Browsing by Author "Atunwa, Soliu Abiola"

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    CYTOTOXICITY AND ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE STUDIES OF Crinum Jagus L. (Amaryllidaceae) BULB EXTRACT
    (Bima Journal of Science and Technology, 2020-07) Salawu, Kayode Muritala; Atunwa, Soliu Abiola; Eniayewu, Oluwasegun Ibrahim
    Crinum jagus is a flowering plant, commonly called poison bulb. Traditionally, the bulb extract is used in the treatment of several ailments including cancer. Cancer is a global cause of death characterized by abnormal cell proliferation. This research thus aimed to identify secondary metabolites present in the crude extract of C. jagus and evaluate its cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities using bench top assays. Whole C. jagus bulb was collected, air-dried under the shade and extracted into distilled methanol. The extract was concentrated in vacuum and subjected to; phytochemical analysis, brine shrimp lethality (BSL) assay, Sorghum bicolor radical and Allium cepa root growth inhibitory assays. Data obtained was analyzed by Graphpad prism version 6.0. The whole bulb on extraction had a percentage yield of 12.15 % w/w. The phytochemical content of the extract includes alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and some glycosides. The extract demonstrated concentration dependent brine shrimp lethality (LC50 of 65.62±0.74 μg/mL), Sorghum bicolor radical growth inhibition (IC50 = 5.36±3.21μg/mL) and significant Allium cepa root growth inhibition comparative to cyclophosphamide (a standard anticancer drug). The extract was found to be rich in secondary metabolites which elicited significant cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activities. This is the first report of antiproliferative activity of C. jagus bulb extract. Hence, this study justifies the traditional use of the bulb in the treatment of cancer.
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    Ketamine Induced Analgesia in Mice at Sub-psychotomimetic Dose
    (West African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research, 2017-01) Atunwa, Soliu Abiola; Adeyemi, Oluwole Isaac; Owolabi, Adegboyega Rotimi
    The roles of N- Methyl –D- Aspartate receptor in the processing of nociception have led to renewed clinical interest in ketamine, an antagonist of the NMDA receptor. Low-dose ketamine had been reported to possess an analgesic effect though the paucity and inconsistency of such data have called for direct evaluation of this claim. This study, therefore, explored the analgesic effect of a sub-psychotomimetic dose of ketamine (SPDK), evaluated such effect on morphine- and diclofenac-induced analgesia, and determined its possible neuronal mechanism of analgesia. Mice weighing between 18-25 g were randomly distributed into two major groups consisting of Group 1 and 2 which were used for the assessment of analgesic effect and determination of the neuronal mechanism of 1 mg/kg ketamine using the hot plate model; and the formalin-induced pain model respectively. Data were presented as mean ± standard error of mean SEM and analyzed using ANOVA followed by post-hoc analysis (Student-Newman-Keuls) and P < 0.05 was set as an acceptable level of significance. The SPDK induced significant analgesia in the hot plate model but caused allodynia in the formalin-induced pain model. In addition, SPDK potentiated morphine-induced and diclofenac-induced analgesia in both the hot plate and formalin tests, while naloxone significantly blocked its analgesic effect at 90 minutes post-administration in the hot plate test. This study showed that SPDK induced analgesia in the acute pain model but aggravated pain in the chronic model. It also potentiated both morphine and diclofenac-induced analgesia possibly mediated through modulation of opioidergic pathway in mice. Keywords: Sub-Psychotomimetic Dose, Ketamine, morphine, diclofenac, allodynia, hot plate model, formalin-induced pain model, NMDA receptors, opioidergic pathway