Browsing by Author "Aremu, N. I."
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Item Assessment of physico-mechanical properties of clay deposits in Asa local government area of Kwara State Nigeria for industrial applications(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2019) Shuaib-Babata, Yusuf Lanre; Ambali, i. i.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Ajao, K. S.; Elakhame, Z. U.; Aremu, N. I.; Odeniyi, O. M.Adequate information about the properties of most available clay materials in Nigeria is necessary to enhance their industrial applications. Availability of this information will adversely reduce importation of refractory materials and its products into the country, since the mineral resources are abundantly available in the country. This study evaluated the chemical and physico-mechanical properties of some selected clay deposits across the three districts of Asa Local Government Area (LGA) of Kwara State to ascertain their suitability for refractory and other industrial applications. The results revealed that the clay samples were mainly alumina-silica based with silica and alumina concentrations of 47.30 – 58.50% and 32.75 – 34.30% respectively. The physico-mechanical properties exhibited by the clay samples included: clay content (33.80-72.20%), linear shrinkage (6.10-9.80%), moisture content (21.00-33.00%), bulk density (1.99 - 2.87 g/cm3), apparent porosity (21.00-37.00%), permeability (73-94), compressive strength (213-840 N/mm2), thermal shock resistance (+29 cycles), specific gravity (2.18-2.52) and refractoriness (>1300oC). The properties were within the required standard values which make the clays suitable for insulating materials, refractories for low-medium thermal applications and Shuaib-Babata USEP: Journal of Research Information in Civil Engineering, Vol.16, No.2, 2019 et al 2728 manufacturing of ceramics. Though, Afon, Bakase and Ballah clay samples may require the addition of organic matter to enhance the clays’ suitability for applications that may require a higher value of porosity and permeability and low density. Effective utilization of Asa L.G.A. clays will help to domesticate the production of refractory products and enhance the establishment of Small and Medium Scale Foundry Enterprises in Nigeria in addressing the problem of unemploymentItem Assessment of Physico-Mechanical Properties of Clay Deposits in Asa Local Government Area of Kwara State Nigeria for Industrial Applications.(Journal of Research Information in Civil Engineering. Published by Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria., 2019-02) Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.,; Ambali, I. O.,; Ibrahim, H. K.,; Ajao, K. S.,; Elakhame, Z. U.,; Aremu, N. I.; Odeniyi, O. M.Adequate information about the properties of most available clay materials in Nigeria is necessary to enhance their industrial applications. Availability of this information will adversely reduce importation of refractory materials and its products into the country, since the mineral resources are abundantly available in the country. This study evaluated the chemical and physico-mechanical properties of some selected clay deposits across the three districts of Asa Local Government Area (LGA) of Kwara State to ascertain their suitability for refractory and other industrial applications. The results revealed that the clay samples were mainly alumina-silica based with silica and alumina concentrations of 47.30 – 58.50% and 32.75 – 34.30% respectively. The physico-mechanical properties exhibited by the clay samples included: clay content (33.80-72.20%), linear shrinkage (6.10-9.80%), moisture content (21.00-33.00%), bulk density (1.99 - 2.87 g/cm3), apparent porosity (21.00-37.00%), permeability (73-94), compressive strength (213-840 N/mm2), thermal shock resistance (+29 cycles), specific gravity (2.18-2.52) and refractoriness (>1300oC). The properties were within the required standard values which make the clays suitable for insulating materials, refractories for low-medium thermal applications and manufacturing of ceramics. Though, Afon, Bakase and Ballah clay samples may require the addition of organic matter to enhance the clays’ suitability for applications that may require a higher value of porosity and permeability and low density. Effective utilization of Asa L.G.A. clays will help to domesticate the production of refractory products and enhance the establishment of Small and Medium Scale Foundry Enterprises in Nigeria in addressing the problem of unemployment.Item Characterization of Belle Natural Moulding Sand for Foundry Application.