Browsing by Author "Ahmed, O"

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    Chlorpyrifos: Toxicological effects on Clarias gariepinus and its amelioration by Blighia sapida seeds’ extract
    (International Journal of Phytofuels and Allied Sciences., 2016) Sulaiman, F.A; Iyiola, O.A; Quadri, A.L; Oyegoke, R.A; Bello, O.K; Muritala, H.F; Ahmed, O; Adisa, M.J; Tejidini, T.T; Badrudeen, O; Efuntoye, A.F
    Chlorpyrifos; CPF (O, O-diethyl O-3, 5, 6–trichloro-2-pyridyphosphorothioate) is commonly used for the control of pests and insects in agricultural fields and surrounding freshwater reservoirs. This study was carried out to find out the ameliorative potentials of Blighia sapida seeds on Clarias gariepinus exposed to chlorpyrifos. The Acute toxicity assay was to determine the 96 h Lethal Concentration (LC50) values of organophosphate pesticide, which was conducted with definitive test in a semi-static system in the laboratory using the standard methods. Range finding test was carried out prior to determination of the concentrations of the test (chlorpyrifos) solution for definitive test. The experiment was conducted in plastic containers containing 10L of non-chlorinated and aerated water. The acute study; A set of 15 fish specimen were randomly exposed to organophosphate concentrations; 1ml of stock solution was added to B1 and B2, 2ml to C1 and C2, 3ml to D1 and D2, 4ml to E1 and E2 while 5ml was added to F1 and F2. The exposure was for 7 days. For chronic study; one tenth of LC50 (0.12ml/L) = 0.012ml/L was used for Groups B-E while group A is the positive control with 0.00ml/L of Chlorpyrifos (i.e. the group was free of chlorpyrifos), Group B was made the negative control, fishes in this group, which were also exposed to 0.012ml/L chlorpyrifos, were only fed with normal fish feed i.e. no Blighia sapida seeds’ extract was added, to serve as the negative control. The exposure was for 28 days and the fishes in groups C to E were fed with feeds, formulated using Blighia sapida seed. Results obtained from this study revealed that chlorpyrifos caused considerable alterations, i.e. increase in enzymes’ activities (ALT, AST, ALP) as well as alterations in other metabolites (urea, albumin, protein and glucose) in the serum, liver and kidney of all Clarias gariepinus in the negative group which are fishes exposed to the insecticide; chlorpyrifos is suspected to have induced some tissue damages in the C. gariepinus, that may result in enzymes and metabolites leakages into the serum. Blighia sapida seeds’ extract (at 25%, 50% and 75%) reduced some of the adverse effects of chlorpyrifos in C. gariepinus exposed and it was therefore concluded to possess ameliorative effects against animals’ exposure to chlorpyrifos pesticides. Therefore, this chemical should be handled with care as usual and lots of caution must still be taken to prevent or reduce its entrance or leakage into the aquatic environment. Blighia sapida seeds’ extract is therefore recommended for use to ameliorate any possible toxic effects of chronic chlorpyrifos exposure.
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    INFLUENCE OF SEED PRIMING ON YIELD, MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER-DEFICIT STRESSED LOWLAND RICE
    (West University of Timisoara, Romania, 2021-08-28) Kareem, I; Ismail, M.R; Puteh, A.B; Kareem, S.A; Lawal, O.I; Adekola, O.F; Faseyi, A.F; Olaniyan, J.O; Yusuf, S.Y; Lawal, M.T; Abdulkareem, K.A; Olayinka, B.U; Abdulaziz, A.; Ahmed, O; Baba, H.S; Kuranga, H.A; Lawal, Q.O; Musa, A.I; Oyelade, H.Y
    One of the potential ways of increasing rice production to cater for ever increasing population of Malaysia is to extend the production area of lowland rice through its production as upland rice. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effects of seed priming in alleviating water deficit stress in lowland rice produced as upland rice. The treatments used were 100mM calcium chloride dihydrate for duration of 48hours and temperature of 25oC, 40% w/v polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 for a duration of 48hours and temperature of 25oC, 100ppm kinetin for a duration of 24hours and temperature of 4oC, 200ppm methyl jasmonate for a duration of 24hours and temperature of 4oC, stressed control (unprimed seeds) and the unstressed control (unprimed seeds with adequate irrigation). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on classical growth parameters, germination pattern, gas exchange characteristics, yield and yield components. It was found that priming MR219 rice with PEG could enable the variety to be produced as upland rice with little yield reduction because PEG priming was the best in individual seed mass, final yield, harvest index and water use efficiency. It is, therefore, concluded that 48hours of priming with 40%w/v polyethylene glycol at 25oC be used for MR219 rice seeds whenever MR219 rice variety is to be cultivated as upland rice.
