Browsing by Author "Akinola, O.B."

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    Antimalarial Activity of Cocos nucifera Husk fibre: Further Studies
    (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2013) Adebayo, J.O.; Balogun, E.A.; Malomo, S.O.; Soladoye, A.O; Olatunji, L.A.; Kolawole, O.M.; Oguntoye, O.S.; Babatunde, A.S.; Akinola, O.B.; Aguiar, A.C.C; Andrade, I.M.; Souza, N.B.; Krettli, A.U.
    Abstract In this study, the antimalarial and toxicity potentials of husk fibre extracts of five Nigerian varieties of Cocos nucifera were evaluated in vitro. The only active extract fraction, West African Tall (WAT) ethyl acetate extract fraction, was then evaluated for its phytochemical constituents, antimalarial and toxicity potentials at varying doses (31.25–500 mg/kg body weight) using various organ function indices. The results revealed that WAT ethyl acetate extract fraction (WATEAEF) contained alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids and was active against Plasmodium falciparum W2 strain maintained in continuous culture, with a selectivity index of 30.3. The same extract fraction was active in vivo against Plasmodium berghei NK65, causing more than 50% reduction in parasitaemia on days 4 and 6 after inoculation at various doses administered. WATEAEF did not significantly alter ( ) function indices of the liver and cardiovascular system at all doses administered but significantly increased ( ) plasma creatinine concentration at 250 and 500 mg/Kg body weight compared to controls. The results of this study suggest that WATEAEF possesses antimalarial activity and may not adversely affect normal liver function nor predispose subjects to cardiovascular diseases but may impair normal kidney function at higher doses. Further studies are underway to isolate the active principles.
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    Evaluation of Antimalarial and Toxicity Potentials of Methanolic fraction of cocos nucifera (West African Tall variety) husk fibre extract in animal models
    (Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria, 2013-03) Ugbomoiko, U.S.; Awoniyi, M.A.; Balogun, E.A.; Malomo, S.O.; Soladoye, A.O.; Adebayo, J.O.; Kolawole, O.M.; Oguntoye, O.S.; Olatunji, L.A.; Babatunde, A.S.; Akinola, O.B.
    The antimalarial and toxicity potentials of the methanolic fraction of Cocos nucifera (West African tall variety) husk fibre extract were investigated using animal models. For the 4-day suppressive antimalarial test, thirty Plasmodium berghei NK65-infected mice were randomly divided into six groups (A-F) with five mice each. Mice in group A (control) received orally appropriate volume of distilled water while those in group B were orally administered chloroquine (20 mg/Kg body weight) for three days post-inoculation. Mice in groups C-F were orally administered 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/Kg body weight of the extract fraction for three days post-inoculation. For toxicological studies, twenty albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (G-J) with five rats each. Rats in group G (control) were orally administered appropriate volume of distilled water while those in groups H-J were orally administered 25, 50 and 100 mg/Kg body weight of the extract fraction respectively for fourteen days. At the end of the experimental period, venous blood was collected and selected tissues isolated and homogenized. The full blood count and activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase in the tissues were determined. The results revealed that the methanolic fraction of C. nucifera (West African Tall variety) husk fibre extract does not possess any antimalarial activity. The extract, at all doses administered, had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the red blood cell indices, white blood cell indices and the activities of all the enzymes in the liver, kidney, heart and brain compared to controls. The results thus suggest that the methanolic fraction of the husk fibre extract may not be responsible for the acclaimed antimalarial action of C. nucifera (West African Tall variety) husk fibre, though it may not aggravate the severity of the disease.
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    In vivo Antimalarial Activity and toxicological effects of methanolic extract of Cocos nucifera (Dwarf Red Variety) husk fibre
    (Shanghai Association of Integrative Medicine, China, 2014) Balogun, E.A.; Malomo, S.O.; Adebayo, J.O.; Ishola, A.A.; Soladoye, A.O.; Kolawole, O.M.; Oguntoye, O.S.; Babatunde, A.S.; Akinola, O.B.
