Browsing by Author "Ajao M.S"

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    Anthropometric Analysis of Craniofacial Indices in Students of Yoruba Lineage
    (The Journal of Anatomical Sciences, 2024-09-30) Kareem SB,; Eweoya OO,; Akinola O,; Imam A,; Ibrahim A,; Arogundade TT,; Adana MY,; Ajao M.S
    Population-specific facial anthropometry is essential for cultural esteem, preservation of ethnicity, and advances in reconstructive medicine. This study focuses on craniofacial indices in students of Yoruba lineage. Using a questionnaire, biodata were collected from 2109 participants, aged 18 to 29 years, who were of Yoruba lineage and were without facial abnormalities. Amkov 3.0 Super AMOLED 24 Mega Pixel Digital Camera facilitated photography, and Digitalize image analysis software streamlined measurement and index analyses. Generated Data, including facial index (FI), nasal index (NI), canthal index (CI), and ear index (EI), were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0. FI findings revealed a prevalence of hyperleptoproscopic faces among males (98.0%) and females (97.9%). Males showed a higher mean FI than females, indicating sexual dimorphism and the influence of gender on facial morphology. According to the NI data, males (50.5%) and females (52.2%) had hyperplatin as the most common nose type. In NI, there was an evident sexual dimorphism, with males displaying higher mean values than females. Close eyes were shown to be the dominant form for both genders based on the CI values, with higher mean values in men also indicating sexual dimorphism. The EI results showed large ears were the most common, with sexual and age-specificity in mean values. The data presented here sheds considerable light on the craniofacial features of the Yoruba people, demonstrating how age and gender significantly influence facial dimensions. This research finds relevance in reconstructive medicine, forensic anthropology, and ethnic diversity studies.
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    Dichlorvos induced oxidative and neuronal responses in rats; mitigative efficacy of Nigella sativa (black cumin)
    (2018) Imam, A.; Ogunniyi, A.; Ibrahim, A.; Abdulmajeed, W.I.; Oyewole, L.A.; Lawan, A.H.; Sulaimon, F.A.; Adana, M.Y.; Ajao M.S
    Poisoning from Organophosphates (OPs), especially Dichlorvos (DDVP) has become endemic due to the increasing use in house hold and agricultural pests control, with most marked effects in the nervous system. However, it is evidenced that natural antioxidants are efficacious against OPs toxicity. Thus, this study investigated the possible antidotal efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in Dichlovos (DDVP) induced oxidative and neuronal damages in Wistar rats. DDVP was administered at sub-chronic daily dosage of 8.8 mg/kg.bw for 7 days and a post-administration of NSO at 1 ml/kg.bw for the subsequent 7 days. The rats were euthanized on the 15thday, blood sample collected via cardiac puncture, centrifuged and the plasma used for biochemical analysis of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total reactive oxygen species (ROS), while the frontal, occipital and cerebellar cortices and the medulla were removed for histo morphological examinations. The results showed significant (P≤0.05) decrease in plasma TAC and GSH, while a significant (P≤0.05) increase in ROS was recorded, and some vacuolation around the neurons especially in the frontal and cerebellar cortices following DDVP exposure. However, post treatment with NSO was observed to be efficacious in the recovery of the oxidative activities and the neuro-architectural integrities. Thus, it can be concluded that the antioxidant capacity of NSO could be efficacious against OPs induced oxidative damages, especially in dichlorvos accidents.
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    Exogenous melatonin restored the cytoarchitectural integrity and biochemical activities of the cerebrum in sodium fluoride-induced toxicity.
    (Spanish Society of Anatomy and the Mexican Society of Anatomy, 2021) Ibrahim-Abdulkareem, R. A.; Okesina, A. A.; Sulaimon, F. A.; Imam, A.; Yawson, E.; Oluyomi, O.O.; Ajao M.S
    The cerebrum is responsible for motor, sensory and autonomic activities of the human body, and it is believed that fluoride exposure to the biological system can impede these functions. Therefore, it is imperative to introduce melatonin to limit the extent of fluoride toxicity on the cerebrum and understand the mechanism involved in the aforementioned process. Thirty-two rats were randomly selected into 4 groups (n=8, per group). Groups I-IV received oral administration of 0.2ml of normal saline (NS), 500ppm of sodium fluoride (NaF), concurrent administration of sodium fluoride and melatonin (NaF+MLT), and sodium fluoride before melatonin (NaF-MLT) for fourteen days respectively. At the end of these treatments, the rats were euthanized and cerebral tissues were excised for histological, histochemical and biochemical analyses. Sodium fluoride distorted the shapes and size of the cells and caused constriction of the blood vessels, as well as presence of vacuolations in the cells of the pyramidal layer of the cerebral cortex. However, melatonin was able to restore the cytoarchitecture of cells of the pyramidal layer of the cerebral cortex when administered concurrently and after the administration of sodium fluoride (NaF) respectively. Also, melatonin regulated the activities of Superoxide dismutase, Malondialdehyde and Glutathione peroxidase in the cerebrum. Sodium fluoride causes neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex, and exogenous melatonin can ameliorate the injury caused by sodium fluoride on the cerebral cortex.