Browsing by Author "Ajibola, M. I."

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    Hippocampal-dependent spatial memory and histoarchitectural integrities of the CA regions of Wistar rats following administration of Rauwolfia vomitoria and chlorpromazine
    (Neuroscience Society of Nigeria, 2015) Adana, M. Y.; Imam, A.; Ajibola, M. I.; Abdulmumin, I.; Amin, A. B.; Ibrahim, A.; Olawepo, A.; Imam, A. W.
    Psychotic patients demonstrate poor spatial memory, ascribed to impaired hippocampal functions, and bodies of evidences have attributed cognitive impairments to the poor functional outcomes in psychosis management. The efficacy of chlorpromazine and Rauwolfia vomitoria on spatial memory performance and differential histoarchitecture of the hippocampi of adult Wistar rats was examined in this study. Twenty five adult male Wistar rats weighing between 200 - 230 g were randomly grouped to five (Nor mal, low and high dose chlorpromazine and low and high dose R. vomitoria) of five animals each. 2 ml of normal saline was given to Control animals daily, 5mg/kg of chlorpromazine was given as low dose, 10 mg/kg of chlorpromazine was given as moderate dose, 150 mg/kg of R. vomitoria was given as low dose and 300 mg/kg of R. vomitoria was given as high dose orally. All the medications were given daily for 21 days. A Y-maze apparatus was used to assess the spatial memory performance in the rats at days 14 and 21 of the experiment. All the animals were euthanized using 20 mg/kg of intramuscular ketamine, cardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde, the brains and the hippocampus removed for histological analysis. Results from this study show that Rauwolfia at 150 and 300 mg/kg improved the correct decision (right triplet alternation) and reduced wrong decision (wrong triplet alternation) in the treated rats at days 14 and 21 respectively with an unaltered hippocampal histoarchitecture. While chlorpromazine at 5 and 10 mg/kg induced an increased wrong decision (wrong triplet alternation) and reduced correct decision (right triplet alternation) across treatment periods and caused an apparent dis tortion in the hippocampus. In conclusion, R. vomitoria could be a better alternative agent with more therapeutic potential in the treatment of psychosis and could possibly remediate cognitive impairments in psychosis.
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    Subchronic dichlorvos-induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats: Mitigative efficacy of Nigella sativa oil.
    (2018) Adana, M. Y.; Imam, A.; Busari, M. O.; Ajibola, M. I.; Ibrahim, A.; Sulaimon, F. A.; Ajao, M. S.
    BACKGROUND: Accidental poisoning from indiscriminate use of organophosphates have become endemic in recent decades, most especially in developing nations, coupled with the limitations of the availability of satisfactory antidotes. AIM OF THE STUDY: Thus, we investigated the cardioprotective efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) following dichlorvos dichlorvos (DDVP)‑induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6); the control was administered sunflower oil (1 ml/kg), DDVP (8.8 mg/kg) to the experimental Group I, whereas DDVP + NSO (8.8 mg/kg +1 ml/kg) and NSO (1 ml/kg) was administered orally to the experimental Groups II and III, respectively. The animals were euthanized; blood was transcardially collected from the right atrium, centrifuged, and plasma extracted to analyze levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C). While cardiac muscle tissue was collected from the left heart, processed and stained for general architecture (hematoxylin and eosin) and elastic morphology (orcein). RESULTS: DDVP significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the plasma levels of TC, LDL, atherogenic and atherosclerotic indices (TC/HDL‑C and LDL‑C/HDL‑C ratios), but this was prevented by co-administration with NSO. Histological investigations showed that DDVP resulted in the pathological appearance of cardiac tissues, such as the lack of striations, myocardial hemorrhage, and necrosis‑like features. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that NSO was able to attenuate DDVP‑induced cardiotoxicity.