(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria, 2019-02-18) Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.,; Nafiu, M. B.,; Ajao, K. S.,; Ambali, I. O.,; Elakhame, Z. U.,; Busari, O. Y.,; Ibrahim, H. K.; Aremu, N. I.There exists vast availability of natural sands which may be suitable for foundry applications in different locations Kwara State in particular and generally in Nigeria. The sands need to be identified and characterised for productive and profitable foundry practices. In this study, assessment of chemical and physicomechanical properties of the natural moulding sand in Belle community of Kwara State, Nigeria was carried out to ascertain its suitability for foundry applications. The analysis of the sand samples’ Chemical compositions were done using an XRF Analyser, while American foundry-men Society, ASTM and British standards laboratory tests procedures were adopted appropriately to determine the sand’s physico-mechanical properties. The results of chemical composition analysis showed that SiO2 have dominance proportion in the sand sample with an average value of 92.90 %, followed by Al2O3 (5.13%). CaO, Fe2O3, MgO, K2O, Na2O, ZnO and MnO were present within acceptable limits as trace elements. The results showed average physico-mechanical properties of the natural moulding sand sample to include grain fineness number (126), bulk density (1765 Kg/m3 ), moisture contents (7.66%), specific gravity (2.64), permeability (0.1cm/s), green compressive strength (51KN/m2 ), dry compressive strength (209KN/m2 ), flowability (65.22%), clay content (10%) shatter index (76%) and refractoriness (>900o C), which were within the required standards for casting of non-ferrous metal. Thus, Belle sand was found suitable for casting of non-ferrous metals. Though, there may be a need for the use of additives like bentonite, to enhance the sand’s clay content in order to increase the sand potential for foundry applicationsItem Characterization of Belle Natural Moulding Sand for Foundry Applications(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 2019-01) Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Nafiu, M. B.; Ajao, K. S.; Ambali, I. O.; Elakhame, Z. U.; Busari, Y. O.; Hassan, H. K.; Aremu, N. I.There exists vast availability of natural sands which may be suitable for foundry applications in different locations Kwara State in particular and generally in Nigeria. The sands need to be identified and characterised for productive and profitable foundry practices. In this study, assessment of chemical and physico-mechanical properties of the natural moulding sand in Belle community of Kwara State, Nigeria was carried out to ascertain its suitability for foundry applications. The analysis of the sand samples’ Chemical compositions were done using an XRF Analyser, while American foundry-men Society, ASTM and British standards laboratory tests procedures were adopted appropriately to determine the sand’s physico-mechanical properties. The results of chemical composition analysis showed that SiO2 have dominance proportion in the sand sample with an average value of 92.90 %, followed by Al2O3 (5.13%). CaO, Fe2O3, MgO, K2O, Na2O, ZnO and MnO were present within acceptable limits as trace elements. The results showed average physico-mechanical properties of the natural moulding sand sample to include grain fineness number (126), bulk density (1765 Kg/m3), moisture contents (7.66%), specific gravity (2.64), permeability (0.1cm/s), green compressive strength (51KN/m2), dry compressive strength (209KN/m2), flowability (65.22%), clay content (10%) shatter index (76%) and refractoriness (>900oC), which were within the required standards for casting of non-ferrous metal. Thus, Belle sand was found suitable for casting of non-ferrous metals. Though, there may be a need for the use of additives like bentonite, to enhance the sand’s clay content in order to increase the sand potential for foundry applicationsItem Characterization of Belle natural moulding sand for foundry applications(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 2019) Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Nafiu, M. B.; Ajao, K. S.; Ambali, I. O; Elakhame, Z. U.; Busari, Y. O.; Hassan, H. K.; Aremu, N. I.There exists vast availability of natural sands which may be suitable for foundry applications in different locations Kwara State in particular and generally in Nigeria. The sands need to be identified and characterised for productive and profitable foundry practices. In this study, assessment of chemical and physico-mechanical properties of the natural moulding sand in Belle community of Kwara State, Nigeria was carried out to ascertain its suitability for foundry applications. The analysis of the sand samples’ Chemical compositions were done using an XRF Analyser, while American foundry-men Society, ASTM and British standards laboratory tests procedures were adopted appropriately to determine the sand’s physico-mechanical properties. The results of chemical composition analysis showed that SiO2 have dominance proportion in the sand sample with an average value of 92.90 %, followed by Al2O3 (5.13%). CaO, Fe2O3, MgO, K2O, Na2O, ZnO and MnO were present within acceptable limits as trace elements. The results showed average physico-mechanical properties of the natural moulding sand sample to include grain fineness number (126), bulk density (1765 Kg/m3), moisture contents (7.66%), specific gravity (2.64), permeability (0.1cm/s), green compressive strength (51KN/m2), dry compressive strength (209KN/m2), flowability (65.22%), clay content (10%) shatter index (76%) and refractoriness (>900oC), which were within the required standards for casting of non-ferrous metal. Thus, Belle sand was found suitable for casting of non-ferrous metals. Though, there may be a need for the use of additives like bentonite, to enhance the sand’s clay content in order to increase the sand potential for foundry applicationsItem Characterization of Belle Natural Moulding Sand for Foundry Applications(USEP: Journal of Research Information in Civil Engineering, 2019) Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Nafiu, M. B.; Ajao, K. S.; Ambali, I. O.; Elakhame, Z. U.; Busari, Y. O.