Browsing by Author "Ajao, M. S."

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
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    Activation of pro-apoptotic cells, reactive astrogliosis and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in trimethyltin-induced hippocampal injury in rats
    (Association of Anatomical Societies of Africa, 2020) Okesina, A. A.; Ajao, M. S.; Buhari, M. O.; Afodun, A. M.; Okesina, K. B.; Usman, R. Y.; Sulaimon, F. A.,
    Neurodegenerative diseases cause neural cells to lose both the functional and sensory abilities as a result of genetic factors, proteopathies and mitochondrial dysfunction. Neurodegeneration forms the basis of most neurodegenerative disorders for example Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s diseases, and Parkinson’s diseases. The mechanism that underlines the process of neurodegeneration is not well understood. Understanding the process and mechanism involved in neurodegeneration might offer a better therapeutic approach to positively manage cases of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this study’s target was to create an animal model to study neurodegeneration. Sixteen adult male Wistar rats were used in the study and divided into two groups. Control (0.2 mL of normal saline (NS)), and trimethyltin-treated (TMT, 8 mg/kg stat dose only). These animals underwent perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde, brain excision and analysis of p53 antigen, GFAP and Bielshowsky on these tissues. The results showed that animals in the control group showed presence of activated p53 antigen, reactive astrogliosis, neurofibrillary tangles, and amyloid plaques within the cytoplasm of the hippocampal cells. Cornus Ammonis (CA2) and (CA3) showed more of the trimethylrtin injury than CA1 and CA4. This study thus revealed that, intra-peritoneal administration of single dose of 8mg/kg of trimethyltin can offer an attractive disease model to study some neurodegenerative diseases.
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    Comparative Analysis of the Protective Potentials of Nigella sativa and Lepidium meyenii on Alcohol-induced Testicular Toxicity in Adolescent Wistar Rats
    (The Anatomical Society of Nigeria, 2024) Adana, M. Y.; Towoju, A. M.; Alade, O. E.; Oluwasegun, B. O.; Adewale, D. A.; Onigbolabi, O. G.; Ajao, M. S.
    Alcohol, a psychoactive drug, is soluble in both water and lipids, due to which it can diffuse to all tissues and affect the normal functioning of the body. Gonadal toxicity is reported as one of the side effects of its long-term consumption. This study examined the possible comparable protective potentials of Lepidium meyenii (LM) and Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on the biological integrities of the testes after exposure to excessive alcohol. Thirty-six adolescent Wistar rats (60– 150 g) were randomly divided into six groups and treated orally for 56 consecutive days. Group treatments included normal saline for the control group, 40% alcohol, LM, NSO, LM+alcohol, and NSO+alcohol. On the 57th day, samples were collected to assess reproductive hormones, sperm analysis, testicular histology and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. The results revealed that excessive alcohol consumption affected the structural integrities of the testes by depleting the mature sperm cell population and actively dividing PCNA immune-reactive cells. The treatment with Lepidium meyenii does not show any significant protective effects on alcohol-induced structural distortion of rats’ testes. However, NSO promises to be effective in protecting against alcohol-induced changes.
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    Dichlorvos induced oxidative and neuronal responses in rats: mitigative efficacy of Nigella sativa (black cumin)
    (Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2018) Adana, M. Y.; Imam, A.; Ogunniyi, A.; Ibrahim, A.; Abdulmajeed, W. I.; Oyewole, L. A.; Lawan, A. H.; Sulaimon, F. A.; Ajao, M. S.
