Browsing by Author "Anifowoshe, A.T"
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Item Comparative studies of genotoxicity and anti-plasmodial activities of stem and leaf extracts of Alstonia boonei (De Wild) in malaria-infected mice(Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria, 2017-09) Babamale, O.A; Iyiola, O.A; Adeyemi, S.B; Sulaiman, A.F; Abdulkareem, A.O; Anifowoshe, A.T; Awe, O.D; Ajani, D; Ugbomoiko, U.SDrug resistance in malaria infection is a serious public health challenge. Thus, scientific search for alternative treatment measures among the local medicinal plants is exigent. We therefore investigated the anti-plasmodial efficacy and genotoxicity of the methanolic leaf and stem extracts of Alstonia plant at varying concentration (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg) in mice infected with chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei. The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed that leaf sample contained significantly higher secondary metabolites, except saponins (p<0.05). Anti-plasmodial activities of the two extracts were duration and dose- dependent. Stem bark extract showed higher curative potential with inhibition rate of 56.71% at 400 mg/kg whereas, leaf extract was efficient at 600mg/kg with 52.15% inhibition rate. Stem bark extract at 400 mg/kg improved the enzymatic activities of the mice; it lowered serum ALT (6.88±4.42) and increased liver ALT (41.07±5.56). Similarly, 400 mg/kg leaf extract showed highest AST (70.65±4.00) and ALT (44.65±7.83) activities in the kidney and liver respectively. Analysis of genotoxicity revealed that micronucleus and abnormal (binucleated, notched and blebbed) were prevalent among the experimental mice which increased significantly (p<0.05) at all concentrations except at 600mg/kg leaf extract. Therefore, this present study indicates that both leaf and stem bark extracts of A. boonei possess anti-plasmodial activity and are less genotoxic when compared with standard drug.Item Genetic Damage, Biochemical and Histopathological Assessment of Mice Exposed to Cypermethrin and Chlorpyrifos(Centrepoint Journal (Science Edition), Published by University of Ilorin., 2019-03-25) Iyiola, O.A; Sulaiman, F.A; Anifowoshe, A.T; Abubakar, F.A; Akolade, J.OChlorpyrifos (CPF) and Cypermethrin (CPM) are insecticides widely used in agriculture because of their effectiveness against harmful insects but their toxicity to human is of major concern. This study investigated genotoxic effect of CPF and CPM on some selected organs and tissues of albino mice. Nine (9) male mice were randomly grouped into three and were administered orally with CPF and CPM for five consecutive days and thereafter observed for 30 days. Control group was administered with 0.05ml of distilled water. CPM group was administered with 0.08ml of CPM while CPF group was administered with 0.05ml of CPF. Our results showed that there was a significant increase (p>0.05) in both ALT and AST activity in the serum and liver of both CPF and CPM groups. There was also high concentration of urea, total bilirubin in the serum of both CPF and CPM groups as well as high concentration of glucose in the brain of CPM group. There was no significant increase in the concentration of albumin in the liver of CPF and CPM. Reduction in ALP activity of the liver of both CPF and CPM groups were observed. Cypermethrin induced an increase in abnormal sperm cell shape and shows significant difference when compared to chlopyrifos and negative control. The biochemical alterations observed is consistent with histopathological changes characterized by the appearance of degenerative necrosis, congestion, inflammation and oedema in the liver and kidney of CPM and CPF groups. This study shows that these pesticides are potentially genotoxic to animals and are capable of inducing DNA damage.