Browsing by Author "Ambali, S.F."

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    Comparism of antimicrobial and wound healing properties of Albizia chevalieri and Commiphora kerstingii in rabbit
    (Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association, 2018-10) Olusanmi, F.T.; Adeyaju, J.B.; Fadason, S.T.; Awasum, C.A.; Ambali, S.F.; Abidoye, E.O.; Abdulrahman, M.; Baba, A.A.; Daodu, O.B.
    Wound treatment and wound healing have often been made difficult and complicated by the presence of infective microbial particles. The aim of this study was to investigate the wound healing and antimicrobial activities of methanol leaf extracts of the plants Albizia chevalieri and Commiphora kerstingii. Extraction of the dried pounded plants was done using methanol as solvent in Soxhlet apparatus (Quick fit, England). Preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant extracts was carried out using standard methods. Twelve rabbits of both sexes were divided into four groups (A, B, C, and D) each consisting of three rabbits. Bilateral full thickness excision wounds measuring 2cm x 1cm were surgically induced on the dorsum (lumbar region) of each rabbit. Rabbits in the group A were treated with the vehicle petroleum jelly (Unilever PLC) (Negative control), while those in group B were treated with 2%w/w penicillin ointment (positive control). Rabbits in groups C and D were treated with the extracts of A. chevalieri (1g/10g petroleum jelly (AC) and C. kerstingii extract (1g/10g petroleum jelly (CK) respectively. The wounds were treated every 48 hours for three weeks and evaluated for exudation in terms of rate and nature, wound contraction and epithelization. The antimicrobial activities of the methanol leaf extracts of the plats were determined against S. aureus (Gram positive organism) and E. coli (Gam negative organism) using agar gel diffusion methods. The extracts of A. chevalieri and C. kerstingii contain the following metabolites: flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, triterpenes and carbohydrates. The results showed a consistent decline in bacterial colony count in all the groups irrespective of the treatment formulation used. Exudation decreased drastically with treatment in Groups C and D, while animals in groups A and B showed moderate production of exudate up till the 7th day of treatment which gradually declined between the 19th and 13th day. Wounds of animals in Group C showed faster rate of wound contraction, decreased epithelization period and increased healthy granulation tissue formation. This was followed by wounds of animals in group B, wounds of animals in group D and lastly wounds of animal in Group A. No antimicrobial effect was shown by wounds of Group A against any of the tested microorganisms. The 2% w/w penicillin ointment showed remarkable activity against the Gram-positive S. aureus (28mm) and Gram-negative E. coli (26 mm). A. chevalieri extract exhibited tremendous activity against the Gram-positive S. aureus (30 mm) but no effect against Gram negative E. coli, while C. kerstingii extract showed remarkable activity against the Gram-negative E. coli (24 mm) but no effect against Gram-positive S. aureus. The result of this study showed that methanol leaf extract of the plant A. chevalieri was more effective, followed by methanol leaf extract of C. kerstingii and the influence on wound healing was to a large extent comparable to 2% w/w penicillin ointment with no adverse reactions.
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    Oxidative stress involvement in chronic chlorpyrifos -induced hepatocellular injury: Alleviating effect of vitamin C
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, 2018) Ambali, S.F.; Shittu, M; Akorede, G.J; Olatunji, A; Aremu, A; Ibrahim, N.D.G.; Ramon-Yusuf, S.B.
    Introduction: Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a phosphorothionate chlorinated organophosphate (OP) insecticide is widely used in agriculture and public health. Like other OP insecticides, its main mechanism of toxicity is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) leading to cholinergic syndrome. Since toxicity occurs at doses that do not inhibit AChE or long after its restoration, other mechanisms including the induction of oxidative stress have been widely implicated. The present study was aimed at evaluating the mitigating effect of vitamin C on CPF-induced hepatocellular injury in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of five animals in each group. The four groups were exposed by gavage to soya oil (2 ml/kg), vitamin C (100 mg/kg), CPF (10.6 mg/kg~1/8th LD50) and vitamin C (100 mg/kg) + CPF (10.6 mg/kg; 30 min later), respectively for 17 weeks. The sera obtained from blood samples collected from the animals were analysed for the levels of total proteins, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), -glutamyl transferase (GGT) while globulin concentration and albumin/globulin ratio were calculated. The liver homogenate was evaluated for the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and histological changes. Results: The study showed that CPF altered the levels of the serum hepatic enzymes, hepatic MDA SOD and CAT, in addition to inducing hepatocellular degeneration. All these parameters were alleviated by pretreatment with vitamin C. Significance: CPF-induced hepatocellular injury which was partly due to oxidative changes was mitigated by vitamin C partly due to its antioxidative activity.