Browsing by Author "Aminu Imam,"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Item
    Craniofacial genetics as a differential identification tool: analysis of a subset of Yoruba-speaking population in Nigeria
    (Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 2025) Suwebat Bidemi Kareem,; Olugbenga Akinola,; Oluyinka Ajibola Iyiola,; Misturah Yetunde Adana,; Ade Stephen Alabi,; Aminu Imam,; Moyosore Salihu Ajao,
    Background Population-dependent genetics and normal-range variations in facial morphology have been reported across several populations, but there is paucity of literature on the African population. The study was designed to evaluate the potentials of craniofacial genetics as a differential identification tool amongst the Yoruba-Ethnic nationality in Nigeria. An anthropometric study of two thousand one hundred and nine (2109) randomly selected individuals (age 15–29 years) was conducted. The personal information of participants was obtained using semi-structured, self-administered questionnaires, while craniofacial parameters were measured from facial photographs with Digimizer software. DNA was isolated from buccal swabs samples obtained from three hundred participants (300) after careful stratifications to match the chosen ethic group. Segments of two craniofacial-associated genetic markers (PAX3 and BMP4 genes) were amplified from participant’s DNA samples using polymerase chain reaction technique. The amplified gene segments were purified, sequenced, and aligned with the reference sequences from the NCBI database. Results A total of 45 samples were observed with synonymous and non-synonymous changes across the 2 genes. These genetic changes were not significantly associated with craniofacial differences in the study population. However, two participants, one each for PAX3 and BMP4, displayed higher polymorphisms that were associated with values of different craniofacial linear parameters {Nasal width (al–al), Nasal height (n-sn), Morphological facial height (n-gn), Bizygomatic distance (zy–zy), Interendocanthal width (en–en), Ear width (t-pa), Ear height (sa-sba), Mandible height (sto-gn), Mouth width (ch–ch), Vermillion height (ls-sto), Eye fissure width@ R(en-ex)}, different from the general population not statistically significant. Conclusion The slight differences in craniofacial parameter measurements in two individuals, with novel polymorphisms (SNPs) loci in PAX3 and BMP4 provides insights to baseline data for validation of cranio-genetic markers that may be useful in the population under study
  • Item
    Facial Index Among Adolescents and Young Adults of Yoruba Ethnic Groups in Nigeria
    (Turkish Journal of Health Science and Life, 2025-08-30) Suwebat B. Kareem,; Ade S Alabi,; O. Akinola,; Aminu Imam,; A. Ibrahim,; K.B. Okesina; Gabriel O. Omotoso,; Moyosore S Ajao
    Facial differences in facial dimension exist in different populations, forming an important source of ethnical and/or racial identification. This study established the baseline measurements of facial anthropometric parameters and facial index of 2,109 unrelated male and female individuals from the Yoruba ethnic population, aged 15–29 years, using a photographic procedure. To annotate the landmarks, digimizer software was used, and 2 linear distances were measured, and a facial index was calculated. Our results on facial index (FI) showed that the commonest type of facial shape among Yoruba males (98.0%) and females (97.9%) was hyperleptoproscopic, and the same is observed across age groups. Also, correlation statistics reveled a weak and significant positive correlation between facial index and biometric parameters such as weight, age, and height, but a weak and significant negative correlation with the BMI. The study concluded that the majority of adolescents and young adults of Yoruba ethnic groups in Nigeria have hyperleptoproscopic (very long) faces, with males having longer faces than females. Clinicians, plastic surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, and geneticists can use the information from this study to diagnose and treat craniofacial abnormalities
  • Item
    Morphometric Analysis of Mandibular Foramina in Adult Nigerian Mandible
    (Era’s Journal of Medical Research, 2025-08-29) Suwebat Bidemi Kareem,; Ajiboye Adefikayo Adebisi,; Olugbenga Olawale Eweoya,; Aminu Imam,; Misturah Yetunde Adana,; Moyosore Salihu Ajao
