Browsing by Author "Amin, A."

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    Assessment of the Effectiveness of Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) under President Muhammadu Buhari’s Administration in Nigeria from 2015 to 2017
    (Published by Department of Management Science, IBB University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria., 2019) Biliamin, Y.A.; Raji, S.A.; Abdulrauf, A.; Amin, A.; Rasheed, A.; Ayishat, A.G.; Muinat, A.A.; Bunmi, A.
    Abstract One of the major challenges of governance in Nigeria is corruption especially in the public realm. In response to this challenge, the Federal Government established the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) to combat corruption and promote transparency and accountability in governance. In spite of the establishment of EFCC, the fight against corruption seems not to have achieved the desired result in view of the rising incidence of corruption as indicated by Transparency International’s negative Corruption Perception Index on Nigeria. The major objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of EFCC under the Muhammadu Buhari Administration in Nigeria from 2015 till date. Specifically, the study intended to; examine the impact of Buhari’s anti corruption crusade on socio -economic and political development, determine the degree of autonomy of the EFCC and to ascertain the level of effectiveness of the EFCC. Both primary and secondary data were sourced using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 20). Findings from the study which relied on both primary and secondary data revealed that the activities of the EFCC were severely constrained by undue political interference. The institution was not adequately funded with feeble financial autonomy. The corruption reporting system in the federal public service was found to be more effective under Buhari Administration. The study concluded that the degree of autonomy of the EFCC under the administration is weak while its level of activities is more noticeable in the public glare in the Buhari regime than other regimes because the regime identified the fight against corruption as a key governance agenda. The study recommended among others, the exercise of greater political will to free the EFCC from political interference with adequate funding and greater financial autonomy for the institution. Key words: Anti-Corruption Crusade, Corruption, Administration, Effectiveness
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    Dichlorvos Induced AChE Inhibition in Discrete Brain Regions and the Neuro-Cognitive Implications: Ameliorative Effect of Nigella Sativa.
    (Arak University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with the Iranian Society of Toxicology., 2017) Imam, A.; Adeboye, M. A. N.; Abdulmajeed, W. I.; Alli-Oluwafuyi, A.; Amin, A.; Ibrahim, A.; Gwadabe, S.; Poopola, N. A.
    Background: There has been a rise in accidental poisoning cases resulting from the indiscriminate use and exposure to Dichlorvos (DDVP), especially in developing countries, and no antidote with satisfactory efficacy is currently available. Thus, we investigated the AChE reactivation potential of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) following DDVP induced AChE inhibition patterns in the brain and the associated cognitive implications. Methods: Fourty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 each.; The controls were administered PBS (1 ml/kg); DDVP (8.8 mg/kg) was given to the experimental group I; while DDVP+NSO (8.8 mg/kg + 1 ml/kg) and NSO (1 ml/kg) was administered orally to the experimental groups II and III respectively. All treatments lasted for 14 consecutive days. Morris Water Maze (MWM) paradigm was used to assess the working memory, then rats were euthanized, the brain excised, three brains were fixed for histological examination (Nissl staining), and the other seven brains were homogenized for AChE activity and Ca2+ concentrations. Data were analyzed statistically, using ANOVA method and P values of ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: In this study, DDVP differentially inhibited AChE activities in various brain regions: cerebellum (86.1%), hippocampus (40.6%), frontal cortex (33.2%), medulla (21.5%), spinal cord (14.8%), and occipital cortex (8.9%). It reduced Ca2+ concentration, but had no effect on the delayed escape latency in the MWM, nor impaired the neuroarchitectures. NSO caused increased AChE activities, Ca2+ concentration and reduced escape latency, and improved histologic architectures. Conclusion: We concluded that NSO reactivated DDVP-induced AChE inhibition and improved memory indices, thus, it may serve as a potential treatment in the management of DDVP poisoning cases.
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    Exposure to varied cage-size habitats alters pain sensitivity and inflammation-related biomarkers.
    (Elsevier, 2020) Oyewole, A. L.; Oyafemi, K. O.; Badmus, K. S. J. O.; Omoleye, K. S.; Abubakar, M. F.; Adeniyi-Raheem, O.; Amedu, A.; Lawal, D. L.; Ijiyode, A. O.; Yussuf, A. O.; Ishola, S. S.; Sulaimon, F. A.; Alli-Oluwafuyi, A.O.; Nafiu, A.B.; Akinola, O.; Olajide, O.J.; Amin, A.; Abdulmajeed, W.I.; Michael, O.S.; Adeyanju, O.A.; Ogunjimi, G.L.
    Background: Nature and size of rodent cages vary from one laboratory or country to another. Little is however known about the physiological implications of exposure to diverse cage sizes in animal-based experiments. Method: Here, two groups of male Swiss mice (Control group – Cage stationed, and Test group – Cage migrated) were used for this study. The cage-migrated mice were exposed daily to various cage sizes used across labora tories in Nigeria while the cage-stationed mice exposed daily to different but the same cage size and shape. At the end of the 30 days exposure, top-rated paradigms were used to profile changes in physiological behaviours, and this was followed by evaluation of histological and biochemical metrics. Results: The study showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose levels (at 60 and 120 min of oral glucose tolerance test) in the cage-migrated mice compared to cage-stationed mice. Strikingly, peripheral oxi dative stress (plasma malondialdehyde) and pain sensitivity (formalin test, hot-and-cold plate test, and von Frey test) decreased significantly in cage-migrated mice compared to cage-stationed animals. Also, the pro-in flammation mediators (IL-6 and NF-κB) increased significantly in cage-migrated mice compared to cage-sta tioned mice. However, emotion-linked behaviours, neurotransmitters (serotonin, noradrenaline and GABA), brain and plasma electrolytes were not significantly difference in cage-migrated animals compared to cage stationed mice. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that varied size cage-to-cage exposure of experimental mice could affect targeted behavioural and biomolecular parameters of pain and inflammation, thus diminishing research reproducibility, precipitating false negative/positive results and leading to poor translational outcomes.
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    Public Policy on Waste Management in Kwara State: Implications for Environmental Security
    (Published by Department of Public Administration, University of Ilorin., 2023) Amin, A.; Raji, S.; Salawu, B
    The paper examined the impact and challenges of public policy on waste management for environmental security in Kwara State. Despite the efforts of these two regulatory bodies to guarantee the correct disposal of waste in Kwara State, The State is severely plagued by waste mismanagement, with several regions being noted for the incorrect dumping of trash in egregiously unsuitable locations including the center of roadways and unlicensed disposal facilities. This negative practice is prevalent in parts of Kwara State including Ilorin in Oja-Oba, Oja-Tuntun, Mandate Market, Dada, Sango, Pakata, Aluko, Gambari and Taiwo areas The study adopted Risk Society theory. The population of the study was 3,259,613 and sample size was 400. Out 400 questionnaires distributed, 361 were retrieved and analyzed. The majority of respondents revealed that public policies on waste management support the officer's efforts to instill fear in the hearts of fraudsters. Additionally, the majority of respondents said that staff operations are simplified by waste management regulations. It is also revealed that financial handicaps and insecurity are the challenges to the proper implementation of waste management in Kwara State. The paper recommends that the State Ministry of Environment and Forestry should deploy more environmental personnel to the State Environmental Protection Agency. The State Government should pour more capital into the agency. Environmentalists must be given security as soon as possible so that they can carry out their duties effectively. To sanction the offenders of environmental sanitation, environmental laws should be strengthened throughout the State. Keywords: Environment, Management, Policy, Waste