    Abstract Phytochemical constituents as well as antimalarial and toxicity potentials of the methanolic extract of the husk fibre of Dwarf Red variety of Cocos nucifera were evaluated in this study.The dried powdered husk fibre was exhaustively extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol successively and the methanolic extract was screened for flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, triterpenes, phlobatannins, anthraquinones and glycosides. A 4-day suppressive antimalarial test was carried out using Plasmodium berghei NK65-infected mice, to which the extract was administered at doses of 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (BW). Toxicity of the extract was evaluated in rats using selected hematological parameters and organ function indices after orally administering doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg BW for 14 d.Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenolics, saponins, glycosides, steroids and anthraquinones in the extract. Moreover, the extract reduced parasitemia by 39.2% and 45.8% at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg BW respectively on day 8 post-inoculation. Various hematological parameters evaluated were not significantly altered (P>0.05) at all doses of the extract, except red blood cell count which was significantly elevated (P<0.05) at 100 mg/kg BW. The extract significantly increased (P<0.05) urea, creatinine, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and bilirubin concentrations in the serum as well as atherogenic index, while it reduced albumin concentration significantly (P<0.05) at higher doses compared to the controls. Alanine aminotransferase activity was reduced in the liver and heart significantly (P<0.05) but was increased in the serum significantly (P<0.05) at higher doses of the extract compared to the controls.The results suggest that methanolic extract of the Dwarf red variety has partial antimalarial activity at higher doses, but is capable of impairing normal kidney and liver function as well as predisposing subjects to cardiovascular diseases.
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    In-vivo Antimalarial Activity and toxicological effects of methanolic extract of Cocos nucifera (Dwarf Red Variety) husk fibre
    (2014) Balogun, E. A; Malomo, S.O; Adebayo, J.O; Ishola, A.A; Soladoye, A.O; Babatunde, A.S.; Akinola, O.B.
    We performed a single center retrospective analysis of 84 autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplants done for AML to characterize the pattern of hemopoietic engraftment, post-transplant cytopenia and their impact on survival outcome. Following autologous transplant and engraftment, 30 patients (35.7%) had a transient secondary decline in their plt counts, which was not associated with graft rejection, relapse or infection. The median time to onset of thrombocytopenia was 59 days post transplant, with spontaneous recovery after a median period of 41 days. A secondary decline in ANC also occurred in eight patients. Patients with secondary plt decline had a significantly earlier primary plt engraftment (median 15 days) and a trend towards earlier neutrophil engraftment compared with patients who maintained steady plt counts (median 21 days). There was a trend towards a lower incidence of secondary plt decline in patients who received BM stem cells compared with those who received PBSC. No cause was evident for the occurrence of a secondary cytopenia, and it did not adversely affect survival. We conclude that secondary cytopenia is a common and harmless occurrence after autologous transplant especially from PBSC graft. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2009) 44, 175–183; doi:10.1038/bmt.2009.1; published online 9 February 2009 Keywords: acute myeloid leukemia; autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplant; engraftment kinetics; secondary platelet decline; secondary cytopenia Introduction AML refers to a group of clonal hemopoietic stem cell disorders, which are characterized by failure of differentiation and excessive proliferation of the stem cells leading to accumulation of non-functional immature myeloblasts, both in peripheral blood and BM. Anthracycline-based chemotherapeutic regimens, which are conventionally given for induction of remission, are known to produce CR in about 60–80% of patients.1–3 However, despite the initial good response by the myeloblasts to these agents, they are usually associated with a high rate of resistance and relapse, and it has been reported that majority of AML patients who achieve CR following induction will relapse within 12–24 months, and only about 7–34% will be alive and disease free by 5 years after diagnosis.4–6 Autologous hemopoietic SCT (AHSCT) has therefore been used in AML either as a component of consolidation following the initial CR or as part of salvage therapy for patients in second remission to improve the poor prognosis associated with chemotherapy alone.7–9 AHSCT has also been used for AML patients who do not immediately have matched allogeneic donors and in elderly patients who are above 60 years of age.10 The pattern of engraftment and hemopoietic recovery following