Browsing by Author "Agunu, AbdulKareem"
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Item Pharmacognostic studies and antioxidant activity of the stem-bark of Entandrophragma utile Dawe & Sprague (Meliaceae)(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin., 2018) Usman, Sukurat; Agunu, AbdulKareem; Njinga, Stanislaus; Oladipupo, Adedoyin; Olutayo, AbiodunThe stem-bark of Entandrophragma utile (Meliaceae) is used traditionally for treatment of rheumatism, eye inflammation, sickle cell disease, gastric and duodenal ulcers in Nigeria. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pharmacognostic and antioxidant properties of the stem-bark of E. utile. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations, physicochemical parameters as well as phytochemical analyses of the powdered stem bark are performed. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effects. The macroscopic studies indicated that the stem-bark is brown, bitter, rough, channeled or squilled and has a smooth fracture type. The microscopy showed the presence of bundles of fibres, single fibres, cork cells, and sclereids. Chemomicroscopy showed the presence of lignified cell walls, suberized/cuticular cell walls, tannins and starch. Physicochemical constants are: moisture-content 8.3 ± 0.03 %, alcohol-soluble extractive 0.8 ± 0.07 % and 0.4 ± 0.03 % water-soluble extractive values. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannin, saponin and flavonoid. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract was found to be 452.8±39.4 (GAE/g of dried extract mg/g) and 15,673±261.7 (QE mg/g) respectively. The IC50 was found to be 0.75 mg/mL. The study showed that the stem bark extract is a good source of polyphenols that could be responsible for the observed antioxidant activity of the plant.Item Phytochemical and Anti-Inflammatory Studies of Ethanol Extract of Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) Stem Bark in Rats and Mice(Nigerian Association of Pharmacists in Academia (NAPA), National Secretariat, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,, 2017) Usman, Sukurat; Agunu, AbdulKareem; Atunwa, Soliu; Hassan, Seun; Sowemimo, Abimbola; Salawu, KayodeBackground: Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) is a flowering plant used traditionally for the treatment of various disease conditions including hepatitis, dysentery, piles, edema, fever, gastritis, as aphrodisiac, applied to sprains and as a cleanser for washing sores. The aim of the work was to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical properties and anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of T. macroptera stem bark. Material and Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening and quantification was carried out on the extract using standard phytochemical methods. The ethanol stem bark extract was screened using the carrageenan induced rat paw edema model, and xylene induced edema model in mice at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses orally. Lorke’s method was used to study the acute oral toxicity effect. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and alkaloids. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract were 164.8±10.37 (GAE/g of dried extract mg/g) and 193.6±6.37 (QE mg/g) respectively. The result showed that the extract produced a significant (p<0.05) dose independent inhibition with the maximum inhibition (89.93%) observed at 30 minutes at 50 mg/kg in the carrageenan induced edema and (49.5%) at 400 mg/kg in xylene induced models. No toxic effect was observed at 4.0g/kg of the extract in rats. Conclusion: The study showed that the ethanol stem bark extract is a good source of various phytochemicals that could be responsible for the observed anti-inflammatory activity of the plant.