Browsing by Author "Akakuru, O. C."
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Item Geotechnical Evaluation of Lateritic Soil in Baba-Ode Area, Ilorin, North – Central Nigeria(Published by Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, 2019) Obaro, R. I.; Odediran, O. A.; Iheme, K. O.; Akakuru, O. C.; Gbadebo, A. F.This study was carried out on lateritic soil at Baba-ode,North-central Nigeria with aim of denoting the geotechnical properties of lateritic soil and its suitability as construction materials. Two disturbed lateritic soil samples (sample A and B) were selected for the various laboratory techniques. The grain size analyses, the specific gravity tests, the atterberg limit tests, compaction, California bearing ratio and shear box tests were carried out on the samples. The grain size analysis shows that sample A is gravelly silt – clayey sand while sample B is silt – clayey gravel composition. Atterberg consistency limit test indicate that sample A has 30.0%, liquid limit 19.5% plastic limit, 10.5% plasticity index, 9.1% shrinkage limit while sample B has liquid limit of 27.0%, 16.2% plastic limit, 10.8% plasticity index and 7.4% shrinkage limit. The soil samples are above the activity (A) line in the zone of intermediate plasticity (CL) which suggests that they are inorganic soils. The samples contain inactive clay indicating little or no swelling tendency and therefore good for construction materials and this would prevent foundation failures. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values are 2 – 3% (mean = 2.75%) and 2 - 4% (mean = 2.75%) in sample A and sample B respectively. This implies they are good as subgrade construction materials. The compaction tests for the optimum water content for sample A is 15.0% and 13.0% for standard and modified proctor respectively. The standard and modified proctor for sample B is 15.2% and 14.0% respectively. The compaction tests for Sample A indicate a higher fine fraction and thus a higher optimum moisture content while sample B has higher coarse fraction with lower optimum moisture content. The cohesion falls within 70-90Kpa (mean = 80Kpa) and the internal friction ranges from 250 - 310 with mean of 290. The results obtained from geotechnical analysis suggest that the soil have high bearing capacity, hence, it can be used as construction materials in engineering works. The soil could also support shallow foundation, dam construction, embankments, slope stability and subgrade materials in road constructions.Item HYDRO-GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES WITHIN ABAKALIKI, LOWER BENUE TROUGH, NIGERIA.(Published by Faculty of Physical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State, Nigeria., 2022) Usman, A. O.; Iheme, K.O.; Chinwuko, A.I.; Azuoko, G.B.; Akakuru, O. C.Hydro-geophysical investigation of groundwater resources within Abakaliki, lower Benue Trough was evaluated with the view of determining the groundwater potentials and the aquifer variation in the area. Eight (8) vertical electrical soundings (VES) were carried out using ABEM 4000 SAS Terrameter. Two (2) VES were conducted around area that has existing borehole to enable us check the efficacy of the method. VES data was analyzed and processed using the computer iteration techniques using 1D interpex software. The modeled interpretation from the analysis shows five to six geo-electric layers. The shape of the geoelectric curves in a particular location of the surveyed area depicts characteristics of the subsurface geologic layers. The fractured shale serves as the geologic material that can contain and discharge water. Result reveals that the depth to water table in the study area varies between 11m and 21m and the aquifer thickness is highest in the eastern part of the surveyed area with a thickness value of 7.6meter. The depth to watertable is deepest around staff quarter axis of Onu Ebonyi. Results also reveal a little variation in hydraulic conductivity which ranged between 0.03m/day and 0.19m/day. The wide range of variation in the transmissivity values of the study area could be attributed to the difference to the depth to the fractured shale in the study area and aquifer systems. This area has transmissivity values ranging from 0.0311m2/day to 1.056 m2/day. The result correlates well with the borehole history from the study area.Item Hydrogeochemical evolution, water quality indices, irrigation suitability and pollution index of groundwater (PIG) around eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria(Published by International Journal of Energy and Water Resources., 2022) Akakuru, O. C.; Eze, C.U.; Okeke, O. C.; Opara, A.I.; Usman, A.O.; Iheme, K.O.; Ibeneme, S.I.; Iwuoha, P.O.The study was done to assess groundwater for different uses. Groundwater samples were collected from 17 locations and analyzed for physicochemical attributes. Hydrogeochemical data identified three significant Principal Components; PC1, 53.8% loadings, PC2, 46.2% loadings, PC3, 30.8% positive loadings. Correlation matrix analysis observed strong correlations in the majority of the parameters. Contamination Factor results reveal that HCO3, NO3, Na, Ca, and Mg had relatively low concentration < 1; Fe had a mean concentration of 1.18 (moderate contamination), while SO4, and Cl, had mean concentrations of 6.43 and 9.41, respectively. PLI result reveals that the samples had values less than 1. WQI result revealed that 11.7% of the samples are excellent, 82.4% of the water is of good quality, 5.9% are of poor quality. PIG result shows insignificant pollution of groundwater. The hydrogeochemical evolution shows Ca + Mg and Cl are the dominant ionic species in the cation and anion areas, respectively; and they are within the geochemical zone of 6 (calcium chloride water type) with a trend of Cl > SO4 > Ca > Mg > HCO3 > Na + K. From the Gibbs plot, rock-dominance zone is dominant in the groundwater samples. The suitability for irrigation analysis reveals that SAR, %NA, KR, and SSP in the entire study area are 100% suitable and fit for irrigation purposes, while MH had 88.2% of the sample as good and 11.8% as unsafe. The Wilcox plot shows that 70.6% of the entire sample belong to the excellent category whereas, 29.4% are of good to permissible category. Normal observing Normal observing of groundwater in the review region is of major significance.