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Aremu, N. I.There exists vast availability of natural sands which may be suitable for foundry applications in different locations Kwara State in particular and generally in Nigeria. The sands need to be identified and characterised for productive and profitable foundry practices. In this study, assessment of chemical and physicomechanical properties of the natural moulding sand in Belle community of Kwara State, Nigeria was carried out to ascertain its suitability for foundry applications. The analysis of the sand samples’ Chemical compositions were done using an XRF Analyser, while American foundry-men Society, ASTM and British standards laboratory tests procedures were adopted appropriately to determine the sand’s physico-mechanical properties. The results of chemical composition analysis showed that SiO2 have dominance proportion in the sand sample with an average value of 92.90 %, followed by Al2O3 (5.13%). CaO, Fe2O3, MgO, K2O, Na2O, ZnO and MnO were present within acceptable limits as trace elements. The results showed average physico-mechanical properties of the natural moulding sand sample to include grain fineness number (126), bulk density (1765 Kg/m3), moisture contents (7.66%), specific gravity (2.64), permeability (0.1cm/s), green compressive strength (51KN/m2), dry compressive strength (209KN/m2), flowability (65.22%), clay content (10%) shatter index (76%) and refractoriness (>900oC), which were within the required standards for casting of non-ferrous metal. Thus, Belle sand was found suitable for casting of non-ferrous metals. Though, there may be a need for the use of additives like bentonite, to enhance the sand’s clay content in order to increase the sand potential for foundry applications.Item Corrosion inhibition efficacy of hybrid organic extracts from prosopisafricana and citrulluslanatus on mild steel in acidic medium(Faculty of Engineering, “Dunarea De Jos” University of Galati Romania, 2023-03-15) SHUAIB-BABATA, Yusuf Lanre; Ayinde, I. V.; Busari, Y. O.; Ameen, M. O.; Yahya, R. A; Ambali, I. O.; Aremu, N. I.; Abdulraman, S. O; Ajao, K. S; Garuba, A. A.Each of Prosopis Africana pod extract (PAPE) and Citrulluslanatus (WMPE) performed quite well as green inhibitors in the electrochemical corrosion in acidic solution at ambient temperature in previous research. However, the hybridization of these compounds was varied with the concentration ratio in this study to optimize the efficiency of the green inhibitor in a hydrochloric acid medium using mild steel. The extraction process of the inhibitor samples was carried out with the Soxhlet apparatus using n-hexane as the solvent. Furthermore, the potential inhibition efficiency was monitored using various corrosion measurement techniques at room temperature. The inhibitive response of the extracts could be attributed to the adsorption of the extracts’ components on mild steel surface by physisorption mechanism according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The results revealed that inhibition efficiency (IE%) depends on the concentration of the extracts. The peak IE% values were obtained with a hybrid ratio of 3:1 (PAPE: WMPE) for gravimetric technique. The Tafel polarization and gasometrical measurement technique is 96.7%, 98.5% and 83.1% respectively at the concentration of 1.0 g/L, which are above the peak IE% for PAPE (93.7%, 80.96% and 77.8%) and WMPE (92.7%, 80.5% and 75.6%)Item Inhibitive Potential of Prosopis Africana on Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in 1M Hydrochloric Acid Medium(Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2019) Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Ibrahim, K. H; Ambali, I. O.; Ajao, K. S.; Yahya, R. A.; Aremu, N. I.; Pelumi, A. A,Recently, there is quest for the use of inexpensive, non-toxic, non-biodegradable, readily available and environmentally acceptable corrosion inhibitor. Studies have shown that these properties could be achieved through the use of plants as inhibitor. Inhibiting effect of Prosopis Africana (Iron Tree) seed extracts were assessed on a sample of low carbon steel in 1M HCl with varying proportion of the seed extract using gravimetric, Tafel polarization and gasometrical measurement techniques. The results show that weight loss/corrosion rate decreases with increase in the extracts’ concentrations. Good inhibiting efficiency of Prosopis Africana extracts with optimum inhibiting efficiency of 97.7% at 1.0 g/l after 120 hours exposure in gravimetric measurement was attained. TAFEL polarization results revealed that the Prosopis Africana extract shows that the corrosion current density decreases with the increase in the concentration of the extract. The extract is found suitable as green inhibitor for corrosion of low carbon steel in the studied medium.Item Introduction to materials & metallurgical engineering discipline(Faculty of Engineering & Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, 2019) Aremu, N. I.; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Ambali, I. O.Item Production of Abrasive Sandpaper using Periwinkle Shells and Crab Shells.