Browsing by Author "Ajao M.S"

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    Dichlorvos induced oxidative and neuronal responses in rats; mitigative efficacy of Nigella sativa (black cumin)
    (2018) Imam, A.; Ogunniyi, A.; Ibrahim, A.; Abdulmajeed, W.I.; Oyewole, L.A.; Lawan, A.H.; Sulaimon, F.A.; Adana, M.Y.; Ajao M.S
    Poisoning from Organophosphates (OPs), especially Dichlorvos (DDVP) has become endemic due to the increasing use in house hold and agricultural pests control, with most marked effects in the nervous system. However, it is evidenced that natural antioxidants are efficacious against OPs toxicity. Thus, this study investigated the possible antidotal efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in Dichlovos (DDVP) induced oxidative and neuronal damages in Wistar rats. DDVP was administered at sub-chronic daily dosage of 8.8 mg/kg.bw for 7 days and a post-administration of NSO at 1 ml/kg.bw for the subsequent 7 days. The rats were euthanized on the 15thday, blood sample collected via cardiac puncture, centrifuged and the plasma used for biochemical analysis of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total reactive oxygen species (ROS), while the frontal, occipital and cerebellar cortices and the medulla were removed for histo morphological examinations. The results showed significant (P≤0.05) decrease in plasma TAC and GSH, while a significant (P≤0.05) increase in ROS was recorded, and some vacuolation around the neurons especially in the frontal and cerebellar cortices following DDVP exposure. However, post treatment with NSO was observed to be efficacious in the recovery of the oxidative activities and the neuro-architectural integrities. Thus, it can be concluded that the antioxidant capacity of NSO could be efficacious against OPs induced oxidative damages, especially in dichlorvos accidents.
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    Exogenous melatonin restored the cytoarchitectural integrity and biochemical activities of the cerebrum in sodium fluoride-induced toxicity.
    (Spanish Society of Anatomy and the Mexican Society of Anatomy, 2021) Ibrahim-Abdulkareem, R. A.; Okesina, A. A.; Sulaimon, F. A.; Imam, A.; Yawson, E.; Oluyomi, O.O.; Ajao M.S
    The cerebrum is responsible for motor, sensory and autonomic activities of the human body, and it is believed that fluoride exposure to the biological system can impede these functions. Therefore, it is imperative to introduce melatonin to limit the extent of fluoride toxicity on the cerebrum and understand the mechanism involved in the aforementioned process. Thirty-two rats were randomly selected into 4 groups (n=8, per group). Groups I-IV received oral administration of 0.2ml of normal saline (NS), 500ppm of sodium fluoride (NaF), concurrent administration of sodium fluoride and melatonin (NaF+MLT), and sodium fluoride before melatonin (NaF-MLT) for fourteen days respectively. At the end of these treatments, the rats were euthanized and cerebral tissues were excised for histological, histochemical and biochemical analyses. Sodium fluoride distorted the shapes and size of the cells and caused constriction of the blood vessels, as well as presence of vacuolations in the cells of the pyramidal layer of the cerebral cortex. However, melatonin was able to restore the cytoarchitecture of cells of the pyramidal layer of the cerebral cortex when administered concurrently and after the administration of sodium fluoride (NaF) respectively. Also, melatonin regulated the activities of Superoxide dismutase, Malondialdehyde and Glutathione peroxidase in the cerebrum. Sodium fluoride causes neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex, and exogenous melatonin can ameliorate the injury caused by sodium fluoride on the cerebral cortex.