Browsing by Author "Ahmed, O."

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Germination of several groundnut cultivars in relation to incidence of fungi
    (Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, 2017) Ahmed, O.; Olayinka, Bolaji U.; Garuba, Taofeeq; Etejere, E. O.
    This experiment is concerned with the germination of nine cultivars of groundnut grown in Nigeria in relation to incidence of fungi. The cultivars were NHK 5V8, NUTII 288, Samnut 10, 11, 21, 22, 23, 24 and MK 373. Germination potential was assessed after 10 days of planting in petri-dishes. Parameters such as seedling vigour and electrical conductivity were assessed. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) was used to isolate the fungi grown in each seed types and the fungi were identified. Four species of fungi: Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Fusarium sp and Penicillium sp were isolated in all the nine cultivars at varying degree except Aspergillus niger that was absent in Samnut 24. Fusarium sp. was preponderant in NUTII288, Samnut 22, 23 and 24. Whereas A. flavus was highest in NHK5V8, MK 373 and Samnut 21. The species such as A. niger and Penicillium sp were respectively high in occurrence in Samnut 10 and 11. Samnut 23 showed highest percentage germination followed by Samnut 24 and 21 (100-90%). All other cultivars had percentage germination between 70-80%. The results of speed, ability and seedling vigour followed similar trend as recorded for percentage germination. Seeds with higher vigour showed lower conductivity test as compared to those with low vigour. Generally, cultivars with high germination potential showed low incidence of fungal attack
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    Influence of Fertilizer Application on the Growth Response of Celosia argentea infected with Two Viruses
    (Faculties of Life and Physical Science, University of Ilorin Nigeria, 2016) Aliyu, T. H.; Balogun, O. S.; Gbegan, V. D.; Ahmed, O.; Eifediyi, K. E.
    A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the influence of fertilizer application on the growth response of Celosia argentea mechanically infected with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Okra mosaic virus (OKMV). Four seeds and later thinned to two stands of the vegetable were sown per 10- litre sized plastic buckets filled with sandy-loam soil steam-sterilized at 12 o C for 1 hour. Fertilizer application was at the rate of 3 g (N-P-K 15-15-15) applied to 10 Kg soil prior sowing. CMVand OKMV virus isolates were inoculated on the vegetable grown on the fertilized and non-fertilized soils at 14 days after planting.The results of the experiment revealed that disease severity was generally lower in the fertilized plants. Virus inoculation also indicated increasing pathogenicity of CMV (35.8 % - 68.4 %) and OKMV (24.1 % - 64.4 %). However, irrespective of the virus inoculum, the combined effect of fertilizer application andvirus inoculation resulted in lower disease severity [CMV (35.6 % - 61.0 %) and OKMV (32.2 % - 59.3 %)] as compared with the effect of the non – application of fertilizer andvirus inoculation [CMV (35.7 % - 77.9 %) and OKMV (35.9 % - 74.0 %)]. The effect of treatment on growth parameters also followed the same trend. The effect on shoot weight showed that fertilizer application at the rate of 3 g per 10 Kg soil produced a significantly higher shoot weight per plant (2.8 g) compared to non - fertilizer application (1. 8 g). The results obtained from this study are indicative of the potential use of soil-nutrient augmentation as management for C. argentea virus diseases. This procedure if properly adopted could increase production with an attendant reduction in hunger and poverty among vegetable farmers in Nigeria.
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    Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus): A plant for future medicinal edible oil
    (Society for Conservation and Resource Development of Medicinal Plants, 2011-06) Belewu, Moshood A.; Okukpe, Kehinde Matthias; Oladipo, F.O.; Kareem, I.; Kolawole, F.L.; Muhammed-Lawal, A.; Ahmed, O.; Badmos, Abiodun A.
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    Pathogenicity and Control of Phomopsis sp. Associated with Yam Rot Using Bark Extracts of Mangifera indica L. and Parinari polyandra Benth.
    (Al-Hikmah Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences (AJPAS), 2017-04-08) Ahmed, O.; Baba, Halimat S.; Yusuf, S.Y.; Lawal, R.; Adebayo, O.V.; Ojumo, J.O
    The antifungal property of Mangifera indica and Parinari polyandra bark extracts against Phomopsis sp. isolated from rotting yam tubers was evaluated. Stock solutions prepared by dissolving 1 g of each extract in 100 ml of sterile water (i.e. 1% w/v) was applied at 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6 (i.e. 1 part of the stock to 2, 4 and 6 parts of the culture medium v/v) in-vitro. The extracts were later applied at 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% w/v as coating on the yam tubers. The plant extracts significantly suppressed the growth of the fungus in vitro and reduced rot development in healthy yam tubers. The percentage inhibition of growth of the test fungus on medium treated with Parinari polyandra bark extract ranged between 10.50 – 21.35 , 19.52 – 43.15 , 29.41 – 50.14 , 33.18 – 51.92 and 27.71 – 47.30 for concentration range between 1:6v/v – 1:2v/v of the stock solution at days 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 and 11 of plating respectively. Percentage inhibition of growth of the fungus on Mangifera indica extract treated medium also ranged between 11.02 – 39.06, 34.93 – 49.32, 34.45 – 52.94, 38.37 – 54.18 and 31.88 – 50.42 for the same concentration range and days after plating respectively. The study showed the potentials of these plant extracts in the control of post harvest rots of yam tubers.