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    NPK partitioning, growth, yield and proximate composition of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) under water deficit stress
    (Agricultural Academy of Bulgaria, 2020-04) Kareem, I; Faseyi, A.F; Saliu, A.K; Abdulmaliq, S.Y; Adekola, O.F; Abdulkareem, K.A; Olayinka, B.U; Abdulaziz, A.; Alasinrin, S.K; Hakeem, A.K; Usman, M.; Lawal, M.T; Ahmed, O; Lawal, O.I; Bello, W.B; Salami, T.B; Ayeleke, D.A; Azeez, K.O; Olaniyan, J.O; Affinnih, K.O; Olalekan, K.K
    This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of drought stress on growth yield, NPK partitioning and nutritional composition of okra. To achieve this objective, four levels of water deficit stress (daily (control), a day interval, two days interval and three days interval irrigation) were tested on 17Lucky19 (hybrid) okra variety in a pot experiment. The experiment was laid out randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Parameters used to determine the effects of water deficit stress were nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of stems and leaves. Plant height, number of branches, number of leave, number of fruits, fresh fruit mass, dry straw mass, chlorophyll content, and proximate parameters (crude fat, crude fibre, crude protein and ash contents of the leaves) were also used. It was found that all the growth and yield parameters tested reduced with increase in water deficit levels. Similarly, all proximate parameters decreased with increase in water deficit levels with the exception of crude fibre which increased with increase in water deficit levels. In the same vein, nitrogen and potassium levels decreased with increase in water deficit levels in both leaves and stems. However, phosphorus levels in stems and leaves decreased with increase in water deficit levels. It is, therefore, concluded that 17Lucky19 is susceptible to water deficit stress. This implies that water deficit tolerant or resistant varieties should be used instead of 17Lucky19 whenever areas with irregular rainfall are to be used for cultivating this variety of okra.
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    Optimization of priming duration for rice production under drought stress
    (Agricultural Academy of Bulgaria, 2020-04) Kareem, I; Kareem, S.A; Abdulmaliq, S.Y; Adekola, O.F; Abdulkareem, K.A; Olayinka, B.U; Abdulaziz, A.; Yusuf, A.S; Kuranga, A.B; Magaji, U.; Lawal, M.T; Ahmed, O; Lawal, O.I; Bello, W.B; Salami, T.B; Ayeleke, D.A; Azeez, K.O; Olaniyan J,O; Affinnih, K.O; Olalekan, K.K
    The type of priming chemical and the duration of priming are important factors determining the performance of plants resulting from priming treatment. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effects of different priming agents and soaking durations on growth and yield of drought-stressed rice. To achieve this objective, a pot experiment was conducted where three priming agents (100 mM calcium chloride dihidrate (CaCl2), 40% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 and 100 ppm kinetin) combined with two soaking (priming) durations were tested on drought stressed rice plants in a 3x2 factorial experiment. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Parameters on germination percentage, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, tiller effi ciecy, shoot fresh and dry weight, yield, seed length to seed width ratio (seed size), 100-seed weight and harvest index were taken. Also, data on photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon-dioxide and transpiration rate and leaf water were taken. It was found that the highest yield was got when PEG was used for priming for 48 hours. It was found that number of tillers, shoot dry mass, 100-seed mass, rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and leaf area water were increased when seeds were primed for 48 hours with kinetin solution. However, tiller efficiency, harvest index and seed size were favoured by 24-hour priming with PEG while number of productive tillers, shoot fresh mass and grain yield were favoured by 48 hour priming with PEG. It was concluded that 48 hour priming with PEG was effective alleviate moisture stress in MR219 rice. This implies that to avoid wastage of priming chemicals and circumvent undue prolongation of priming period or duration which will result in harming the seeds (toxicity) and poor performance of the resulting plants, 40% (w/v) PEG 6000 should be used for 48 hours for priming MR219.
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    Pathogenicity and cell-wall degrading enzyme activities of some fungal isolates from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp)
    (Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 2006) Oluyemisi, B. Fawole; Ahmed, O; Balogun, O. S
    Nine fungal species isolated from cowpea seeds were used as inocula on four cowpea varieties commonly distributed to farmers in Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria by the National Seed Service, a subsidiary of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources. The effects of fungi on germinability and seedling health were determined using seedling symptom test. Two of the virulent species were screened for the production of cell wall degrading enzymes using viscometric method. All the fungi reduced germination rate in all the cowpea varieties and different types of seedling symptoms were noted for the fungi. The symptoms included seed rot, chlorotic leaf development, stunted growth etc. Production of pectinases and cellulases by Aspergillus flavus check for this species in other resources and Penicillum check for this species in other resources sp. was observed and the virulence of the two organisms could be attributed to the activities of these cell wall degrading enzymes.