Browsing by Author "Ahmed El-Imam, A.M"
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Item Aspergillus niger-fermented Jatropha curcas seed cake: Proximate composition and effects on biochemical indices in wistar rats(Biological Letters. Published by De Gruyter publishing Corporation, 2014) Sulaiman, F.A; Ahmed El-Imam, A.M; Adeyemo, A.A; Muhammed, R.B; Sulaiman, A.M; Aliyu, A.O; Adeyemi, O.SThis study evaluated Jatropha curcas seed cake fermented by Aspergillus niger for use as a potential source of protein in animal feed production. Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (A–D, of 3 rats each) and fed different protein-rich diets for 4 weeks. Group 1 (control) was fed with soybean as a protein source, while Groups 2, 3, and 4 were given feeds supplemented instead with Aspergillus-fermented J. curcas, unfermented J. curcas, and a mix of Aspergillus-fermented J. curcas and soybean (1:1), respectively. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed, and their serum and vital organs were harvested for further analyses. Proximate analyses of the various diet combinations showed significant (P < 0.05) variations in crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, and ash content. Enzyme assays (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase) in rat serum and tissue homogenates indicate that the detoxification of J. curcas kernel cake by A. niger fermentation is viable and promising. Body weight generally did not differ significantly between the groups, but all rats put on weight in week 1 (Group 2 most strongly). The initial weight gain was followed by a slight decreasing trend in all groups in weeks 2–4, probably due to an adaptation mechanism. One rat fed with the unfermented cake (Group 3) died in week 2, confirming that the cake is not safe for direct consumption until it is processed. Our data support further use of Aspergillus-fermented J. curcas as an alternative protein source in animal feed preparation.Item Basic Laboratory Practicals in Microbiology(Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria., 2017-05-12) Olayemi, A.B.,; Sani, A.,; Oyeyiola, G.P; Omojasola, P.F.; Kolawole, O.M.; Arekemase, M.O; Ahmed, R.N.; Anibijuwon, I.I.; Sule, I.O; Agbabiaka, T.O.; Adebisi, O.O; Udeze, A.O; Ahmed El-Imam, A.M; Oke, M.A; Kazeem, M.O; et alItem Effect of fungal fermentation on proximate composition and in vitro performance of agrowastes used in animal feed(Ife Journal of Science, 2019) Ahmed El-Imam, A.M; Sulaiman, F.A; Abdulganiyu, A; Inaolaji, S.T; Sanusi, MLarge quantities of agricultural wastes generated annually from the processing of agricultural produce are disposed of indiscriminately in the environment, thus contributing to environmental pollution. Value addition to cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) peels, and a mixture of yam (Dioscorea spp.) and plantain (Musa paradisiaca) peels, which accumulate during manual peeling will help reduce this environmental impact in addition to being a source of income. The effects of fungal fermentation on their proximate composition and suitability for use as enriched animal feed were thus investigated in this study. Cassava peel and yam-plantain peel mixture were each fermented with Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma spp. at 32 C at moisture content of 52% and 60% respectively for a week and the potential of the biomass was investigated in feeding trials of Wistar rats over a four-week period. After sacrifice, their sera and vital organs were analysed for key enzymes and metabolic products. It was observed that Aspergillus niger-fermented cassava peel (FCP) was the best treatment with increased protein content (from 6.73% to 19.3%) due to microbial biomass. While the carbohydrate content decreased following fermentation, the calorific value remained similar to that of the raw peel. No mortality was recorded in the experimental rats fed the FCP and standard commercial feed (CF) while 100% mortality was then observed by the 4 week in the control group fed unfermented cassava peel (UCP). Organ-body weight ratio and some biochemical parameters e.g. cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), urea of FCP-fed rats were similar to those of the CF group. Lower amounts of some markers e.g. aspartate transaminase (ALP) and alanine transaminase (AST) were observed relative to UCP group. This research demonstrates the potential of microbially-detoxified food waste to replace commercial feed as a cheap alternative with minimal undesirable physiological effects in the animal models.