    Poisoning from Organophosphates (OPs), especially Dichlorvos (DDVP) has become endemic due to the increasing use in house hold and agricultural pests control, with most marked effects in the nervous system. However, it is evidenced that natural antioxidants are efficacious against OPs toxicity. Thus, this study investigated the possible antidotal efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in Dichlovos (DDVP) induced oxidative and neuronal damages in Wistar rats. DDVP was administered at sub-chronic daily dosage of 8.8 mg/kg.bw for 7 days and a post-administration of NSO at 1 ml/kg.bw for the subsequent 7 days. The rats were euthanized on the 15thday, blood sample collected via cardiac puncture, centrifuged and the plasma used for biochemical analysis of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total reactive oxygen species (ROS), while the frontal, occipital and cerebellar cortices and the medulla were removed for histomorphological examinations. The results showed significant (P≤0.05) decrease in plasma TAC and GSH, while a significant (P≤0.05) increase in ROS was recorded, and some vacuolation around the neurons especially in the frontal and cerebellar cortices following DDVP exposure. However, post treatment with NSO was observed to be efficacious in the recovery of the oxidative activities and the neuro-architectural integrities. Thus, it can be concluded that the antioxidant capacity of NSO could be efficacious against OPs induced oxidative damages, especially in dichlorvos accidents.
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    Histopathological and biochemical evaluation of the antidotal efficacy of Nigella sativa oil on organophosphate-induced hepatotoxicity
    (College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, 2017) Adana, M. Y.; Ajao, M. S.; Abdussalam, W. A.; Imam, A.; Amin, A. B.; Ibrahim, A.; Sulaimon, F. A.; Atata, J. A.
    Objective: The study was designed to investigate the effects of continuous exposure of dichlorvos (DDVP) on hepatic function and hepatic histomorphology, with the possible antidotal efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO). Methods: Twenty four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, with each group comprising of six rats. The groups were labelled as Sunflower oil (SFO), DDVP, DDVP+NSO and NSO. After 14 days of treatments, blood samples were collected, centrifuged and levels of ALP (Alkaline phosphatase), ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) and GGT (γ-glutamyl-transferase) concentrations were estimated in the serum. The livers were removed and prepared for histopathological examinations and evaluation. Results: The findings of the study shows significant increase in the serum concentration of ALT, ALP, AST and GGT with a marked distortion in the hepatic architecture in rats administered with DDVP. However, Nigella sativa oil (NSO) was observed to ameliorate the levels of impairment in the assessed hepatic function parameters and relatively restoration in the hepatic architecture in DDVP+NSO treated animals when compared to the control and group administered with DDVP only. Conclusion: The study concludes that impaired liver functions and histomorphological tissue distortions observed in the experimental rats following DDVP exposure were ameliorated following the administration of NSO.
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    Honey and levodopa comparably preserved substantia nigra pars compacta neurons through the modulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's disease model
    (Korean Association of Anatomists, 2024) Sulaimon, F. A.; Ibiyeye, R. Y.; Imam, A.; Oyewole, A. L.; Imam, A. L.; Shehu, M.; Biliaminu, S. A.; Kadir, R. E.; Omotoso, G. O.; Ajao, M. S.
    : Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects about 8.5 million individuals worldwide. Oxidative and inflammatory cascades are implicated in the neurological sequels, that are mostly unresolved in PD treatments. However, proper nutrition offers one of the most effective and least costly ways to decrease the burden of many diseases and their associated risk factors. Moreover, prevention may be the best response to the progressive nature of PD, thus, the therapeutic novelty of honey and levodopa may be prospective. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective role of honey and levodopa against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced oxidative stress. Fifty-four adult male Swiss mice were divided into control and PD model groups of 27 mice. Each third of the control mice either received phosphate buffered saline, honey, or levodopa for 21 days. However, each third of the PD models was either pretreated with honey and levodopa or not pretreated. Behavioral studies and euthanasia were conducted 2 and 8 days after MPTP administration respectively. The result showed that there were significantly (P<0.05) higher motor activities in the PD models pretreated with the honey as well as levodopa. furthermore, the pretreatments protected the midbrain against the chromatolysis and astrogliosis induced by MPTP. The expression of antioxidant markers (glutathione [GSH] and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [Nrf2]) was also significantly upregulated in the pretreated PD models. It is thus concluded that honey and levodopa comparably protected the substantia nigra pars compacta neurons against oxidative stress by modulating the Nrf2 signaling molecule thereby increasing GSH level to prevent MPTP-induced oxidative stress.
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    Muscle Tissues: In Histology Practical Manual
    (Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin., 2024-04) Lewu, F. S.; Ibiyeye, R. Y.; Danwahab, O. A.; Imam, A.; Jaji-Sulaimon, R.; Sulaimon, F. A.; Ajao, M. S.; Omotoso. G. O.