(Published by Deer Hill Publications, B-19-06 PV8, Platinum Hill Condominium Jalan Melati Utama, 53100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia., 2020-06-30) Ambali, I. O.; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.,; Abdulqadir, L. B.,; Ibrahim, H. K.,; Aremu, N. I.; Ibraheem, T. O.In this study, the properties of periwinkle shell and crab shell grains, such as hardness, compressive strength and wear resistancewere examinedfor their suitability as abrasive materials. The binding effect of polyester resin at high concentrationwas also considered. Through the processof crushing, grinding and subsequently sieving using ASTM E11 set of sieves, the shells were processedinto grit standards grain sizes of P40 and P60. Furthermore, by mixing and mould compression using a hydraulic press polymer matrix composite with particles varying from 96 wt.% to 92 wt.% and resin 3 wt.% to 7 wt.% with 1 wt.% each of cobalt naphthalene and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide hardenerrespectively were developedfrom the grits. It was found that, with an increase in polyester resin content, thehardness and compressive strength increased, while the wear rate decreased. The composition with 92 wt.% periwinkle shell grains to 7 wt.% polyester resin was found to be with the most improved abrasive properties.Item QUALITY EVALUATION OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE STEELS IN SOME SELECTED NIGERIAN MARKETS(University Politehnica Timsoara, Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara, 2019-05) Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Adewuyi, R. A.; Ajao, K. S.; Ambali, I. O.; Aremu, N. I.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Abdul, J. M.The incessant building collapse and structural failures in Nigeria has renewed interests in the evaluation of the basic properties of reinforcing steel bars in Nigeria markets, since local markets serve as major source of supply for the steels used in construction and structural development. Thus, this study evaluated the quality of commercially available reinforcing steel bars in some selected markets with a view to determine their suitability for structural applications. Various steel bars samples were obtained from markets in four Nigeria cities. The basic physico-mechanical properties of the samples were examined and the obtained results were compared with the specified parameters in Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS), ASTM and British Standards. Visual inspections revealed that most of the parameters that must to be indicated in identification marks on reinforcing steel bars were absent. Results also showed that the samples contained the basic chemical constituents of steel and possessed significant strengths and hardness values, but with noticeable inconsistencies in their contents. Thus, the level of compliance with the specified properties in the standards needs improvement. To avoid incessant structural failures in the country, regular and effective monitoring of the quality of steel bars in the markets for structural applications becomes imperative.Item The Suitability of Using Environmental Waste (Polystyrene Foam, Sawdust and Eggshells) for Developing a Hybrid Composite for Ceiling Boards(Faculty of Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, 2022-03) SHUAIB-BABATA, YUSUF Lanre; Busari, Y. O.; Abdulraman, S. O.; Ambali, I. O.; Aremu, N. I.; Ajao, K. S.; Abdulqadir, L. B.; Arowolo, I. O.This study considers the suitability of using environmental wastes (polystyrene foam, sawdust and eggshell) for the development of composite materials for ceiling boards. The materials were collected from dumping sites and processed accordingly. The elemental compositions of the processed sawdust and eggshell were examined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (ASS) and plasma-optical emission spectrometer (Optimal 3100XL Perkin Elmer) respectively. Properties of the composite samples were determined using appropriate ASTM standards (ASTM D570, C109-95, D3479, E1530 and D7336/D7336M). The results show that the composite with a mix ratio of 5% Polystyrene, 10% sawdust and 40% eggshell exhibited the most suitable properties for ceiling board production or indoor uses in building: water absorption (0.52 and 6.17% for 2 and 24hours respectively), tensile strength (2.362 N/mm2), elongation at break (0.677 mm), compressive strength (0.1575 N/mm2), energy to break (0.016 N.m) and thermal conductivity of 0.0221 W/M.K. Thus, the production of suitable ceiling board using some bio-wastes can be domesticated in Nigeria.