Browsing by Author "Anifowoshe, Abass Toba"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Item
    Cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos raises serum urea level and causes abnormal sperm morphology in Wistar rats
    (Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 2019) Iyiola, Oluyinka Ajobola; Sulaiman, A.F; Sulaiman, Abdulfattah Afolabi; Anifowoshe, Abass Toba; Akolade, Jubril Olayinka; Adisa, Muhammad Jamiu; Otohinoyi, D.A; Rotimi, Damilare E.; Batiha, Gaber El-Saber; Maimako, Rotdelmwa Filibus; Adeyemi, O.S
    Chlorpyrifos (organophosphate) and cypermethrin (pyrethroid) are insecticides, which are widely used for agricultural as well as for domestic purposes. This study investigated the toxicological effect of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin on selected organs and tissues of male Wistar rats. Nine (9) male Wistar rats were randomly grouped into three and were orally given chlorpyrifos or cypermethrin, while the control group was given distilled water for 28 days. The results revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) in rat serum AST activity for the chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin groups. Also, there was significant elevation in serum urea following oral exposure to either chlorpyrifos or cypermethrin. Conversely, a reduction in the rat liver ALP activity for treatment with cypermethrin or chlorpyrifos was recorded. The histology results revealed that the administration of chlorpyrifos but not cypermethrin for 28 days has no significant effect on the biochemical properties and sperm morphology of the rats. Taken together, findings indicate that cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos exposure in rats predisposes to renal injury, while altering sperm morphology.
  • Item
    Genotoxicity and Ecotoxicological Effects of Cassava Effluent in Swiss Albino Male Mice Using the Sperm Morphology and Peripheral Blood Micronucleus Assays
    (2020) Anifowoshe, Abass Toba; Iyiola, Oluyinka Ajibola; Olafimihan, Temitope Fatima; Olaoti, Nafisat Bunmi; Akinseye, Kehinde Monica; Abdulkareem, Adam Olaitan; Oladipo, Segun Olayinka
    Cassava is a very important staple food in most developing countries but effluents generated during its processing are not usually disposed properly, thus, contributing significantly to environmental pollution. Several reports have demonstrated the acutely toxic and genotoxic effects of cassava effluent in microbial organisms, plants and aquatic animals, the effects of pollutants present in these effluents have not been clarified yet in terrestrial animals. The study aimed to evaluate the haematological, histopathological and genotoxic potential of cassava effluents from Olorun-Sogo cassava mill in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, on the male germ and somatic cells of Swiss albino mice using sperm morphology and micronucleus assays. Cassava effluent dilutions of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% were administered by intraperitoneal injection to mice, totalizing 0.5mL for 5 consecutive days and a 5 week exposure period was considered. The effluent induced a concentration – dependent statistically significant increase (p< 0.05) in the micronucleus and number of sperm with abnormal morphology at all concentrations as well as diverse histopathological changes in the testes. Haematological parameters were not significantly affected (p>0.05). The liver shows slightly distorted architecture while the kidney shows slight distortion in the renal corpuscles and the surrounding parenchyma. Alterations in alveolar space were observed in the lung while the spleen revealed a slight distortion in it tissue. The physico-chemical analysis also revealed the presence of significant amounts of cyanide and heavy metals (lead, iron, cadmium and silver). The present findings are relevant in environmental waste management and assessment of the hazardous effects of cassava effluents.