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    Newbouldia Laevis Enhanced Bcl-2 Expression and Germinal Epithelial Proliferation in adolescent Wistar rats
    (2025-04) Adana, M. Y.; Adebayo, A. D.; Aina, S. A.; Nathan, Q. R.; Onigbolabi, O. G.; Ajao, M. S.
    Background: In traditional medicine, numerous plant extracts have been used as infertility treatments to enhance chances of procreation over the years. The use of Newbouldia laevis as an adjuvant has been shown in experimental animal models to have the ability to either stimulate or suppress male reproductive processes at specific dosages. Th study aimed to compare the effects of graded dosages of Newbouldia laevis and zinc on male fertility. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male divided into six groups of five adolescent rats each. They were treated with normal saline, Zinc, and different doses and and duration , viz: low-dose short-term (LS) and low-dose long-term (LL), and high-dose long-term (HL) the motility and population groups when compared to other groups. Conclusion/Recommendations: Wistar rats, weighing between 55 - 125 g were randomly high-dose short-term (HS) Newbouldia laevis at for a period of 28 days , for of 56 days . The semen , histomorphometric analysis, and Bcl-2 expression, a protein that controls apoptosis, were studied to assess the testicular health in experimental animals. Results: The results demonstrated that high doses of Newbouldia laevis parameters impaired semen parameters, particularly of sperm cells, irrespective of treatment duration. The population of germinal epithelial cells was unchanged . However, t he expression of Bcl-2 The study suggests that was reduced in the high dose (HS and HL) moderate use of period may have beneficial effects on male fertility potential Newbouldia laevis extract for a limited with effects comparable to those of Zinc.
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    Nigella sativa Attenuates Trimethyltin-induced Histopathological Changes in Mice Hippocampi
    (National Association of Specialist Medical Doctors in Academics in Nigeria, 2022) Adana M.Y.; Imam, A.; Kareem, S. B.; Ajao, M. S.
    Background: The organotins particularly Trimethyltin (TMT) are very popular in agriculture and industry. Exposure to the compound is associated with several neurological symptoms which suggest neurotoxicity. The study was designed to investigate the antidotal effects of Nigella sativa (NS) on TMT-induced neurotoxicity on mice hippocampi. Materials and Methods: Seventy adult male mice weighing an average of 25g were randomly assigned into seven groups of ten animals each (Groups A- G). Animals in group A were administered single dose TMT (3mg/kg) and euthanized after 48 hours. Groups B, C, and D were given a single dose of TMT (3mg/kg), followed by a single weekly dose of NS (28ml/kg) for 1, 2, and 3 weeks respectively. Groups E, F, and G served as controls for trimethyltin (3mg/kg), Nigella sativa (28ml/kg), and saline (28ml/kg) respectively. NS Results: The mice demonstrated tremors, aggressiveness and subtle seizures at the initial state in TMT administered groups with exophthalmos and pedal edema that subsides in the mice administered with TMT-NS. There were exudes of neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and apoptotic cells on TMT-administered brains on histology. These observations were markedly reduced in the TMT-NS administered groups. Conclusion: The study concludes that the neurodestructive effects of TMT on the hippocampal neurons and its ability to negatively affect the neurobehavioral attitudes of the mice could be reversible following the administration of NS
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    Nigella sativa oil ingestion mitigates aluminum chloride (alcl3) induced cerebellar oxidative, neurogenic damages and impaired motor functions in Wistar rats
    (Association of Anatomical Societies of Africa, 2022) Imam, A.; Sulaimon, F. A.; Shehu, M.; Busari, M.; Oyegbola, C.; Okesina, A. A.; Afodun A. M.; Adana, M. Y.; Ajao, M. S.
