizure tests. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out and revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, terpenoids and alkaloids. When given orally to mice, the extract's median lethal dose (LD50) was more than 2000 mg/kg. Despite the fact that there was no significant difference between the control and 200 mg/kg doses, the ethanol leaf extract of A. djalonensis showed a significant (P<0.05) dosedependent increase in the start of clonic and tonic seizures.. The 800 mg/kg dose of the extract produced an almost similar effect as standard drug (diazepam) in stopping the occurrence of clonic and tonic seizure. Also, the higher the dose of EEAD, the higher its protection of the mice against mortality in both strychnine and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure models as 800 mg/kg dose produced complete protection against mortality similar to diazepam. These findings suggest that EEAD possess anticonvulsant activity which justifies the traditional utility of the plant in the management of convulsion.
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    Potency Evaluation of Expired Morphine Injections
    (Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021-03) Abdullahi, Saad Toyin; Yusuf, A; Njinga, N. S.; Eniayewu, O. I; Bamidele, O. D.; Amali, M. O.; Ayanniyi, R. O.; Bakare-Odunola, M, T.
    Expired drugs have not necessarily lost their potency and efficacy as expiration dates are only assurances that the labeled potency will last at least until that time. Clinical situations may arise in which expired medicines might be considered owing to lack of viable alternatives or financial concerns. Moreover, limited studies have reported potency of pharmaceuticals beyond their labeled expiration dates. This study determined the potencies of expired morphine sulphate (10 mg and 15 mg) injections using British Pharmaceutical Codex specific absorptivity [E (1%, 1 cm)] values of 41 [at wavelength of maximum absorbance (λmax) of 285 nm] in water and 70 [at λmax of 298 nm] in 0.1N NaOH and compared with that of unexpired morphine hydrochloride (10 mg) injection. With the exception of expired morphine 15 mg injection, both the unexpired and expired 10 mg injections exceeded the United State Pharmaceutical Codex maximum acceptance limit of 110.0% (acceptance criteria of 90.0% – 110.0%). Although the percent contents of expired morphine 15 mg injections were significantly different from those of unexpired morphine 10 mg injections [mean percent content difference (95% confidence interval): 13.98% (11.05, 16.92) using water and 13.02% (8.95, 17.08) using 0.1N NaOH], expired morphine 10 mg injections were not significantly different from the unexpired morphine 10 mg injections [2.68% (-0.56, 5.92) using water and 7.33% (-3.40, 18.06) using 0.1N NaOH as assay solvents]. This study corroborates a previous report and indicates that expired morphine injections, if properly stored, can be extended past their expiration dates. While it is always best to use unexpired medication, expired morphine injections could be considered when it becomes the sole available option.