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    Pathogenicity and Control of Phomopsis sp. Associated with Yam Rot Using Bark Extracts of Mangifera indica L. and Parinari polyandra Benth.
    (Faculty of Natural Sciences Al-Hikmah University, Nigeria, 2017) Ahmed, O.; Baba, H. S.; Yusuf, S. Y.; Lawal, R. A.; Adebayo, O. V.; Ojomu, J. O
    The antifungal property of Mangifera indica and Parinari polyandra bark extracts against Phomopsis sp. isolated from rotting yam tubers was evaluated. Stock solutions prepared by dissolving 1 g of each extract in 100 ml of sterile water (i.e.1% w/v) were applied at 1:2, 1:4, and 1:6 (i.e. 1 part of the stock to 2, 4, and 6 parts of the culture medium v/v) in-vitro. The extracts were later applied at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% w/v as a coating on the yam tubers. The plant extracts significantly suppressed the growth of the fungus in vitro and reduced rot development in healthy yam tubers. The percentage inhibition of growth of the test fungus on medium treated with Parinari polyandra bark extract ranged between 10.50 – 21.35, 19.52 – 43.15, 29.41 – 50.14, 33.18 – 51.92 and 27.71 – 47.30 for concentration range between 1:6v/v – 1:2v/v of the stock solution at days 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 of plating respectively. Percentage inhibition of growth of the fungus on Mangifera indica extract treated medium also ranged between 11.02 – 39.06, 34.93 – 49.32, 34.45 – 52.94, 38.37 – 54.18 and 31.88 – 50.42 for the same concentration range and days after plating respectively. The study showed the potential of these plant extracts in the control of post-harvest rots of yam tubers.
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    PATHOGENICITY OF Meloidogyne Incognita IN SELECTED GROUNDNUT VARIETIES AND ITS MANAGEMENT WITH AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACTS OF WILD SAGE (Lantana Camara L.) AND LOCUST BEAN (Parkia Biglobosa JACQ.)
    (Agrosearch, 2018) Baba, Halimat S.; Izuogu, N.B.; Olajide, M.C.; Dosunmu, O.O.; Ahmed, O.; Saliu, A.R.
    Investigations were conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, on four groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties. The efficacy aqueous leaf extracts of Lantana camara and Parkia biglobosa in the management of M. incognita infecting the groundnut varieties was also investigated. A preliminary study was first carried out from November 2014 – January 2015 in a screen house to access the pathogenicity of M. incognita on the four varieties of groundnut. Results obtained from soil and root nematode population led to field trials which involved the management of M. incognita using botanicals. The field experiment which was a 4x3 factorial fitted into Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) commenced in August, 2015. The effects of treatment on plants’ height, number of leaves, weight of fruits and on the population of root and soil nematodes were determined. Phytochemical screening of the active components in the test plant extracts was also conducted. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using Fisher’s protected LSD. Results from the study revealed that the growth parameters, yields and nematode population were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the treatment combinations of L. camara and P. biglobosa than the control L. camara leaves extract at 100% performed better than P. biglobosa with respect to all the data measured. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, tannin, flavonoids, phenol and glycosides as the active chemical components in the test plants. This bio–active components were responsible for the nematotoxic effect of the leaf extracts. However results indicate that both aqueous extracts of L. camara and P. biglobosa can be used to manage the root-knot nematodes and increase the yield of groundnut without any toxic effects on the plants.
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    Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Selected Agricultural Soils in Kwara State, Nigeria.
    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Nigeria., 2020) Ahmed, O.; Izuogu, N. B; Baba, H. S; Kalejaiye, N. A
    Plant parasitic nematodes have caused huge yield loss on all agricultural crops. Knowledge of the type and quantity of these pathogens in soils is an indication of the risk of disease development in the crops grown on the soils. This study was carried out to determine the plant parasitic nematode composition of selected agricultural soils in Kwara State, Nigeria. Three sample locations from each of the forest and savannah agro-ecological zones of the state were selected for the study. Soil samples were taken from the rhizosphere of five crops commonly grown in each of the six sample locations (Celosia sp. Cowpea, Maize, Soybean and Teak) using soil auger. Nematodes were extracted using the modified Bearmann technique and the nematodes were identified using standard identification key. The identity of the nematodes was confirmed at the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan. A total of six nematode genera namely, Meloidogyne sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Scutellonema sp., Pratylenchus sp., Rotylenchus sp., and Tylenchus sp. were isolated with Meloidogyne sp. having the highest frequency of occurrence in most of the sampled locations and crops. The implication of nematodes in agricultural soils is discussed.