    Varying neurological effects, and impairments to motor functions, neurochemistry and neuromorphology have been associated with Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) induced neurotoxicity. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in AlCl3 induced cerebellar toxicity in rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups and received: normal saline; 100 mg/kg.bw of AlCl3; 100 mg/kg.bw AlCl3 and 1 ml/kg.bw of NSO; and 1 ml/kg.bw, orally and daily for fourteen days. On the 13th day of the experiment, the rats were each exposed to a single trial of the Open Field Test (OFT), of which line crossing frequency, rearing frequency, and freezing period were recorded as measures of exploratory and locomotive behaviours of the animals. By day 15, the rats were euthanized, their brains were excised, the cerebellum dissected from five brains of each group, and homogenized for biochemical evaluations of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The remaining three brains in each group were processed for histology and Ki67 immunohistochemistry investigations. The results of this study shows that AlCl3 impaired motor related behaviours in the AlCl3 exposed animals, by significantly reducing the line crossing and rearing frequencies, and increasing the freezing period. This effect was observed to be mitigated in the animal group that received NSO following AlCl3 administration, as the animals showed improved motor behaviours. AlCl3 also caused an increase in the cerebellar activities of NO and ROS, while it depleted Ki67 expressions and caused neurodegenerative-like effects in the cerebellar histoarchitecture of the exposed animals. Intervention with NSO depleted ROS/NO levels and protected the cerebellum from the nitrosative and oxidative stress induced by AlCl3. NSO was also observed to preserve the cerebellar cortex histoarchitecture and neurogenic morphology against the neurodegenerative effect of AlCl3. It can be concluded that NSO, with its high efficacy against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, is a potent natural therapeutic agent in aluminum and heavy metal neurotoxicity.
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    Oral thymoquinone modulates cyclophosphamide‐induced testicular toxicity in adolescent Wistar rats
    (Wiley, 2022) Adana, M. Y.; Imam, A.; Bello, A. A.; Sunmonu, O. E.; Alege, E. P.; Onigbolabi, O. G.; Ajao, M. S.
    Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is an effective anti-cancer drug that is widely accepted, but it is not devoid of unintended toxic effects. Gonadal toxicity is reported as one of the side effects of its long-time use. This study examined the effects of thymoqui none (TQ) on the biological integrities of the testes after cyclophosphamide expo sure. Thirty adolescent male Wistar rats (100–110 g) were divided into six groups (n = 5), receiving normal saline (NS), 20 mg/kg of CYP (CYP), 5 mg/kg of TQ (TQ5), 10 mg/kg of TQ (TQ10), 20 mg/kg of CYP and 5 mg/kg of TQ (CTQ5), and 20 mg/ kg of CYP and 10 mg/kg of TQ (CTQ10) respectively. On the 22nd day, blood, semen and testicular samples were collected for the assay of serum reproductive hormones (follicle-stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) hormones), semen analysis and testicu lar histology and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. The results re vealed that CYP exposure affected functional and structural integrities of the testes, by depleting sperm count and motility, testosterone, LH, spermatogenic and mature sperm cell population, Leydig cells and PCNA immunoreactive proliferating cells. TQ interventions were able to reverse all cytotoxic CYP impacts, but with differential activities on the hormonal concentrations, specifically LH and FSH. Cumulatively, thymoquinone may be a potent agent against cyclophosphamide effects on the physi ological, regeneration and histological integrities of the testes, as observed in this study.
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    Protective Potential of Thymoquinone on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat
    (National Association of Specialist Medical Doctors in Academics in Nigeria, 2022) Adana M. Y.; Opabunmi, E. T.; Sunmonu, O. E.; Bello, A. A.; Onigbolabi, O. G.; Imam A.; Ajao, M. S.