    Background and Objective: The mental neurovascular bundle emerges at the mandibular foramina (MF) a significant anatomical landmark on the anterolateral part of the jaw. Its morphological features, and precise location have important clinical implications for dental anesthesia, implant placement, and surgical procedures of the lower jaw. Population-dependent variations in the MF characteristics, however, are very common, and studies on Nigerian mandibles have been remarkably sparse. The present study was undertaken to provide crude morphometric data on the incidence, location, size, and accessory foramina of the MF in a Nigerian sample population. Materials and Methods: The study entailed the analysis of sixty adult human mandibles (36 males and 24 females) stored in the Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin. All specimens were complete and free of any deformity. Measurements were collected using a calibrated Vernier caliper, in a nominally modified version of the method of Alma et al. The positional relationship with the adjacent teeth was considered, and the occurrence of accessory mental foramina (AMF) was noted. Data were statistically processed using SPSS version 21.0, and it facilitated the generation of descriptive statistics. Results: Bilateral MF were found in all mandibles studied. Circular patterns were more common than oval ones, appearing in 58.33% of cases on the left and 66.67% of cases on the right. With 48.33% on the right and 58.33% on the left, the foramen was most frequently observed in connection with the second premolar tooth. On average, the transverse size was 4.19 ± 1.18 mm on the left and 3.98 ± 1.17 mm on the right, while the vertical dimension was 3.06 ± 0.80 mm on the right and 3.19 ± 0.92 mm on the left. 8.33% of the left sides, and 11.67% of the right sides had accessory foramina. Conclusion: The present findings support that the MF in Nigerian mandibles is predominantly circular and most frequently found at the level of the second premolar. The presence of accessory foramina in some specimens highlights the necessity for careful preoperative evaluation. These anatomical structures are not only important for dental, and maxillofacial surgeons, but also carry immense anthropological and forensic significance. KEYWORDS: Accessory foramina, Mandible, morphometry, Premolar region, Nigerian population. Era’s Journal of Medical Research. 12(2);2025 [doi: 10.24041/ejmr.2025.17]
  • Item
    Protective Effect of Nigella Sativa (Black Caraway) Oil on Oral Dichlorvos Induced Hematological, Renal and Nonspecific Immune System Toxicity in Wistar Rats
    (Arak University of Medical Sciences and Iranian Society of Toxicology, 2017-12) Moyosore Salihu Ajao,; Adebayo Babatunde Sansa,; Aminu Imam,; Abdulmumin Ibrahim,; Misturat Yetunde Adana,; Abdulmusawwir Alli-Oluwafuyi,; Suwebat Bidemi Kareem
    Background: Exposure to environmental toxins such as organophosphates poses a great threat to the health of the public. In this work, we investigated the effects of continuous exposure to dichlorvos (DDVP) on kidney function and hematological parameters, and the possible antidote activity of Nigella sativa oil (NSO).Methods: This research was conducted in 2016, at The Animal Holding and Research Laboratory of Faculty Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, six rats each. The four groups received: 1. phosphate buffer solution as controls, 2. DDVP, 3. DDVP+NSO and 4. NSO alone. After 2 wk of treatment, blood samples were collected and hematological profile (RBC, Hb), erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC, and Plt), renal function parameters (albumin, urea, total protein, chloride, sodium, and potassium ions) and nonspecific immune response (WBC) were measured. Results: Rat exposed to DDVP showed red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, albumin, and total protein levels was reduced from control, while white blood cell count and urea significantly increased as compared to controls, the change in K+ level was not significant. NSO maintained optimal levels of red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, albumin, white blood cell count, and urea, indicative of its protective effect against hemo-, immuno- and nephrotoxicity of DDVP.Conclusion: N. sativa (Black Caraway) oil might be a potential antidote in hematotoxicity, immunosuppression and renal dysfunction in organophosphate poisoning, especially dichlorvos. The protective effect of NSO against dichlorvos toxicity can be attributed to its antioxidant capacity.