    Background: Cyclophosphamide (CYC) has been known as an anticancer drug with several side effects on various organs such as the liver. In this study, the hepatoprotective properties of thymoquinone (TQ) were tested to decrease the damaging effects of Cyclophosphamide on the liver. Objective: To study and observe the possible ameliorative effect of thymoquinone on cyclophosphamide-induced hepatic toxicity in Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty Wistar male Adolescent (8 – 9 weeks old) rats weighing 70g – 150g were divided into Six groups; 5 rats per group (n=5) and treated orally for 21 consecutive days. Group A served as the control, and the rats in this group received normal saline. Group B was treated with 20mg/kg of cyclophosphamide. Group C was treated with 5mg/kg of Thymoquinone. Group D was treated with 10mg/kg of Thymoquinone. Group E was treated with 20mg/kg of cyclophosphamide and 5m/kg of Thymoquinone while Group F animals were treated with 20mg/kg of Cyclophosphamide and 10mg/kg of Thymoquinone. Results: The Cyclophosphamide treated group showed significant decreases in the body and liver weight, distorted hepatic cytoarchitecture, and reduction in hepatic function whereas co-treatment with TQ, showed protective effects on Cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity damage. Conclusion: These results suggest that the administration of Thymoquinone may have a protective potential on Cyclophosphamide induced hepatotoxicity.
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    Subchronic dichlorvos-induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats: Mitigative efficacy of Nigella sativa oil.
    (2018) Adana, M. Y.; Imam, A.; Busari, M. O.; Ajibola, M. I.; Ibrahim, A.; Sulaimon, F. A.; Ajao, M. S.
    BACKGROUND: Accidental poisoning from indiscriminate use of organophosphates have become endemic in recent decades, most especially in developing nations, coupled with the limitations of the availability of satisfactory antidotes. AIM OF THE STUDY: Thus, we investigated the cardioprotective efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) following dichlorvos dichlorvos (DDVP)‑induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6); the control was administered sunflower oil (1 ml/kg), DDVP (8.8 mg/kg) to the experimental Group I, whereas DDVP + NSO (8.8 mg/kg +1 ml/kg) and NSO (1 ml/kg) was administered orally to the experimental Groups II and III, respectively. The animals were euthanized; blood was transcardially collected from the right atrium, centrifuged, and plasma extracted to analyze levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C). While cardiac muscle tissue was collected from the left heart, processed and stained for general architecture (hematoxylin and eosin) and elastic morphology (orcein). RESULTS: DDVP significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the plasma levels of TC, LDL, atherogenic and atherosclerotic indices (TC/HDL‑C and LDL‑C/HDL‑C ratios), but this was prevented by co-administration with NSO. Histological investigations showed that DDVP resulted in the pathological appearance of cardiac tissues, such as the lack of striations, myocardial hemorrhage, and necrosis‑like features. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that NSO was able to attenuate DDVP‑induced cardiotoxicity.
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    Thymoquinone Ingestions Reversed Inflammation Driven Glia activation and Impaired Cognitive associated behavior in Cypermethrin Exposed Rats.
    (Uskudar University, 2024) Imam, A. L.; Okesina, A. A.; Sulaimon, F. A.; Imam, A.; Ibiyeye, R. Y.; Adana, M. Y.; Omoola, O. O.; Ajao, M. S.
    Background: Pyrethroids pose health risks to humans. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the preventive benefits of thymoquinone against neurotoxicity induced by cypermethrin- in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Methods: Forty male adult Wistar rats with an average weight of 180-200g were randomly allocated to five (5) groups, and each comprising eight rats (n=8 per group). The groups were designated as follows, through oral administrations for 14 days: 0.5ml phosphate- buffered saline (PBS) was given to group one; Group two received 20mg/kg of cypermethrin (CYM); Group three received 10 mg/kg of thymoquinone (THQ); Group four received 20 mg/kg of cypermethrin followed by 10mg/kg of thymoquinone (CYM-10mgTHQ); and Group five received 20mg/kg and 5mg/kg cypermethrin and thymoquinone respectively (CYM-5mgTHQ). Behavioral, histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses were conducted post-treatment. Results: Cypermethrin administration caused the rise in pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and increased expression of astrocytes, microglia, and pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Additionally, cypermethrin reduced levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). cytoarchitectural disruption of dentate gyrus and decreased Nrf2 expression were observed. Cognitive deficits were evident. Thymoquinone treatment attenuated TNF-α elevation, reduced astrocyte, microglial, and Bax expression, and increased IL-10, AChE, and Nrf2 levels. Conclusion: Thymoquinone demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects against cypermethrin-induced neurotoxicity, improving cognitive function in rats.